Orientador: Carlos Arturo Levi D'Ancona / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perissinotto_MariaCarolinaRamos_D.pdf: 1870557 bytes, checksum: a3f8aae56bf22e41993fdf4017268274 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Introdução: A doença de Parkinson é uma doença neurológica degenerativa de causa desconhecida que leva a alterações motoras em decorrência da diminuição dos neurotransmissores de dopamina na substância nigraestriatal. Distúrbios miccionais acometem de 37% a 70% dos pacientes com esta doença. A eletroestimulação do nervo tibial posterior é uma opção no tratamento dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da referida eletroestimulação na sintomatologia do trato urinário inferior em pacientes com doença de Parkinson. Métodos: A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo controlado randomizado, pela qual foram 96 pacientes com diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson com queixas de sintomas do trato urinário inferior, os quais foram alocados em dois grupos: grupo tratamento e grupo sham. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados através de escalas específicas para a doença de Parkinson, como a Unified Parkinson's Diseases Rating Scale, nos quais preencheram os questionários de qualidade de vida, de incontinência urinária e de bexiga hiperativa, através dos quais foi realizado o estudo urodinâmico. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas pré e pós-tratamento e a técnica utilizada foi a eletroestimulação do nervo tibial posterior durante dez sessões, duas vezes por semana com duração de 30 minutos cada sessão. O grupo de tratamento realizou esta eletroestimulação e o outro grupo, o procedimento sham. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos ao final do tratamento foi que o grupo de tratamento relatou melhora significativa nos sintomas urinários de urgência e noctúria em comparação ao grupo sham. Urgência (p=0,0047), entre os grupos (100,0% grupo de tratamento, 12,5% grupo sham) e noctúria no grupo de tratamento entre os tempos pré e pós (p=0,0156) (4,0 pré - 2,0 pós). Na análise da qualidade de vida, ocorreu uma melhora significativa no score total do questionário International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire no grupo de tratamento entre os tempos pré e pós (p=0,0191) (7,0 pré - 4,0 pós), e no questionário Overactive Bladder Questionnaire no mesmo grupo entre os tempos (p=0,0144) (29,0 pré - 21,5 pós). No estudo urodinâmico, houve melhora significativa no grupo de tratamento entre o tempo pré e pós no primeiro desejo (mediana 150 pré -185 ml pós) (p=0.0056) e volume urgência (mediana 200 pré -285 ml pós) (p= 0.0014). Conclusão: O tratamento com a eletroestimulação do nervo tibial posterior se mostrou uma técnica capaz de melhoras na sintomatologia do trato urinário inferior em pacientes com doença de Parkinson, tais como a redução da urgência e da noctúria, proporcionando, assim, melhora na qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Novos estudos são necessários para aprofundar a eficácia desta técnica em pacientes com doença de Parkinson / Abstract: Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurologic disorder caused by neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic. Lower urinary tract symptoms, are non-motor symptoms that occur in 37% to 70% of patients throughout the course of the disease and negatively affect the Quality of Life of these patients. Aims: Evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation on treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Randomized controlled trial, twenty three patients with a diagnosis of parkinson's disease and lower urinary tract symptoms, were randomized in two groups: PNTS group (GI) and group sham (GII). Evaluation included, urinary symptoms, Unified Parkinson's Diseases Rating Scale, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire questionnaire and the urodynamic study, all evaluation were performed pre and post PNTS. GI intervention consisted on PNTS and GII received a sham treatment with effective stimulation. Results: At the end of the treatment the GI present's significant improvement in storage and voiding symptoms than GII. There were significant differences on the symptoms of urgency (p=0.0047) between group (100.0% GI, 12.5% GII). In nocturia occurs an improvement pre and post PNTS in GI (p=0.0156) (4.0 pre - 2.0 post). Quality of life analyses there were significant differences on questionnaire, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, GI pre and post PNTS (p=0.0191) (7.0 pre - 4.0 post) and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire, GI pre and post PNTS (p=0.0144) (29.0 pre - 21.5 post). There were statistical difference in the urodynamic study pre and post PNTS in group I in volume stronge desire (median 150 pre -185ml post) (p=0.0056) and volume urgency (Median 200 pre-285 ml post) (p= 0.0014). Conclusion: PNTS is an option in the treatment of Lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with diagnosis of parkinson's disease, contributing to reduce urgency and nocturia and improving Quality of life score. This pilot study shows a good response in treat patients with parkinson's disease and Lower urinary tract symptoms, further study should be perform to provide evidence of the potential therapeutic effects / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutora em Ciências

Introduction: No studies to date have assessed the efficacy/tolerability of degarelix in the relief of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to prostate cancer (PrCa). Methods: Patients were randomised to degarelix 240/80 mg or goserelin 3.6 mg + bicalutamide flare protection (G+B); both treatments were administered for 3 months. The primary endpoint was change in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at week 12 compared with baseline. Results: This study was stopped early due to recruitment difficulties. 40 patients received treatment (degarelix n = 27; G+B n = 13); most had locally advanced disease and were highly symptomatic. Degarelix was non-inferior to G+B in reducing IPSS at week 12 in the full analysis set (p = 0.20); the significantly larger IPSS reduction in the per-protocol analysis (p = 0.04) was suggestive of superior reductions with degarelix. Significantly more degarelix patients had improved quality of life (IPSS question) at week 12 (85 vs. 46%; p = 0.01). Mean prostate size reductions at week 12 were 42 versus 25% for patients receiving degarelix versus G+B, respectively (p = 0.04; post hoc analysis). Most adverse events were mild/moderate; more degarelix patients experienced injection site reactions whereas more G+B patients had urinary tract infections/cystitis. Conclusion: In 40 men with predominantly locally advanced PrCa and highly symptomatic LUTS, degarelix was at least non-inferior to G+B in reducing IPSS at week 12.

