The aims in this Straussian grounded theory inquiry were to gain better understanding of the meaning of spirituality and of the process of spiritual development in people living with HIV/AIDS in the Thai context. In Western contexts, spirituality has been described as the essence of human existence. However, in the Thai context, where Buddhist teachings underpin the understanding of life as body and mind, rather than as body, mind and spirit, the concept of spirituality is little understood by lay people. This gap in understanding called for an inductive approach to knowledge generation. HIV/AIDS is a life-altering and deeply stigmatized disease that results in significant distress and calls into question the meaning and purpose of life for many who are diagnosed with the disease. Nevertheless, some Thai people living with the disease successfully adjust their lives to their situation and are able to live with peace and harmony. These findings raise questions firstly as to the process by which those participants achieved peace and harmony despite the nature of the disease and the limited access to ARV drugs at the time of that study; and secondly as to whether or not the peace and harmony that they described could be linked to the Western concept of spirituality. Data were gathered from 33 participants from the South of Thailand, who had lived with HIV/AIDS for 5 years or more, were aged 18 years or older, and were willing and able to participate in this study. Purposive, snowball and theoretical sampling techniques were used to select participants. Data collection using in-depth interviews and participant observation methods was undertaken over a nine-month period in 2006. The process of data analysis was guided by Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory and resulted in the development of a substantive theory. The substantive theory of Achieving Harmony of Mind comprises two categories: struggling to survive and living life. Each category has two subcategories: encountering distress (tukjai) and overcoming distress (longjai), and accomplishing harmony in oneself and discovering an ultimate meaning in life respectively. The metaphor of ‘an eclipse’ was used to describe the process of the development of mind of people living with HIV/AIDS and represents the extent to which the individual’s mind is overshadowed by the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and its consequences. Diagnosis of this disease turns participants’ lives upside down. Yet selective disclosure of one’s HIV status, resulting in the receiving of support and connectedness with others, enables participants to find meaning and purpose in life that enables them to recover the will to live and to attempt to stabilise their lives by learning to live with HIV/AIDS. Most participants were able to adjust their mind to accept their new situation and find new self value enabling them to feel free from the shadow of HIV/AIDS and live life with HIV/AIDS as normal. Fewer participants found an ultimate meaning in life – consistent with Buddhist teachings about suffering and uncertainty, and the impermanence of life that links with an understanding of ‘nonself’ – that enabled them to obtain peace and harmony of mind (kwarmsa-ngobjai). It is this latter stage that represents spirituality in Buddhist terms. This form of spirituality differs significantly from that found in other religions because it does not involve an engagement with a divine and transcendent reality. The findings of this study enhance knowledge about spirituality in the Thai context, and provide a guide for health professionals and education curricula with the aim of achieving more holistic care for patients.

Under de senaste 50 åren har antalet depressiva individer ökat, och även då märkbart ökat bland den yngre generationen. Depression är en sjukdom karaktäriserad av en märkbart sänkt livskvalitet vilket sjuksköterskor bör försöka hjälpa patienten att återta och upprätthålla. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att sammanställa och belysa forskning gällande ungdomars upplevelser av att drabbas av, samt leva med, depression. Resultatet bygger på fem teman vilka framkommit i samband med analysen av ungdomarnas levda berättelser; känslan av att inte känna igen sig själv, känslan av att något inte står rätt till då den ovana sinnesstämningen inte vänder, känslan av att inte kunna hantera situationen på egen hand, upplevelsen av att ta tag i situationen – att söka hjälp samt behandling – Ungdomarnas reflektioner gällande insjuknandet. Ungdomarnas upplevelser i samband med sjukdomen är något vårdpersonal bör erhålla ökad kunskap om för att på så sätt kunna arbeta utifrån en mer omfattande individanpassad omvårdnad. / During the last 50 years the amount of depressed individuals has increased, and also noticeably increased among the younger generation. Depression is a disease characterized by a noticeably decreased quality of life which is something nurses should try helping the patient to recapture and maintain. The aim of this literature review is to put together and highlight research regarding adolescents’ experiences of being struck by, and living with, depression. The result is based on five themes which has emerged in connection with the analysis of adolescents’ lived stories: the feeling of not recognizing yourself, the feeling that something is not right when the unusual state of mind is not reversing, the feeling of not being able to handle the situation on your own, the experience of dealing with the situation - seeking help and also The adolescents reflections concerning the sickening. The adolescents’ experiences in relation to the disease is something all healthcare personal should gain more knowledge about to be able to work from a more comprehensive, individually adapted care.

