Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 14, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. Paris : Universit́e V, 1975.

Zugl.: Düsseldorf, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2006.

In bidding to host the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the London bid committee promised a range of ambitious legacies. Planning for legacy pre-Games was a relatively new aspect of event planning (Leopkey & Parent, 2009). For the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) and the Department of Culture Media and Sport (DCMS), the sporting legacy from London 2012 was intended to be experienced across Britain. As such, a significant impact was expected on the sporting lives of people in non-host areas. To this extent it seems entirely appropriate, therefore, to examine the attempts to establish a ‘legacy’ in a city outside of London. Birmingham, one of the most populated cities in the UK, is therefore the focus of this study. The aim of this project was to investigate the legacy experiences of those delivering sport in Birmingham prior to, and soon after, the Games. This research was conducted from a figurational approach. A case study design was used to provide a detailed insight into a complex network of people and their perceptions that influence sport policy and development. The methods employed within this case study include documentary analysis of national policy documents and semi-structured interviews with key personnel in Birmingham. Interviews were conducted in the months prior to the Games and follow-up telephone interviews several months after the Games.

This quantitative explorative, descriptive study described factors that influenced absenteeism among nurses in a selected NHS hospital in London. The survey used self-completion questionnaires. Roy’s Adaptation Model was used to contextualise the results obtained from fifty completed questionnaires. Four modes used to categorise the data analysis were physiological needs, self-concept, and role function and interdependence relations. Minor ailments, upper respiratory tract infections and exhaustion as a result of working long hours were found to be the most important causes of absenteeism. Parental responsibilities and taking care of sick children/family members, further influenced rates of absenteeism, while a high workload was considered by respondents as a major contributing factor to their absence from work. Nurses who are often absent due to physical, social or psychological problems should receive counselling and be referred to appropriate resource persons such as occupational nurses, social workers or psychologists. Child care facilities should be provided within the workplace. The units should have adequate staff to cover each shift and workloads should be manageable. Units need ongoing monitoring of absenteeism so that factors contributing to absenteeism rates in specific units could be identified and addressed. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

From Preface: Although East London exists today as one of the major ports of South Africa, the city appears to have been forgotten by historians. Little has been done to chronicle its history. In 1932, Bruce Gordon set out to initiate this research and he investigated East London's history to the end of 1865. However, Gordon's thesis, though accurate, is short and inadequate by today's standards. Furthermore, no-one continued from where Gordon left off. Several articles have been written over the previous six decades, each dealing with aspects of East London's past but these, on the whole, are inaccurate and misleading. The time is ripe, therefore, to begin again the research into the history of East London. East London owed its foundation to the state of unrest which existed on the eastern frontier of the Cape of Good Hope between 1834 and 1847. Although the geographic and climatic conditions were in the port's favour, East London remained in a suppressed condition until about 1870. It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the factors which gave rise to this truncated growth. The thesis will examine first the wider perspective of imperial and colonial policy in which East London was conceived and in which it had its early existence. The implications of this policy for East London at the various levels of the port's development will be explored in subsequent chapters. British and Cape colonial policy, however, evolved in a chronological sequence and so the examination of this policy likewise will tend to follow a chronological pattern within each chapter. The establishment of Port Rex in November/December 1836 enters into East London's story in several ways: its political development, the creation and development of the harbour on the Buffalo River, the evolution of trade, the growth of the community and the status of the black population at the mouth of the Buffalo River. It has been found necessary, therefore, to refer often to this beginning of East London's history. Although several theses have already been written which deal with topics related to British Kaffraria, none of these do more than allude to the creation and development of East London. Although, for example, the German Settlers played an important role in the growth of the port, Schnell's thesis hardly mentions the two communities at Panmure and Cambridge. The research for this thesis led me to two important and little known sources of early information, both in Cape Town. The first was the multiple volumed "Unsorted Archives" on East London which consists of reports and letters to the Resident Magistrate. It is a treasure chest of information on East London's early years. The second source was G.M. Theal's newspapers, The Kaffrarian Recorder and East London Shipping Gazette and, later, The Kaffrarian, East London's second newspaper which was believed to have been lost until copies were discovered recently in the South African Library in Cape Town. Theal, later prominent as a historian, had a clear insight into the problems which confronted the community at East London and the editorials of his newspaper make interesting reading. East London's first newspaper is, unfortunately, still lost. It was the East London Times which had its first issue in January 1863, and lasted a mere two months. It consisted of half a sheet of foolscap printed on one side, the other side being left blank, the editor of the King William's Town Gazette wrote, "'for want of room' or from lack of matter."

Along the South African coast between Cape Town and Durban, a distance of 822 miles, are the two major ports, Port Elizabeth and East London. These two ports, rivals in some ways, have histories that are closely linked. Their harbours have been built at two of the most favourable spots along a coastline poorly endowed with natural harbours. East London, the fourth harbour of the Union of South Africa, is the only river port of any consequence, and had to win the mechanical fight against nature and the fight against prejudice that contended that her position was too close to a troublesome frontier. After a hundred years of growth, East London is a mature town, with the residential and industrial areas clearly defined. Her expansion will be along the lines of planned zoning. (2) Her population in 1950 was 910,195 of which 43,195 were European and 39,698 Native. Besides being a port, East London is a prominent holiday resort and, of recent years, is developing as an industrial town. A striking feature is the clean aspect of the town. Those two "miracles" of South Africa, the discovery of diamonds and the discovery of gold, stimulated the growth of East London; especially the discovery of diamonds since Kimberley was about 450 miles from this, its nearest harbour. But the river mouth at East London had very little natural advantage over the other river mouths along the coast. There was at the Buffalo Mouth no outstanding, decisive merit. In many matters, such as the railway, the bridge, the water supply, there was doubt, uncertainty and bickering, with subsequent decisions to shelve the latter or make use of a temporary expedient, because there were many mediocre alternatives but none which was supremely suitable. In 1852, Bishop Gray wrote, "East London ... .has as few natural advantages as any place I have seen claiming to be a port. I could have walked across the river without getting wet above the knee." Intro., p. i-ii.