Detta kandidatexamensarbete som utförts på uppdrag av ST-läkare i urologi Per Nordlund hade målet att bygga en urinflödesmätare. Eftersökta mätvärden att registrera var tidpunkt för miktionstillfället, mängden urin per tidsenhet (ml/s), flödesmönster, total mikterad volym (ml) samt miktionstid (sek). Urinflödesmätaren syftar till att förbättra initial bedömning samt uppföljning av personer med vattenkastningssvårigheter, en vanlig orsak till sjukvårdskontakt hos svenska män. För utvärdering av patienters vattenkastning ombeds patienten idag själv registrera och mäta urinvolym, en metod som ofta innebär besvär för patienten och kan innehålla inkomplett och felaktig data. Vid urologmottagningar ges möjligheten att elektroniskt mäta urinflöde och volym. Då en stor variation över dygn och miktionstillfälle föreligger kan en felaktig bild över symtom presenteras. Detta har gett upphov till idén att skapa en urinflödesmätare vars uppgift är att automatisera mätningsprocessen i hemmet.  Arbetet utfördes genom att programmera en Arduino mikrokontroller samt användning av en flödessensor. Flödessensorns konstruktion bestod av en magnet, halleffektsensor samt en turbin. Halleffektsensorns uppgift var att mäta det elektriska fältet som uppstår då magneten som sitter på flödessensorns turbin roterar. Genom att utnyttja turbinrotationen kan bland annat volym beräknas. Arbetet har även inneburit användning av Python med syftet att spara det mätvärde från mikrokontrollern i en CSV fil som kan öppnas av en vårdgivare med applikationer som Excel. / This bachelor's degree project which was carried out on behalf of Per Nordlund, urology resident, had the goal of building a urine flow meter. The sought-after values to register each time of the micturition; the amount of urine per unit time (ml/ s), flow pattern, total micturized volume (ml) and micturition time (sec). The urine flow meter aims to improve initial assessment and follow-up of people with urination difficulties, a common cause of medical contact in Swedish men. Today, when evaluating patients urination, the patient is asked to register and measure urine volume themselves, a method that often causes problems for the patient and may contain incomplete and incorrect data. At urology clinics, individuals are given the opportunity to electronically measure urine flow and volume. When there is a large variation over day and occasion of micturition, an incorrect picture of symptoms can be presented. This has given rise to the idea of creating a urine flow meter whose task is to automate the measurement process in the home.  The work was performed by programming an Arduino microcontroller and using a flow sensor. The design of the flow sensor consisted of a magnet, a hall-effect sensor and a turbine. The task of the hall-effect sensor was to measure the electric field that arises when the magnet attached on the flow sensor's turbine rotates. By utilizing the turbine rotation, volume can be calculated. The work has also involved the use of Python with the aim of saving the output values from the microcontroller in a CSV file that can be opened by a healthcare provider with applications such as Excel.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to describe changes in bladder health, defined as "a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being related to bladder function that permits daily activities, adapts to short-term stressors, and allows optimal well-being," in women over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used data on 15 lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and interference from urinary experiences assessed at the baseline and 5-year followup interviews of the BACH (Boston Area Community Health) Survey to estimate changes in bladder health over time in women. Associations between baseline and followup bladder health (defined as the maximum frequency of LUTS or interference at each time point) were calculated by ordinal logistic regression and generalized linear models. RESULTS: A total of 2,526 women provided complete information on bladder health at baseline and followup. Over the 5-year followup, 6.5% of women maintained optimal bladder health (no LUTS or interference), 33.6% developed worse bladder health (including 10.4% who transitioned from optimal to less than optimal health), 31.4% maintained their less than optimal bladder health status and 28.7% improved. Despite these changes, women with poorer bladder health at baseline were still more likely to have poorer bladder health 5 years later (eg multivariable-adjusted relative risk=3.27, 95% confidence interval: 2.49-4.29 for severe LUTS/interference at followup among those with severe LUTS/interference at baseline). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from our large secondary analysis of BACH Survey data suggest considerable variability in bladder health over time, and underscore the importance of bladder health promotion to prevent the initial onset and progression of poor bladder health in women.