No description available.

<p>Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancersjukdomen bland kvinnor i världen och i Sverige är risken att insjukna innan 75års ålder ca 10 %. Då en individ drabbas av en sjukdom förändras livet drastiskt från att vara frisk till att vara sjuk. Ofta innebär en diagnos att hela eller delar av bröstet behöver tas bort och detta kompletteras med läkemedel och behandlingar. Sjukdom är en subjektiv upplevelse och patienternas upplevelser och upplevda lidande grundar sig i känslor relaterat till sin sjukdom och diagnos. En människa är därmed så sjuk eller så frisk som den själv känner sig. Sjuksköterskan bör kunna uppmärksamma och möta patienternas individuella sjukdomsupplevelser, för att därefter ha en möjlighet att tillgodose patientens basala och specifika omvårdnadsbehov. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att belysa hur kvinnor upplever det att leva med bröstcancer, genom att analysera och sammanställa tidigare kvalitativ forskning enligt Fribergs (2006) beskrivning av kvalitativa litteraturstudier. Den här studiens resultat beskriver kvinnors individuella upplevelser av att leva med bröstcancer. Resultatet är beskrivet i två kategorier; lidande och mognad, samt nio subkategorier; hotad självbild, energilöshet, menopaus, informationsbehov, obehag och smärta, ensamhet, förstörd framtid samt andlighet och inre styrka. Resultatet visar att de individuella upplevelserna speglas av var kvinnorna är i sina liv och hur deras livssituationer såg ut innan de fick en fastställd diagnos. Resultatet visar dock också att kvinnorna i viss mån blev stärkta av motgångar, växte som människor och genom det gjorde omprioriteringar i sina liv. Sjuksköterskans fokus i sitt arbete bör därför ligga i att framförallt se kvinnornas individuella upplevelser och behov men även att stödja dem i deras bearbetningsprocess att nå inre styrka.</p> / <p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women in the world and the risk to get sick in Sweden before the age of 75 is one out of 10. When an individual get stroke by a disease life drastically changes from healthy to sick over night. Getting a breast cancer diagnosis often means you have to remove part of or the whole breast, and the procedure is complimented by treatments and medical products. Living with a disease is a unique individual experience and the patient’s experiences of suffering are related to feeling of the disease and the diagnosis. That means that a person isn’t sicker than he experiences himself to be. To be able to meet a patient’s basic and specific caring needs, the nurse must be aware of individual experiences of a disease, which this study result shows. The aim of this study is to describe women’s different experiences of living with breast cancer. The authors used a qualitative literature method based on Friberg (2006), analysing qualitative research and compiling it to a new result. The result shows individual experiences of living with breast cancer and it’s described in two categories;  suffering and  maturation and nine subcategories; threatened self-image, powerless, menopause, need of information, discomfort and pain, loneliness, destroyed future, spirituality and inner strength. As the result shows, every individual lived experience of an episode is a mirror of women’s life situations and where they were in life before getting a diagnosis. The result also shows that women somehow became strengthened through illnesses, grew as human beings and therefore reprioritize what’s important in life. The work of a nurse should focus on seeing women’s individual experiences and needs and through that support them through their coping strategies to reach their inner strength.</p>

