Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-11T00:01:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaPiresDeMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 3918874 bytes, checksum: e13cc843496316d64e15462571964b47 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-19T00:06:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaPiresDeMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 3918874 bytes, checksum: e13cc843496316d64e15462571964b47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T00:06:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaPiresDeMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 3918874 bytes, checksum: e13cc843496316d64e15462571964b47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Com o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento das t?cnicas para estudos moleculares e sua consequente aplica??o ? sistem?tica, relevantes modifica??es ocorreram na classifica??o dos gasteromicetos. O g?nero Morganella pertence ? fam?lia Lycoperdaceae, e ? caracterizado, principalmente, pelo h?bito lign?cola e presen?a de paracapil?cios. Dados recentes demonstram a descoberta de novas esp?cies para o grupo e a exist?ncia de uma grande diversidade de esp?cies ocorrendo em ecossistemas tropicais. Entretanto, as rela??es filogen?ticas do g?nero, como tamb?m a classifica??o taxon?mica, ainda requerem revis?es para serem melhor compreendidas, al?m de que, trabalhos que abordem esse tema ainda s?o escassos na literatura. Desta forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho realizar estudos de filogenia molecular com esp?cies do g?nero Morganella, visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre a filogenia do grupo mediante a inclus?o de dados de esp?cies tropicais. Para isso, os esp?cimes utilizados, tanto para as extra??es de DNA quanto para a revis?o morfol?gica, foram obtidos a partir de herb?rios brasileiros e estrangeiros. Para a an?lise morfol?gica foram observados caracteres relevantes para a taxonomia do grupo. Para as an?lises filogen?ticas foram utilizados os m?todos de M?xima Parcim?nia e An?lise Bayesiana, utilizando-se o espa?ador interno transcrito (ITS) do DNA riboss?mico nuclear. Nas an?lises filogen?ticas realizadas, os representantes de Morganella formaram um clado monofil?tico com um bom valor de suporte, e com base nestes resultados o g?nero n?o deve ser inclu?do como subg?nero de Lycoperdon. As an?lises indicaram que M. pyriformis n?o se agrupa com os demais representantes de Morganella, e portanto n?o deve ser inclu?do no grupo como representante do subg?nero Apioperdon, pois se trata de um representante de Lycoperdon. Por outro lado, M. fuliginea, M. nuda, M. albostipitata, M. velutina, M. subincarnata, se encontram agrupadas, com valores de suporte alto, dentro do g?nero Morganella. Morganella arenicola, com base em estudos morfol?gicos e moleculares, n?o se agrega em Morganella. Morganella nuda se agrupou com M. fuliginea dando ind?cios de que podem se tratar de uma varia??o intraespec?fica. Os resultados das an?lises realizadas favorecem para um melhor esclarecimento e posi??o das esp?cies de Morganella. No entanto, estudos adicionais utilizando um maior n?mero de esp?cies, e tamb?m outros marcadores moleculares se fazem necess?rios para um melhor entendimento da filogenia de Morganella. / With the development and improvement of techniques for molecular studies and their subsequent application to the systematic, significant changes occurred in the classification of gasteroid fungi. The genus Morganella belongs to the family Lycoperdaceae, and is characterized mainly by lignicolous habit and presence of paracapilicium. Recent data demonstrate the discovery of new species for the group and the existence of a wide variety of species occurring in tropical ecosystems. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genus, as well as the taxonomic classification, still require revisions to be better understood, the literature studies that address this issue are still very scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct studies of molecular phylogeny with species of the genus Morganella, to enhance understanding of the phylogeny of the group by including tropical species data. For this, the specimens used both for DNA extractions as for morphological review were obtained from Brazilian and foreign herbaria. For morphological analysis were observed characters relevant to the group's taxonomy. For phylogenetic analysis the Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Analyzes were used, using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. In phylogenetic analyzes, representatives from Morganella form a monophyletic clade with good support value and based on these results the genus should not be included as subgenus of Lycoperdon. The analysis indicated that M. pyriformis was not grouped with other representatives of Morganella, and therefore should not be included in the group as representative of Apioperdon subgenus because it is a Lycoperdon representative. Moreover, M. fuliginea, M. nuda, M. albostipitata, M. velutina, M. subincarnata are grouped with high support values within the genus Morganella. Morganella arenicola based on morphological and molecular studies does not aggregate in Morganella. Morganella nuda was grouped with M. fuliginea giving indications that can be treated as an intraspecific variation. The results of the analyzes favor to a better understanding of the species of Morganella. However, additional studies using a greater number of species, as well as other molecular markers are needed for a better understanding of the phylogenetic of Morganella.