Introdução: O desenvolvimento de novos procedimentos cirúrgicos minimamente invasivos para o tratamento dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior (LUTS), relacionados à hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB), está se tornando importante campo de pesquisa, na medida em que tenta minimizar os efeitos adversos e complicações decorrentes dos tratamentos convencionais. A embolização das artérias prostáticas (EAP) vem sendo utilizada como alternativa para o tratamento de pacientes com HPB. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e comparar a segurança e eficácia da EAP para o tratamento dos LUTS em pacientes com HPB, utilizando microesferas (Embospheres®) de 100-300 um e 300-500 um. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo de ensaio clínico fase II, prospectivo, no período entre agosto de 2011 e junho de 2013, pela Disciplina de Urologia e Departamento de Radiologia do HCFMUSP. O protocolo de pesquisa foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética para Análise de Projetos de Pesquisa (CAPPesq) do HCFMUSP. Foram selecionados 30 pacientes com sintomas moderados ou graves (IPSS > 7), refratários ao tratamento clínico para HPB, com volume prostático entre 30g e 100g pela ressonância magnética (RM). Foram excluídos os pacientes com câncer de próstata comprovado por biópsia; prostatite ou infecção ativa do trato urinário; cirurgia ou intervenção prévia para HPB; doença com impacto sobre funcionamento da bexiga; impossibilidade para realizar RM; e distúrbio de coagulação não corrigido clinicamente. Os pacientes foram avaliados de acordo com os sintomas clínicos (IPSS e QoL), toque retal, exames laboratoriais de rotina incluindo o antígeno prostático específico (PSA), urofluxometria livre (Qmax) e RM em diferentes períodos de acompanhamento. Os procedimentos foram realizados no Serviço de Radiologia Intervencionista do HCFMUSP, por meio de punção unilateral da artéria femoral comum, sob anestesia local, usando-se microcateter, agente embolizante do tipo microesferas 100-300 ?m em 15 pacientes (Grupo A) e 300-500 ?m em 15 pacientes (Grupo B). Foi considerado sucesso técnico a identificação, cateterismo e embolização bilateral das artérias prostáticas. Definiu-se como sucesso clínico a retirada da sonda vesical nos pacientes em retenção urinária, melhora dos sintomas de acordo com o escore IPSS < 8 e índice QoL < 3. Considerou-se o valor de p < 0,05 como estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Sucesso técnico foi obtido em todos os casos. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhoria significativa do IPSS, QoL e do Qmax, assim como redução do PSA e do volume prostático em relação aos dados demográficos (p < 0,05). Houve um aumento volumétrico prostático significativo entre 3 e 12 meses no grupo A (p < 0,05). As diferenças observadas entre os dois grupos não foram significativas, com maior ocorrência de eventos adversos (p = 0,066) e maior redução do PSA no acompanhamento de 3 meses (p = 0,056) nos pacientes tratados com microesferas de 100-300 um. Conclusão: As microesferas de 100-300 ?m e 300-500 um demonstraram serem agentes embolizantes seguros e eficazes na EAP para o tratamento dos LUTS relacionados à HPB. Embora os resultados clínicos e por imagem não tenham diferido significativamente entre os grupos de estudo, os pacientes tratados com 100-300 um apresentaram mais eventos adversos do que aqueles tratados com 300-500 um. O volume da próstata aumentou significativamente entre o terceiro e o décimo segundo mês após EAP no grupo tratado com microesferas 100-300 um, embora se mantivesse significativamente menor que antes da EAP / Introduction: The development of new minimally invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is becoming an important field of research as it attempts to minimize adverse effects and complications resulting from conventional treatments. Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is increasingly being used as an alternative for the treatment of patients with BPH. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of PAE for the treatment of LUTS in patients with BPH, using microspheres (Embosphere®) of 100-300 um and 300-500 um. Methods: A prospective Phase II clinical trial was conducted between August 2011 and June 2013 by the Urology Department and the Radiology Department. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Analysis of Research Projects (CAPPesq) of HC-FMUSP. In fact, 30 patients with moderate or severe symptoms (IPSS > 7), refractory to the clinical treatment for BPH, with a prostatic volume of 30 g and 100 g were selected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients with the following conditions were excluded from the study: biopsy-proven prostate cancer; prostatitis or active urinary tract infection; surgery or previous intervention for BPH; diseases affecting the bladder function; impossibility to perform MRI; and clinically uncorrected coagulation disorders. Patients were evaluated according to clinical symptoms (IPSS and QoL), rectal examination, laboratory tests (PSA), uroflowmetry (Qmax) and imaging (MR) at different follow-up periods. Procedures were performed at the interventional radiology suite of the