The pace at which change is occurring in the life of human beings, due to technological advancement, could be described as logarithmic. This fast-paced change is not just of consequence to the individual, but to countries, governments, companies, big and small systems like villages and sports clubs and the like, as well. This study case was inspired by the fact that what was a little-known threat yesterday, could suddenly become a crippling matter. It is, therefore, critical for individuals and businesses to consider risk not just in the usual context but with an open mind. This is especially true for systems in the Third World or developing nations where evolutionary stages of advancement and development are known to have been skipped due to forced or influenced adoption by the advanced or First World dictates. An example is the adoption of Carbon Emission Minimisa tion Pacts that have also been mooted for developing nations, even though their participation in causing the past Industrial Revolution pollution was minimal. A small operation in the Eastern Cape may, today, see no need to attract an overseas customer, not realising that the local customer may enter a merger or be bought out by an international organisation which would demand international protocols on the local supplier. Such is the risk with Globalisation. Local businesses should embrace global competitive practices for sustainability in the global business arena that is surely upon the business place today and the short term. South African businesses are no longer protected by the country borders, or the government and political systems such as the apartheid-born sanctions and tariff regimes. The objective of this study of Legionella bacteria risk management by business firms in the Eastern Cape (East London and Border Areas) is to obtain an insight into how they fare on one of the risks that, in Europe, is legislated and, in many parts of the First World, is regarded as fundamental. Beside the globalisation issues mentioned above, the South African workforce has been noted as highly affected by HIV and TB, which are symptomatic of people susceptible to Legionnaire‟s Disease. The high cost and skills shortage in the South African industry demand great care in order to prevent further loss, due to sick absenteeism or the death of workers. The study included a comprehensive literature review of issues around Legionella bacteria in industrial operations and how ill effects could be prevented and managed. A questionnaire was then drawn up and used to check for awareness, capability and ascertain what motivational factors could influence Legionella risk management by businesses in the geographical study area. All businesses with facilities utilising water cooling towers, safety showers, waste water treatment plants, humidifier air conditioning and water fountains, were presented with the questionnaire. A 56 percent return was achieved and responses were processed and analysed using Microsoft Excel on a Windows XP computer package. The findings showed that there was a poor awareness of Legionella bacteria and the risk they posed, a factor that may be used to explain the poor questionnaire returns. The capability assessment also showed a weak status. Legislation, proof of outbreak and fines were determined as effective would-be motivators for full Legionella risk management. The study concluded with recommendations for awareness programmes by interested bodies like the Legionella Action Group, Department of Labour and companies providing Legionella consulting services. While legislation and, therefore, fines, were not yet applied in South Africa, the drive for employee and community welfare should be adequate motivating factors for businesses to manage Legionella risk. Foreign capital inflow into the South African economy was also a factor that should be considered by businesses that looked to expand and need to access these funds through mergers or acquisitions. These funds would require financial as well as technical audits that show adequate risk protection.

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Christopher Isherwood’s 1938 autobiographical novel Lions and Shadows is often read in light of its subtitle as the story of “an education in the ‘twenties.” Yet Isherwood’s early work is more than a simple interwar bildungsroman. Lions and Shadows is a narratively complicated account of a privileged, queer youth in interwar England and an exposition of the effects of the Great War on an entire generation. The autobiographical novel provides veiled descriptions of the queer cultures of Cambridge and London in the 1920s, and records the early artistic development of several members of what has come to be called “The Auden Generation,” including Edward Upward, W.H. Auden, and Stephen Spender. In this project, I explore how and why Christopher Isherwood obscures his sexuality in Lions and Shadows, looking in particular at his friendships with Edward Upward and W.H. Auden and at the fictional work that the former friendship produced, The Mortmere Stories. Chapter 1 provides background information on homosexuality in England during Isherwood’s lifetime, focusing on how class and privilege affect the experience and expression of homosexuality. Chapter 2 analyzes the obsession with the Great War that pervades Lions and Shadows, concentrating on how the Great War affected ideas of masculinity and male sexuality. Finally, Chapter 3 explores the relationship between Isherwood’s social and sexual discomfort and the production and content of The Mortmere Stories, which tend to poke fun at sexual foibles and the proclivities of the upper classes. / text

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No description available.