<p>Under de senaste 50 åren har antalet depressiva individer ökat, och även då märkbart ökat bland den yngre generationen. Depression är en sjukdom karaktäriserad av en märkbart sänkt livskvalitet vilket sjuksköterskor bör försöka hjälpa patienten att återta och upprätthålla. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att sammanställa och belysa forskning gällande ungdomars upplevelser av att drabbas av, samt leva med, depression. Resultatet bygger på fem teman vilka framkommit i samband med analysen av ungdomarnas levda berättelser; <em>känslan av att inte känna igen sig själv, känslan av att något inte står rätt till då den ovana sinnesstämningen inte vänder, känslan av att inte kunna hantera situationen på egen hand, upplevelsen av att ta tag i situationen – att söka hjälp samt behandling – Ungdomarnas reflektioner gällande insjuknandet. Ungdomarnas upplevelser i samband med sjukdomen är något vårdpersonal bör erhålla ökad kunskap om för att på så sätt kunna arbeta utifrån en mer omfattande individanpassad omvårdnad. </em></p> / <p>During the last 50 years the amount of depressed individuals has increased, and also noticeably increased among the younger generation. Depression is a disease characterized by a noticeably decreased quality of life which is something nurses should try helping the patient to recapture and maintain. The aim of this literature review is to put together and highlight research regarding adolescents’ experiences of being struck by, and living with, depression. The result is based on five themes which has emerged in connection with the analysis of adolescents’ lived stories: <em>the feeling of not recognizing yourself, the feeling that something is not right when the unusual state of mind is not reversing, the feeling of not being able to handle the situation on your own, the experience of dealing with the situation - seeking help and also <em>The adolescents reflections concerning the sickening. The adolescents’ experiences in relation to the disease is something all healthcare personal should gain more knowledge about to be able to work from a more comprehensive, individually adapted care. </em></em></p>

Happy Hearts Automatic Referral (HHAR) was a program that referred heart failure (HF) patients to Transitional Care (TC) at Banner Health. The purpose of the human subject’s research was to examine the use of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure® questionnaire (MLHFQ) as a survey instrument to identify moderate quality of life (QOL) in patients living with HF. The most common referral to TC prior to the project was patients with poor QOL. The project explored the influence of earlier referrals to improve QOL for participants living with HF. The MLHFQ was chosen because it is a valid and reliable instrument specific to QOL. The HF population was chosen because the most commonly referred patients to interventions such as TC are those that pose the smallest risk for readmission, have the highest risk of readmission, or have the potential to demonstrate the most significant increase in QOL. By offering TC to patients with moderate QOL, an opportunity existed to reduce advancement into a population that is characteristic of high-risk readmissions. The project identified potential participants, then administered the MLHFQ, and scored it. When scores were between 26 and 45, participants were considered qualified participants for this project. Ideally, the patient would have been enrolled in TC for 30 days and the project would have administered another MLHFQ at completion of 30 days of TC to evaluate a change in QOL; however, due to the short-term nature of this project the TC content and follow-up administration of the MLHFQ was not evaluated. Also, while this project was taking place the TC team at Banner Health was not accepting new patients. A human subject’s research approach was applied and examined the responses to the MLHFQ from a small sample of five moderate QOL participants and described the expected responses for improved QOL if a second MLHFQ was to be administered following TC. Specifically items 1, 7, 8, 14, and 19 were examined to discuss how TC interventions might have improved scores on these items. The project concluded by describing how future cycles should be completed for further research.