HCFMUSP, by means of unilateral puncture of the common femoral artery, under local anesthesia, using a microcatheter, microspheres type 100-300 um in 15 patients (Group A) and 300-500 um in 15 patients (Group B). Identification, catheterization and bilateral embolization of the prostatic arteries were considered technical success. Clinical success was defined as the removal of the bladder catheter and improvement of symptoms according to the IPSS score < 8 and QoL index < 3. Results: The PAE was technically successful in all cases. Both groups showed a significant improvement in IPSS, QoL and Qmax, as well as reduction of PSA and prostate volume in relation to demographic data (p < 0.05). There was a significant prostatic volumetric increase between 3 and 12 months in group A (p < 0.05). Differences observed between the two groups were not significant, with a higher number of adverse events (p = 0.066) and lower level of blood PSA at 3 months follow-up (p = 0.056) in Group A (100-300 um). Conclusion: Microspheres of 100-300 ?m and 300-500 ?m are safe and effective embolic agents in PAE for the treatment of LUTS related to BPH. Although functional results did not differ significantly between study groups, patients treated with 100-300 ?m reported more adverse events than those treated with 300-500 um. The prostate volume increased significantly between the third and the twelfth month post-PAE in the group treated with 100-300 um microspheres, although it remained significantly lower than pre-PAE

INTRODUÇÃO: A disfunção do trato urinário inferior (DTUI) pode decorrer de contrações vesicais durante a fase de enchimento (hiperatividade do detrusor) ou a falta de coordenação entre a contração vesical e o relaxamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico durante o esvaziamento vesical (disfunção miccional). Várias publicações sugerem benefícios do uso de biofeedback eletromiográfico (EMG) e eletroestimulação transcutânea parassacral (ENTP) no tratamento destas condições. Contudo faltam estudos controlados comparando estas duas formas de tratamento. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia das técnicas de biofeedback EMG e ENTP em crianças com DTUI. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e randomizado com 64 crianças, sendo 43 meninas e 21 meninos com idade média 9,39 anos. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos de tratamento: grupo biofeedback (GB) e grupo de ENTP (GE). Os critérios para avaliar a eficácia do tratamento foram a taxa de resolução dos sintomas noturnos e diurnos, comprovados por diário miccional, urofluxometria, questionários (DVSS - Dysfunction voiding symptoms score), avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV), melhora da constipação e do número de episódios de infecção do trato urinário (ITU).RESULTADOS: No GB 54,9% das crianças tiveram resposta completa e no GE 60,6% em relação a melhora diurna (p=0,483) e 29,6% e 25% em relação a melhora noturna respectivamente (p=0,461). Em relação ao diário miccional, urofluxometria e DVSS, ambos os grupos tiveram melhora estatisticamente significante (p=0,001), porém a QV não teve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,959 e p=0,065). Na avaliação da constipação, houve decréscimo no GB de 61,3% para 19,4% (p=0,002) e no GE de 33,3% para 6,2% (p=0,013). Nenhuma criança apresentou ITU após o término do tratamento (p < 001). CONCLUSÃO: O biofeedback EMG e a ENTP são efetivos para o tratamento de DTUI.Esta eficácia se traduz por melhora dos sintomas diurnos e noturnos bem como na avaliação feita por questionário e urofluxometria. Ambas as técnicas se mostrarm eficazes, embora o biofeedback tenha requerido um menor número de sessões / INTRODUCTION: The lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) may be due to bladder contractions during the filling phase (detrusor overactivity) or the lack of coordination between bladder contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles during bladder emptying (voiding dysfunction ). Several publications have suggested benefits of using electromyographic biofeedback (EMG) and parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in treating these conditions. However there is a lack of controlled studies comparing these two forms of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of EMG biofeedback and parasacral TENS techniques in children with DTUI. METHODS: A prospective and randomized study with 64 children, 43 girls and 21 boys, mean age 9.39 years. The children were divided into two treatment groups: biofeedback group and parasacral TENS. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of techniques were the rate of resolution of daytime and nighttime symptoms, improvements in voiding diary, uroflowmetry and questionnaires. (DVSS - Dysfunction voiding symptoms score). We also acessed changes in quality of life (QOL) constipation and number of episodes of lower urinary tract infection (UTI). RESULTS: GB 54.9% of children had complete response in EMG biofeedback group and 60.6% in those treated by parasacral TENS in daytime symptoms (p = 0.483) and 29.6% and 25% in night time respectively (p = 0.461). Regarding the voiding diary, uroflowmetry and DVSS, both groups had statistically significant improvement (p = 0.001), but the QOL showed no difference between groups (p = 0.959 and p = 0.065). In the evaluation of constipation, there was a decrease in EMG biofeedback group 61.3% to 19.4% (p = 0.002) and in parasacral TENS group 33.3% to 6.2% (p = 0.013). No child had UTI after the end of treatment (p <.001). CONCLUSION: EMG biofeedback and the parasacral TENS are effective for treating DTUI. This efficiency translates into improved daytime and nighttime symptoms as well as in the evaluation made by questionnaire and uroflowmetry. Both techniques showed excellent results, although biofeedback required a fewer number of sessions

