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Historians of crime and the criminal justice system have largely neglected the summary process. While an important theme of previous work on the history of crime has been concerned with the use of law, most research has focused on the jury courts of assize and quarter sessions and has used records from provincial England. When summary proceedings have been considered attention has mostly focused on the prosecution of specific offences. By focusing on the summary courts of the City of London this work offers both a summary and a metropolitan dimension to this debate. We know relatively little about the nature of summary courts in this period and whether they are best seen as criminal or civil proceedings: this study addresses that issue throughout. Despite the size and importance of London to eighteenth-century English society we have very few studies of its criminal justice system in this period. The research presented here extends our knowledge of petty crime and its prosecution in the late Hanoverian capital. Using the large number of minute books that have survived for the City summary courts as a basis, this dissertation takes both a quantitative and qualitative approach and examines: the position of these courts within the criminal justice system of London; the networks of policing and watching that served the City; the nature and prosecution of property and violent crime; and the regulation of trade, morality and everyday life in the City of London. In doing so it reveals that, in the City of London, participation in the law at the summary level was extensive and touched all classes of the population. It was at the summary level that most people experienced the law in eighteenth century. As such the summary courts operated as a filter to the wider criminal justice system. The law was also used by a much wider range of people - including many women - than some previous histories have allowed. This thesis therefore supports recent work that has suggested that the criminal justice system was not a rigid tool of an elite class. However, it also concludes that in the City of London the summary courts were an integral part of a wider disciplinary network that regulated everyday life in the capital. Indeed, the City emerges as a highly regulated urban centre in this period. Throughout it argues that discretion and negotiation were at the heart of the summary process and that these were by nature civil rather than criminal courts

The contemporary fine art auction house is a space where aesthetics and commerce merge into a spectacular experience. Sotheby's, London is one example of an auction house turned entertainment space, which masks its blatant capitalist tendencies through the replication of validated cultural institutions. The auction house mimics museum and theatre space in order to create a legitimate social and cultural experience for its clients. Every aspect of the auction event is choreographed to generate demand for its art and an authentic experience for its patrons. Individuals with the approved educational and economical background have access to these constructed locations, and attend the auction performance to purchase social status in conjunction with the art. As a result of this, Sotheby's effectively transforms economic capital into class acceptance through its spectacular space and legitimized cultural events.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of English, General Literature and Rhetoric, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 387-418).

Thesis (M.A. in history)--Washington State University, May 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 26, 2009). "Department of History." Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-81).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-18T13:26:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_FILLIPE_CESAR_07884743400.pdf: 6203092 bytes, checksum: 87063a6e43a5b0451757c513e7255e3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T13:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_FILLIPE_CESAR_07884743400.pdf: 6203092 bytes, checksum: 87063a6e43a5b0451757c513e7255e3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / CNPq / O avan¸co tecnol´ogico tem permitido a constru¸c˜ao de sistemas supercondutores de baixas dimensionalidades, da ordem do comprimento de coerˆencia, ξ, e/ou comprimento de penetra¸c˜ao, λ. Esses sistemas s˜ao chamados de supercondutores mesosc ´opicos, onde se ´e capaz de alcan¸car correntes e campos cr´ıticos mais elevados. Dependendo do tamanho do supercondutor mesosc´opico, configura¸c˜oes de mol´eculas de v´ortices s˜ao obtidas tanto experimentalmente, como teoricamente usando a teoria de GL e a teoria de London. Nesse trabalho, utilizaremos o m´etodo variacional aplicado `a teoria de Ginzburg-Landau e a teoria de London para estudar v´ortices em discos supercondutores finos em campo magn´etico externo homogˆeneo e confinados em um potencial produzido por um dipolo magn´etico, respectivamente. Estudamos, inicialmente, discos supercondutores mesosc´opicos imersos em um meio isolante na presen¸ca de um campo magn´etico uniforme perpendicular ao plano do disco. Desprezamos os efeitos de desmagnetiza¸c˜ao e expandimos o parˆametro de ordem em fun¸c˜oes ortonormais do operador energia cin´etica. Para a obten¸c˜ao de v´ortices gigantes, representamos o parˆametro de ordem por apenas uma autofun¸c˜ao. Para estados de multiv´ortices, o parˆametro de ordem ´e representado como uma expans ˜A £o de duas autofun¸c˜oes, com vorticidades distintas. Observamos o comportamento da varia¸c˜ao da energia livre em fun¸c˜ao do campo magn´etico aplicado, para diversos tamanhos de discos supercondutores, acompanhando seus estados mais favor ´aveis. Na segunda parte da disserta¸c˜ao, estudamos a disposi¸c˜ao dos v´ortices e antiv´ortices confinados em um disco supercondutor atrav´es de campo magn´etico n˜ao homogˆeneo gerado por um dipolo magn´etico na dire¸c˜ao do eixo de simetria do disco, que possibilita a coexistˆencia de v´ortices e antiv´ortices, com diferentes configura¸c˜oes poss´ıveis. Para obtermos os estados com menor energia dentre as possibildades testadas, utilizamos como parˆametro de controle trˆes vari´aveis: a distˆancia radial ao eixo de simetria do dipolo, r0, a altura do dipolo em rela¸c˜ao ao disco, z0, e a magnitude do dipolo magn´etico, m0. Buscamos o valor da magnitude do dipolo no qual o estado sem v´ortices deixa de ser o metaest´avel, permitindo a existˆencia de estados com v´ortices. Os resultados mostram uma competi¸c˜ao entre o potencial de confinamento, efeitos produzidos pela borda do supercondutor e a intera¸c˜ao entre v´ortices, para manter os v´ortices e antiv´ortices no interior do disco. / Technological breakthroughs have allowed the construction of superconducting systems in low dimensionalities, which are of the order of the coherence length, ξ, and/or of the penetration depht, λ. These systems are called mesoscopic superconductors, which are capable of achieving high critical current and fields. Depending on the size of the mesoscopic superconducting, configurations of vortices molecules are obtained either experimentally or theoretically using the GL theory and the theory of London. In the present work, we apply the variational method to the Ginzburg- Landau theory and also the London theory to study vortices in thin superconductors disks submitted to an inhomogeneous magnetic field and confined to a potential produced by a magnetic dipole, respectively. We studied initially mesoscopic superconducting disks immersed in a insulation mean in the presence of a uniform magnetic field which is perpendicular to the plane of the disk. We neglect the demagnetization effects and expand the order parameter in orthonormal functions of the kinetic energy operator. To obtain giant vortices, the order parameter has only one eigenfunction. For multivortex states, the order parameter consists of two eigenfunctions, with different vorticities. We study the behaviour of free energy variation due to the applied magnetic field for different sizes of superconductor disks, and for different vortex states. In the second part of the dissertation, we study the arrangement of vortices and antivortices in a superconducting disk submitted to a non-homogeneous magnetic field generated by an out-plane magnetic dipole, which allows the coexistence of vortices and antivortices on different configurations. To get the states with lowest energy among the tested possibilities, we used three variables as control parameters: the radial distance from the disk symmetry axis to the dipole axis of symmetry, r0, the height of the dipole relative to the disc, z0, and the magnitude of the magnetic dipole, m0. We seek the value of the magnitude of the dipole in which the state with no vortices ceases to be the most stable one, allowing the existence of states with vortices. The results show a competition among the confinement potential, effects produced by the edge of the superconductor, and the interaction between vortices to keep the vortices and antivortices within the disc.