Myleom är en cancersjukdom som uppkommer i benmärgen. I Sverige insjuknar ungefär 500-600 personer i myelom per år. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att med hjälp av de sex dimensionerna av smärta belysa upplevelsen av att leva med sjukdomen myelom. Studien genomfördes utifrån en teoretisk referensram. För att få en helhetsbild av individernas upplevelser av sjukdomen redovisas resultatet utifrån sex dimensioner av smärta. Resultatet visar att individer med myelom får ett inskränkt socialt liv, förändrade vanor och både fysisk och psykisk ohälsa. Individerna påverkas av smärta, trötthet och upprepade infektioner som orsakas av ett nedsatt immunförsvar. Då kunskap om sjukdomen i samhället är begränsad får individer med myelom minskad förståelse när det gäller sjukdomsbilden. För att sjuksköterskan skall få förståelse för individerna och deras livskvalitet krävs en adekvat smärtbedömning, som bör beröra hur individen påverkas av sin sjukdom i det vardagliga livet. Mer forskning kring sjukdomen, behandlingar och mediciner behövs och det vore önskvärt om målet vore att sjukdomen skall kunna botas. / Multiple myeloma is a cancer illness that arises in the bone marrow. In Sweden 500-600 people per year get diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The purpose of the literature study was to highlight the experiences of individuals with multiple myeloma through the six dimension of pain. The study is based on a theoretical frame of reference. To get at overall picture of the individuals experiences of living with multiple myeloma, the result was described through the six dimensions of pain. The result shows that multiple myeloma patient´s social life becomes reduced, their habit changes and booth their physical and psychological health reduces. Pain, fatigue and infections caused by lower immune system affects the individuals. The knowledge of the illness in society is trivial and this makes the understanding for people with multiple myeloma and their illness slight. A proper pain assessment is necessary for the nurse to complete, to get a full understanding about the individuals and their quality of life. More research about the illness, treatments and medications is needed and the goal should be to cure the disease.

Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancersjukdomen bland kvinnor i världen och i Sverige är risken att insjukna innan 75års ålder ca 10 %. Då en individ drabbas av en sjukdom förändras livet drastiskt från att vara frisk till att vara sjuk. Ofta innebär en diagnos att hela eller delar av bröstet behöver tas bort och detta kompletteras med läkemedel och behandlingar. Sjukdom är en subjektiv upplevelse och patienternas upplevelser och upplevda lidande grundar sig i känslor relaterat till sin sjukdom och diagnos. En människa är därmed så sjuk eller så frisk som den själv känner sig. Sjuksköterskan bör kunna uppmärksamma och möta patienternas individuella sjukdomsupplevelser, för att därefter ha en möjlighet att tillgodose patientens basala och specifika omvårdnadsbehov. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att belysa hur kvinnor upplever det att leva med bröstcancer, genom att analysera och sammanställa tidigare kvalitativ forskning enligt Fribergs (2006) beskrivning av kvalitativa litteraturstudier. Den här studiens resultat beskriver kvinnors individuella upplevelser av att leva med bröstcancer. Resultatet är beskrivet i två kategorier; lidande och mognad, samt nio subkategorier; hotad självbild, energilöshet, menopaus, informationsbehov, obehag och smärta, ensamhet, förstörd framtid samt andlighet och inre styrka. Resultatet visar att de individuella upplevelserna speglas av var kvinnorna är i sina liv och hur deras livssituationer såg ut innan de fick en fastställd diagnos. Resultatet visar dock också att kvinnorna i viss mån blev stärkta av motgångar, växte som människor och genom det gjorde omprioriteringar i sina liv. Sjuksköterskans fokus i sitt arbete bör därför ligga i att framförallt se kvinnornas individuella upplevelser och behov men även att stödja dem i deras bearbetningsprocess att nå inre styrka. / Breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women in the world and the risk to get sick in Sweden before the age of 75 is one out of 10. When an individual get stroke by a disease life drastically changes from healthy to sick over night. Getting a breast cancer diagnosis often means you have to remove part of or the whole breast, and the procedure is complimented by treatments and medical products. Living with a disease is a unique individual experience and the patient’s experiences of suffering are related to feeling of the disease and the diagnosis. That means that a person isn’t sicker than he experiences himself to be. To be able to meet a patient’s basic and specific caring needs, the nurse must be aware of individual experiences of a disease, which this study result shows. The aim of this study is to describe women’s different experiences of living with breast cancer. The authors used a qualitative literature method based on Friberg (2006), analysing qualitative research and compiling it to a new result. The result shows individual experiences of living with breast cancer and it’s described in two categories;  suffering and  maturation and nine subcategories; threatened self-image, powerless, menopause, need of information, discomfort and pain, loneliness, destroyed future, spirituality and inner strength. As the result shows, every individual lived experience of an episode is a mirror of women’s life situations and where they were in life before getting a diagnosis. The result also shows that women somehow became strengthened through illnesses, grew as human beings and therefore reprioritize what’s important in life. The work of a nurse should focus on seeing women’s individual experiences and needs and through that support them through their coping strategies to reach their inner strength.