Introdução: O desenvolvimento de novos procedimentos cirúrgicos minimamente invasivos para o tratamento dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior (LUTS), relacionados à hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB), está se tornando importante campo de pesquisa, na medida em que tenta minimizar os efeitos adversos e complicações decorrentes dos tratamentos convencionais. A embolização das artérias prostáticas (EAP) vem sendo utilizada como alternativa para o tratamento de pacientes com HPB. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e comparar a segurança e eficácia da EAP para o tratamento dos LUTS em pacientes com HPB, utilizando microesferas (Embospheres®) de 100-300 um e 300-500 um. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo de ensaio clínico fase II, prospectivo, no período entre agosto de 2011 e junho de 2013, pela Disciplina de Urologia e Departamento de Radiologia do HCFMUSP. O protocolo de pesquisa foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética para Análise de Projetos de Pesquisa (CAPPesq) do HCFMUSP. Foram selecionados 30 pacientes com sintomas moderados ou graves (IPSS > 7), refratários ao tratamento clínico para HPB, com volume prostático entre 30g e 100g pela ressonância magnética (RM). Foram excluídos os pacientes com câncer de próstata comprovado por biópsia; prostatite ou infecção ativa do trato urinário; cirurgia ou intervenção prévia para HPB; doença com impacto sobre funcionamento da bexiga; impossibilidade para realizar RM; e distúrbio de coagulação não corrigido clinicamente. Os pacientes foram avaliados de acordo com os sintomas clínicos (IPSS e QoL), toque retal, exames laboratoriais de rotina incluindo o antígeno prostático específico (PSA), urofluxometria livre (Qmax) e RM em diferentes períodos de acompanhamento. Os procedimentos foram realizados no Serviço de Radiologia Intervencionista do HCFMUSP, por meio de punção unilateral da artéria femoral comum, sob anestesia local, usando-se microcateter, agente embolizante do tipo microesferas 100-300 ?m em 15 pacientes (Grupo A) e 300-500 ?m em 15 pacientes (Grupo B). Foi considerado sucesso técnico a identificação, cateterismo e embolização bilateral das artérias prostáticas. Definiu-se como sucesso clínico a retirada da sonda vesical nos pacientes em retenção urinária, melhora dos sintomas de acordo com o escore IPSS < 8 e índice QoL < 3. Considerou-se o valor de p < 0,05 como estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Sucesso técnico foi obtido em todos os casos. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhoria significativa do IPSS, QoL e do Qmax, assim como redução do PSA e do volume prostático em relação aos dados demográficos (p < 0,05). Houve um aumento volumétrico prostático significativo entre 3 e 12 meses no grupo A (p < 0,05). As diferenças observadas entre os dois grupos não foram significativas, com maior ocorrência de eventos adversos (p = 0,066) e maior redução do PSA no acompanhamento de 3 meses (p = 0,056) nos pacientes tratados com microesferas de 100-300 um. Conclusão: As microesferas de 100-300 ?m e 300-500 um demonstraram serem agentes embolizantes seguros e eficazes na EAP para o tratamento dos LUTS relacionados à HPB. Embora os resultados clínicos e por imagem não tenham diferido significativamente entre os grupos de estudo, os pacientes tratados com 100-300 um apresentaram mais eventos adversos do que aqueles tratados com 300-500 um. O volume da próstata aumentou significativamente entre o terceiro e o décimo segundo mês após EAP no grupo tratado com microesferas 100-300 um, embora se mantivesse significativamente menor que antes da EAP / Introduction: The development of new minimally invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is becoming an important field of research as it attempts to minimize adverse effects and complications resulting from conventional treatments. Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is increasingly being used as an alternative for the treatment of patients with BPH. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of PAE for the treatment of LUTS in patients with BPH, using microspheres (Embosphere®) of 100-300 um and 300-500 um. Methods: A prospective Phase II clinical trial was conducted between August 2011 and June 2013 by the Urology Department and the Radiology Department. