Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.), Columbia University. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-97).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georg-Augusts-Universität zu Göttingen, 1892. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 12-14).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2004. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: A, page: 3375. Adviser: Mikhail Iampolski.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1911. / "Reprinted from the University of Nevada studies, vol. II, no. 3 (1910), and vol. III, no. 2 (1911)." Also available in digital form on the Internet Archive Web site.

Pre-existing more hegemonic theories of Cultural Studies, Hispanic Studies, Media Arts, and Queer Studies, Nahuatl cosmologies offers an evolving political grounding for Native scholars. A Nahuatl cosmology of four directions represents a circle of masculinity, elders, femininity, and youth and forms the epistemology by which one can view Nahuatl and Xicana/o culture. In the east, Indigenous Rights directly relate to the hegemonic oppressions such as war, prison, and heterosexism that many Indigenous men face. Indigenous peoples fight those hegemonies with international legal concepts and through expressing their different epistemologies. In the north, the Caxcan oral tradition of my family contrasts with the homophobic and genocidal narratives more common in Chicano histories. I show how contemporary writers can rely more upon oral traditions and revisions to colonial records for their historical treatments of Indigenous peoples. To the west, postmodernism and feminism offer partial but incomplete analysis of Nahuatl cultures that Nahuatl women articulate in their own literatures and cosmological relations. In particular, Leslie Silko's stories are more than capable of critiquing postmodernism and ethnography, including those that describe Raramuri peoples. To the south, I demonstrate that gay Nahuatl and Xicano men can embody the social Malinche in keeping with Nahuatl beliefs. I use the idea of the gay social Malinche to critique Troyano's film, Latin Boys Go to Hell. Alternative internet sources tend to facilitate the ideas of the Social Malinche more. Together, all four movements comprise ollin, a social and cosmic movement that embraces different sexualities and generational changes in evolving aspects of dynamic social movements. Interweaving Western thought into the basic cosmology of Indigenous peoples, two-spirit social Malinches can open a path to political and social movement to improve their various relations.

Traversing geographical borders frequently allows people the illusion of crossing social, political, and economic boundaries. For African-Americans of the early twentieth century, crossing physical borders offered the promise of freedom from racial segregation and discrimination in all aspects of social, political, and cultural life. Haiti became a site for African-American imaginings of a free and just society beyond the problem of the color line. From the 1920's through the 1980's, African-American travel writing was strategically deployed in efforts to transform a U.S. society characterized by Jim Crow segregation. In the process, Haiti and the rest of the Caribbean were romanticized as spaces of racial equality and political freedom. This project examines the ways in which the Caribbean has been packaged by and for African-Americans, of both U.S. and Caribbean ancestry, as a place to re-engage with romanticized African origins. In the selling of the Caribbean, cultural/heritage tourism, romance/sex tourism and ecotourism all trade on the same metaphors of loss and redemption of the innocence, equality, and purity found in a state of nature. Through analyses of standard commercial tourism advertising alongside of travel writing, I argue that with the growth of the black middle-class in the late 1980's crossings to the Caribbean have become romantic engagements with an idealized pastoral past believed lost in the transition to middle-class prosperity in the United States. African-American travel writers, writing about the Caribbean, tend to create a monolithic community of cultural belonging despite differences of geography and class, and gender hierarchies. Thus, African-American travelers' tales constitute narratives at the crossroads of celebrations of their economic progress in the United States and nostalgia for a racial community believed lost on the road to suburban prosperity. For them, the Caribbean stands in as the geographical metaphor for that idealized lost community.

Following the end of World War II and the formation of the United Nations organization, indigenous minorities who had fought on behalf of First World nations--including record numbers of New Zealand Maori and American Indians--pursued their longstanding efforts to assert cultural and political distinctiveness from dominant settler populations with renewed vigor. In the first decades after the War, New Zealand Maori and American Indians worked largely within dominant discourses in their efforts to define viable contemporary indigenous identities. But by the late 1960s and early 1970s, both New Zealand and the United States felt the effects of an emerging indigenous "renaissance," marked by dramatic events of political and cultural activism and by unprecedented literary production. By the mid-1970s, New Zealand Maori and American Indians were part of an emerging international indigenous rights movement, signaled by the formation and first general assembly of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP). In "Blood As Narrative/Narrative As Blood," I chronicle these periods of indigenous minority activism and writing and investigate the wide range of tactics developed for asserting indigenous difference in literary and political activist texts produced by the WCIP, New Zealand Maori, and American Indians. Indigenous minority or "Fourth World" writers and activists have mobilized and revalued both indigenous and dominant discourses, including the pictographic discourse of plains Indian "winter counts" in the United States and the ritual discourse of the Maori marae in New Zealand, as well as the discourse of treaties in both. These writers and activists have also created powerful tropes and emblematic figures for contemporary indigenous identity, including "blood memory," the ancient child, and the rebuilding of the ancestral house (whare tipuna). My readings of a wide range of poems, short stories, novels, essays, non-fiction works, representations of cultural and political activism, and works of literary, art history, political science, and cultural criticism lead to the development of critical approaches for reading indigenous minority literary and political activist texts that take into account the complex historical and cultural contexts of their production--local, national and, increasingly, global.