It is presently a general conception that marriages are fast going out of fashion. This tendency is blamed on the high divorce rate all over the world. It is also believed that marriages are not the only accepted ways of having relationships. In order to counsel couples effectively in marriage therapy, the basic building blocks of a marriage have to be kept in mind. The current pre-marital counselling programs are lacking in their ability to create stronger marriages. The following encompassing research question arose: How can emotional oneness concerning newlyweds be improved through the following Scriptural guidelines for leaving of parents (Gen 2:24), cleaving (Gen 2:24) and becoming one (Gen 2:24)? The methodology used was as follows: In Chapter 2, basic-theoretical perspectives were formulated on how the Word of God explains the importance of leaving, cleaving and becoming one in the process of becoming emotionally one. The basic-theoretical perspectives were constructed based upon detailed exegesis of Genesis 2:24, as well as cursory exegesis of other relevant passages. In Chapter 3, meta-theoretical perspectives were formulated by making use of a literature study of the associated disciplines of Physiology, Psychology, Sociology and Law, with specific reference to emotions and marriage itself. An empirical study indicated that there is a real necessity for a good descriptive definition of emotional oneness. In Chapter 4, practical-theoretical guidelines were given as a result of the hermeneutical interaction between the basic-theoretical principles and the metatheoretical perspectives. Five practical guidelines were formulated to characterize an emotional oneness marriage. In Chapter 5, the researcher finally concludes that the process of leaving, cleaving and becoming one is a continuous process. It is only possible through the help of the Holy Spirit and where both newlyweds are willing to work on their marriage. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to describe female adult children's experiences when they return to the parental home to live, and to develop theory to explain the processes and consequences involved in the return to the parental home. Primary data sources included 1 1/2 hour audiotaped, semi-structured interviews with 15 female adult children who had returned to the parental home to live. Other sources of data included individual and conjoint interviews with parents and daughters from a subset of four families, and field notes about the interviews. Grounded theory methodology (Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 1998) was used. Transcribed interviews were systematically analyzed to develop a theoretical model, in which the core social and psychological process was labelled "regrouping." In response to life events and personal choices, women return to the parental home to regroup--to recuperate, reenergize, contemplate and pursue lifeplans. Their intention is to enhance personal well-being and to secure a better quality life in the future. Regrouping is embedded in the life context of female adult children's specific life-events and choices, living environments, family and social relationships, and sociocultural scripts -- all conditions that can hinder or facilitate the process. Regrouping is a cyclical rather than a linear process. Female adult children who had returned to the parental home did not experience a simple, uncomplicated linear forward movement towards attaining valued personal goals. Rather, they experienced an oscillating pattern of “faltering” and "advancing" in their efforts to realize valued goals. This experience has implications for the development of a fluctuating sense of self or self-image, the fulfilment of personal goals, the quality of the experience as positive or negative, and for family relations. The contribution of the theoretical model to the literature is the discovery that returning home in adulthood may be a strategy for managing change and transition in one's life and for attaining certain lifespan development tasks (e.g., individuating from parents, establishing a career, and attaining financial security). Implications for counselling practice, and the self-help needs of adults who have returned home to live are noted. Suggestions for facilitating returning adult children's personal development (i.e., clarifying personal goals, weighing the pros and cons of returning and remaining at the parental home, maintaining self-esteem, seeking social support) and facilitating family relations . (i.e, having realistic expectations of parents, being sensitive to mothers, negotiating privacy and boundaries, managing cross-cultural dynamics) are discussed. It is suggested that future research extend the application of the theory to men, as well as more diverse ethnic groups.