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<p>Nursing is a high-risk profession for the development of musculoskeletal problems and low back pain (LBP) in particular. Currently there is limited information available for the prevalence of LBP among the South African nursing population and no evidence on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about the prevention and self-treatment principles for LBP among this group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about the prevention and self-treatment principles for LBP among nursing staff in Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London Hospital Complex. The study found that the majority of the participants experienced LBP on a regular basis.</p>

Syftet med denna uppsats var att främst undersöka vad för brottspreventiv effekt kameraövervakning har. Vid sidan om detta huvudsyfte skulle den personliga integriteten och de lagliga aspekterna också undersökas samt deras betydelse. Städerna London och Stockholm valdes som fokuspunkter. Kameraövervakningens tidsperiod begränsades till 2002-2011 och brottskategorierna till misshandel, rån och vandalism.Metoden med vilken arbetet genomfördes var teoretisk (litteraturbaserad). Empirin bestod därför förutom kriminalstatistik av böcker, rapporter och artiklar vilka analysen baserades på.London centrerades i arbetet eftersom att deras statistik bygger på kameraövervakning och Stockholm agerade som en kontrollmall för att verifiera eller falsifiera övervakningens brottspreventiva verkan då Stockholm inte hade någon kameraövervakningsstatistik.I resultatdelen framgick att de anmälda misshandelsbrotten i London hade minskat svagt och att de hade ökat i Stockholm. De anmälda rånen hade minskat i London och Stockholm. Londons anmälda vandalismbrott hade däremot minskat kraftigt medan de hade ökat i Stockholm. Displacement (brottsförflyttning) belystes och hur det är sammankopplat med kameraövervakningens brottspreventiva effekt. Risken för mätfel och dess uppkomst togs också upp i kritiskt ändamål.I diskussionsdelen fördes teoretiska resonemang med rational choice teorin, rutinaktivitetsteorin och CPTED-modellen. Slutsatsen som drogs var att kameraövervakning har haft en brottspreventiv effekt för alla tre brottskategorier, dock inte lika mycket för alla tre. Samtidigt fördes en kritisk diskussion om displacement (brottsförflyttning) vilket kan förekomma och dess spridning, i syfte att ifrågasätta tillförlitligheten av kameraövervakningens effekt på brottsnivåerna.

From the earliest Christian missionary endeavours, when St. Paul made himself to become "all things to all men" (1 Cor. 9:19-22), Christian missionaries have avowed the principle of 'identification' - the sympathetic adaptation of one's behaviour and message to the culture within which one engages in missiop. But the precise nature of this 'identification' seems to have undergone significant changes as the 'Christian' West came to dominate the rest of the world idealogically, politically, and economically. Utilizing representative sources of the period, this study attempts to portray missionary identification as it was understood and practiced by Protestant missionaries between 1860 and 1910. The record is examined at several levels: Anglo-American Missionary Conference reports are used to paint the broad picture of missionary attitudes and concerns; the London Missionary Society - with special reference to its activities and personnel in Central Africa and Central China - serves to fill in the details of the larger canvas. The result depicts Protestant missionaries of the time as having been so enmeshed in European civilization as to preclude any significant adaptation to non-Western life - in either theory or practice. Materially, socially, politically, economically, educationally, and religiously, the missionary remained a European. Even in the linguistic sphere, missionary identification came gradually to mean the instruction of natives in the English language. While exceeding any degree of identification which might have been attempted or achieved by any other group of Westerners (such as adventurers, explorers, merchants, colonists, and colonial officials), missionary identification was severely truncated by the powerful press and pull of their own Eurocentrism, and by their self-conscious awareness that they were the incarnation of European superiority in virtually every sphere.