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Analysis of Research Projects (CAPPesq) of HC-FMUSP. In fact, 30 patients with moderate or severe symptoms (IPSS > 7), refractory to the clinical treatment for BPH, with a prostatic volume of 30 g and 100 g were selected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients with the following conditions were excluded from the study: biopsy-proven prostate cancer; prostatitis or active urinary tract infection; surgery or previous intervention for BPH; diseases affecting the bladder function; impossibility to perform MRI; and clinically uncorrected coagulation disorders. Patients were evaluated according to clinical symptoms (IPSS and QoL), rectal examination, laboratory tests (PSA), uroflowmetry (Qmax) and imaging (MR) at different follow-up periods. Procedures were performed at the interventional radiology suite of the HCFMUSP, by means of unilateral puncture of the common femoral artery, under local anesthesia, using a microcatheter, microspheres type 100-300 um in 15 patients (Group A) and 300-500 um in 15 patients (Group B). Identification, catheterization and bilateral embolization of the prostatic arteries were considered technical success. Clinical success was defined as the removal of the bladder catheter and improvement of symptoms according to the IPSS score < 8 and QoL index < 3. Results: The PAE was technically successful in all cases. Both groups showed a significant improvement in IPSS, QoL and Qmax, as well as reduction of PSA and prostate volume in relation to demographic data (p < 0.05). There was a significant prostatic volumetric increase between 3 and 12 months in group A (p < 0.05). Differences observed between the two groups were not significant, with a higher number of adverse events (p = 0.066) and lower level of blood PSA at 3 months follow-up (p = 0.056) in Group A (100-300 um). Conclusion: Microspheres of 100-300 ?m and 300-500 ?m are safe and effective embolic agents in PAE for the treatment of LUTS related to BPH. Although functional results did not differ significantly between study groups, patients treated with 100-300 ?m reported more adverse events than those treated with 300-500 um. The prostate volume increased significantly between the third and the twelfth month post-PAE in the group treated with 100-300 um microspheres, although it remained significantly lower than pre-PAE

Aims: The overall aim was to determine how lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) affect sleep, health related quality of life and disease specific quality of life, and how the men’s urinary symptoms affect their partners. Subjects and methods: In papers I–II, a descriptive design with a pre-test and post-test was used and in papers III-IV the design was descriptive and comparative. The method was self-administered questionnaires. In papers I- II: The questionnaires were translated in the ethnographic mode. In paper I the reliability of the questionnaire was tested in 122 patients with LUTS/ BPO. The disease specific quality of life was studied before and after intervention in 572 consecutive patients with BPO, aged 45-94 yrs. In paper II, the partner specific quality of life was studied in partners to men with BPO before and after TURP. The reliability and the responsiveness of the questionnaire were tested in two groups with 51 partners each. Papers III-IV: A study of 239 men with LUTS, aged 45-80 yrs, and their partners (n=126) who were compared to randomly selected men from the population (n=213) and their partners (n=131). The men had an extra control group, men with inguinal hernia (n=200). Sleep and health related quality of life was studied in both men and their partners. The partners’ specific quality of life was also studied and the men with LUTS answered questions about urinary symptoms and disease specific quality of life. Results: Papers I-II: All the tested questionnaires showed an acceptable reliability and responsiveness. I: Before and after intervention the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 46 % and 16 % respectively. II: Partners were affected by the patients’ BPO symptoms before and improved after the patients TURPs. III: Most sleep variables were significantly impaired in men with LUTS compared to one or both of the control groups. The men with LUTS had a significantly higher prevalence of insomnia (40 %) than both control groups and significantly lower sleep efficiency (49 %) than men with hernia. The men with LUTS were significantly impaired in most domains of the health related quality of life compared to men in the population. IV: There were no significant differences between the two partner groups regarding the quantity and quality of sleep or the health related quality of life. Conclusions: All tested questionnaires showed an acceptable reliability and responsiveness. The prevalence of urinary incontinence before and after intervention was higher than earlier reported. Men with LUTS had significantly poorer sleep quality, reduced sleep efficiency and a higher prevalence of insomnia than men in the population and men with inguinal hernia. The HRQOL is impaired in men with LUTS compared to men in the population and men with inguinal hernia. Partners are affected by the patients’ symptoms, and it is emotional rather than practical aspects that affect them most. Partners of men with LUTS did not differ significantly from partners in the population with regard to sleep and health related quality of life.