Border Pedagogy for Democratic Practice articulates a pedagogy that awakens a more nuanced political consciousness, a sense of empathy and agency about social justice, and an increased comfort with ambiguities, for both student and teacher. By combining a theory of border pedagogy (developed by Henry Giroux, Peter McLaren, Renato Rosaldo and others), with tenets from cultural studies, postcolonial literary theory and critical pedagogy/literacy, I argue for a new understanding in the way we teach diverse texts, an understanding that can be applied to the ongoing shifts in history and culture, and local and global politics. The first section historicizes, explores and synthesizes the major theorists and questions from which my framework arises. In the second chapter I analyze the border texts of Sherman Alexie, Rigoberta Menchu, and Guillermo Gomez-Pena, which I find useful in classroom exploration of border theory. In the final section, I offer models of courses each designed with the intent of facilitating an environment for critical literacy, political agency and "border thought," including the courses "Contemporary American Indian Literature," "Critical Thinking" and "The Arts in Society." My hope is that border pedagogy for democratic practice will encourage active citizenship in the interest of social justice.

Cette recherche propose une réflexion sur les enjeux que recouvre la pédophilie dans la société occidentale contemporaine. Dans le premier chapitre, il sera d’abord question d’autorité : afin de bien comprendre le rapport entretenu avec l’autorité et l’importance accordée au système hiérarchique dans la société occidentale contemporaine, nous établirons une comparaison avec les sociétés grecques puisque celles-ci ont accepté et valorisé les relations intergénérationnelles. C’est à travers une lecture de différents textes de Michel Foucault et de Kenneth James Dover que nous approfondirons ces rapports. Cette première partie sera essentielle en ce qu’elle nous aidera à comprendre la façon dont les bases de la société occidentale contemporaine ont été édifiées, l’importance de la catégorisation des genres et les raisons du rejet des relations pédophiliques aujourd’hui. Dans le second chapitre, nous analyserons plus spécifiquement deux œuvres littéraires, La Mort à Venise de Thomas Mann et Quand mourut Jonathan de Tony Duvert, afin de percevoir le malaise que provoque la pédophilie. C’est notamment à travers une étude des figures sociales et de l’éducation que nous tenterons de saisir la place attribuée à la pédophilie. Cette étude se terminera par une réflexion autour de la photographie et du cinéma, afin de souligner l’impact apporté par le réalisme de ces arts. Nous aborderons ici des œuvres non pornographiques qui exposent des sexualités existantes mais non reconnues. Les différents aspects abordés nous permettront non seulement de saisir l’embarras que suscite la pédophilie, mais également de capter la place qu’on y accorde, ou non, au sein de la société contemporaine. / This research proposes a reflection on the stakes of pedophilia in contemporary western society. In the first chapter, we will raise the question of authority: in order to understand the relation with authority and the importance of a hierarchic system in the contemporary western society, we will compare it with the Greek society which accepted and valued intergenerational relationships. It is especially through a reading of various texts from Michel Foucault and Kenneth James Dover that this study will be conducted. This first part is necessary to understand how the bases of contemporary western society were established, the importance of genders’ categorization and the reason behind the rejection of pedophilia today. In the second chapter, we will more specifically analyze two novels, Thomas Mann’s La Mort à Venise and Tony Duvert’s Quand mourut Jonathan. It is mainly through a study of social figures and education that we will be able to understand the place given to pedophilia. This study will close in a reflection about photography and cinema in order to emphasize the impact of these arts’ realism. We will therefore approach non-pornographic works of art that present existing but never recognized sexualities. These different aspects will enable us to fully understand the embarrassment provoked by pedophilia today, but also to recognize the place it is given, or not, within contemporary society.

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