INTRODUÇÃO: A disfunção do trato urinário inferior (DTUI) pode decorrer de contrações vesicais durante a fase de enchimento (hiperatividade do detrusor) ou a falta de coordenação entre a contração vesical e o relaxamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico durante o esvaziamento vesical (disfunção miccional). Várias publicações sugerem benefícios do uso de biofeedback eletromiográfico (EMG) e eletroestimulação transcutânea parassacral (ENTP) no tratamento destas condições. Contudo faltam estudos controlados comparando estas duas formas de tratamento. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia das técnicas de biofeedback EMG e ENTP em crianças com DTUI. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e randomizado com 64 crianças, sendo 43 meninas e 21 meninos com idade média 9,39 anos. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos de tratamento: grupo biofeedback (GB) e grupo de ENTP (GE). Os critérios para avaliar a eficácia do tratamento foram a taxa de resolução dos sintomas noturnos e diurnos, comprovados por diário miccional, urofluxometria, questionários (DVSS - Dysfunction voiding symptoms score), avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV), melhora da constipação e do número de episódios de infecção do trato urinário (ITU).RESULTADOS: No GB 54,9% das crianças tiveram resposta completa e no GE 60,6% em relação a melhora diurna (p=0,483) e 29,6% e 25% em relação a melhora noturna respectivamente (p=0,461). Em relação ao diário miccional, urofluxometria e DVSS, ambos os grupos tiveram melhora estatisticamente significante (p=0,001), porém a QV não teve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,959 e p=0,065). Na avaliação da constipação, houve decréscimo no GB de 61,3% para 19,4% (p=0,002) e no GE de 33,3% para 6,2% (p=0,013). Nenhuma criança apresentou ITU após o término do tratamento (p < 001). CONCLUSÃO: O biofeedback EMG e a ENTP são efetivos para o tratamento de DTUI.Esta eficácia se traduz por melhora dos sintomas diurnos e noturnos bem como na avaliação feita por questionário e urofluxometria. Ambas as técnicas se mostrarm eficazes, embora o biofeedback tenha requerido um menor número de sessões / INTRODUCTION: The lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) may be due to bladder contractions during the filling phase (detrusor overactivity) or the lack of coordination between bladder contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles during bladder emptying (voiding dysfunction ). Several publications have suggested benefits of using electromyographic biofeedback (EMG) and parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in treating these conditions. However there is a lack of controlled studies comparing these two forms of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of EMG biofeedback and parasacral TENS techniques in children with DTUI. METHODS: A prospective and randomized study with 64 children, 43 girls and 21 boys, mean age 9.39 years. The children were divided into two treatment groups: biofeedback group and parasacral TENS. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of techniques were the rate of resolution of daytime and nighttime symptoms, improvements in voiding diary, uroflowmetry and questionnaires. (DVSS - Dysfunction voiding symptoms score). We also acessed changes in quality of life (QOL) constipation and number of episodes of lower urinary tract infection (UTI). RESULTS: GB 54.9% of children had complete response in EMG biofeedback group and 60.6% in those treated by parasacral TENS in daytime symptoms (p = 0.483) and 29.6% and 25% in night time respectively (p = 0.461). Regarding the voiding diary, uroflowmetry and DVSS, both groups had statistically significant improvement (p = 0.001), but the QOL showed no difference between groups (p = 0.959 and p = 0.065). In the evaluation of constipation, there was a decrease in EMG biofeedback group 61.3% to 19.4% (p = 0.002) and in parasacral TENS group 33.3% to 6.2% (p = 0.013). No child had UTI after the end of treatment (p <.001). CONCLUSION: EMG biofeedback and the parasacral TENS are effective for treating DTUI. This efficiency translates into improved daytime and nighttime symptoms as well as in the evaluation made by questionnaire and uroflowmetry. Both techniques showed excellent results, although biofeedback required a fewer number of sessions

Orientador: Carlos Arturo Levi D'Ancona / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T18:45:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucio_AdeliaCorreia_D.pdf: 1271743 bytes, checksum: 0b9b6397ac1c0ba8278df2217374c852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as duas modalidades de eletroterapia mais utilizadas na prática clínica para o tratamento de sintomas do trato urinário inferior (STUI), a eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial e eletroestimulação intravaginal, em mulheres com esclerose múltipla (EM) bem como investigar a influência na função sexual e Qualidade de Vida (QV). Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado e cego, composto por trinta mulheres com EM e STUI alocadas aleatoriamente em um dos três grupos e foram tratadas durante 12 semanas: Grupo I: treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP) com biofeedback eletromiográfico (EMG) e eletroestimulação placebo (GI, n= 10), Grupo II: treinamento dos MAP com biofeedback EMG e eletroestimulação intravaginal (GII, n= 10), Grupo III: treinamento dos MAP com biofeedback EMG e eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial (GIII, n= 10). As avaliações, realizadas antes e após o tratamento, foram: teste do absorvente de 24 horas, diário miccional de três dias, função dos MAP de acordo com o esquema PERFECT, tônus e habilidade de relaxamento dos MAP, flexibilidade da abertura vaginal e estudo urodinâmico que avaliou a capacidade cistométrica máxima, complacência da bexiga, amplitude máxima da hiperatividade detrusora, fluxo máximo (Qmax), pressão do detrusor no Qmax e volume residual pós-miccional. Foram utilizados os questionários: OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF, Qualiveen e, o questionário de sexualidade, FSFI. Resultados: Após o tratamento, todos os grupos apresentaram redução no peso dos absorventes e redução dos episódios de urgência e urge incontinência. Apresentaram melhora em todos os domínios do esquema PERFECT, diminuição da pontuação dos questionários OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF e aumento na pontuação dos domínios excitação, lubrificação vaginal, satisfação no escore total do questionário FSFI. GII melhorou significantemente quando comparado à GI e GIII em relação ao tônus, flexibilidade e capacidade de relaxamento dos MAP e na pontuação do questionário OAB-V8. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento dos MAP isoladamente ou em combinação com a eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial ou eletroestimulação intravaginal é eficaz no tratamento de STUI e função sexual de mulheres com EM, sendo que a combinação do treinamento dos MAP com a eletroestimulação intravaginal oferece vantagens adicionais na redução do tônus muscular e STUI / Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare two methods of electrotherapy, most used in clinical practice for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), the transcutaneous tibial nerve electrostimulation and intravaginal electrostimulation in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and its influence on sexual function and Quality of Life (QOL) of these women. Methods: A prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial was carried out. Thirty women with MS and LUTS were randomly allocated into one of three groups and received treatment for 12 weeks: Group I: pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback and sham electrostimulation (GI, n=10), Group II: PFMT with EMG biofeedback and intravaginal electrostimulation (GII, n=10), Group III: PFMT with EMG biofeedback and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (GIII, n=10). Assessments, performed before and after the treatment, included: 24 hours pad test, three days bladder diary, PFM functioning according to the PERFECT scheme, tone and ability to relax PFM, flexibility of vaginal opening and maximum cystometric capacity, bladder compliance, maximum amplitude of detrusor overactivity, maximum flow rate (Qmax), detrusor pressure at Qmax and post-void residual volume outcomes of urodynamic study. The questionnaires included: OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF, Qualiveen and, the questionnaire of sexuality, FSFI. Results: After treatment, all groups showed a reduction in pad weight and reduced episodes of urgency and urge incontinence. They also showed improvements in all domains of the PERFECT scheme, decreased scores of OAB-V8 and ICIQ-SF questionnaires and increased scores of arousal, vaginal lubrication, satisfaction and total score domains of FSFI questionnaire. GII was significantly improved when compared to GI and GIII related to tone, flexibility and relaxation of PFM and, also, in the score of OAB-V8 questionnaire. Conclusion: The results suggest that PFMT alone or in combination with intravaginal electrostimulation or transcutaneous tibial nerve electrostimulation is effective in the treatment of LUTS and sexual function in MS patients, with the combination of PFMT and intravaginal electrostimulation offering some advantage in the reduction of muscle tone and LUTS / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutora em Ciências