Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor är skyldiga att arbeta evidensbaserat för att ge säker vård utifrån patientens behov. Utmärkande för en god vård är ett vårdande som möter varje patient så öppet och följsamt som möjligt. Att skapa ett vårdande möte till barn när de är patienten kräver att sjuksköterskan skapar tillit och en god relation till barnet för att ge god och säker vård. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda barn som inkommer till akutmottagning. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt valdes som metod för det här examensarbetet. En allmän strukturerad sammanställning över de omvårdnadsområden som kan vara relevanta för sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda barn som inkommer till akutmottagning. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att hur de arbetade och hanterade situationer med barn hade betydelse för vad mötena resulterade i. Att vårda barn på akutmottagningar kan hos sjuksköterskor skapa känslor av otillräcklighet och osäkerhet i pressade situationer. Tidsbrist och underbemanning är faktorer som kan leda till minskat förtroende samt minskad möjlighet att skapa trygghet i möten med barn. Konklusion: Att möta och vårda barn på akutmottagning innebär för sjuksköterskan att arbeta med ett vårdande förhållningssätt. Personcentrerad vård är grundläggande ochinkludering av föräldrar bidrar till ökad trygghet för barnet. / Background: Nurses are obliged to work based on evidence to provide safe care based on the patient's needs. Care that meets each patient as openly and compliantly as possible is the hallmark of good care. Creating trust and a good relationship with the child is a prerequisite for being able to give the child good support and good help. Aim: The purpose is to investigate nurses' experiences of caring for children who come to the emergency department. Method: A general literature review was chosen as the method for this thesis. A general structured summary of the nursing areas that may be relevant to nurses' experiences of caring for children who come to the emergency department. Findings: The nurses experienced that how they worked and handled situations with children was important for what the meetings resulted in. Caring for children in emergency departments is experienced by nurses as feelings of inadequacy and insecurity in stressful situations. Lack of time and understaffing are factors that can lead to reduced trust and a reduced opportunity to create security in meetings with children. Conclusion: Meeting and caring for children in the emergency department means for the nurse to work with a nurturing approach. Family-centred care is fundamental as the inclusion of parents contributes to increased security for the child.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett stort problem i dagens samhälle. Konsekvenserna vid fysiskt, psykiskt och sexuellt våld i nära relation kan uppkomma som fysiska och psykiska symtom. Sannolikheten för kvinnor att söka vård vid utsatthet är marginell och kvinnorna söker ofta vård av andra anledningar än där vården har möjlighet att identifiera utsatta kvinnor i behov av hjälp. Sjuksköterskors bemötande av kvinnliga patienter utsatta för våld i nära relationer kan spela stor roll för kvinnornas upplevelse.  Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att bemöta kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Metod : Kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Databaserna Cinahl och PubMed användes för att få fram relevanta artiklar. Vid databassökningarna tillämpades PEO modellen, där populationen (P) var sköterskor, exposure (E) var kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer och i outcome (O) var det upplevelser av bemötandet. Artiklarna som kom upp i databassökningen granskades och slutligen återstod 23 artiklar som kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall. Efter kvalitetsgranskningen återstod 10 vetenskapliga artiklar som studien baserades på.  Resultat: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor upplevde utmaningar i bemötandet med en våldsutsatt kvinna. De upplevda känslorna som uppstod i bemötandet med våldsutsatta kvinnor var oro, rädsla, osäkerhet, att vara obekväm och frustration. Utmaningarna som identifierades var kunskapsbrist, komplexitet samt tidsbrist. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor upplevde olika känslor och utmaningar i bemötandet som medförde att sjuksköterskorna kände sig oförberedda inför bemötandet av kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Detta resulterade i en ökad risk för att sjuksköterskor inte skulle kunna utföra en god personcentrerad omvårdnad kring den enskilde patienten. / Background: Intimate partner violence is a huge problem in today’s society. The consequences of physical, psychological and sexual intimate partner violence can show physical and psychological symptoms. The possibility for women to seek care connected to violence is small and the women often seek care for other reasons, where the healthcare system has the possibility to identify women in need of help. When nurses meet female patients exposed to intimate partner violence, nursing care can make an important impact on those women.  Aim: The purpose of this study was to illustrate nurses ́experiences to meet women exposed to intimate partner violence. Method: Qualitative literature study. The CINAHL and PubMed databases were used to retrieve relevant articles. In the database searches, the PEO model was applied, where the population (P) was nurses, exposure (E) was women exposed to intimate partner violence and in outcome (O) there were experiences of the treatment. The articles that came up in the database search were reviewed and finally 23 articles remained and quality reviewed using the SBU's quality review template. After the quality review, 10 scientific articles remained, on which the study is based upon.  Results: The results showed that nurses experienced challenges in dealing with a woman exposed to violence. The perceived emotions that arose in dealing with abused women were worry, fear, uncertainty, being uncomfortable and frustration. The challenges were lack of knowledge, complexity and lack of time. Conclusion: Nurses experienced different emotions and challenges in the treatment, which meant that the nurses felt unprepared for the treatment of women exposed to violence in close relationships. This resulted in an increased risk that nurses would not be able to perform good person-centered care around the individual patient.

This exegesis examines the landscape of heaven depicted in the contemporary novel, The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold. I examine the various characteristics of the heaven (or 'afterlife') depicted in Sebold's novel, with the aim of ascertaining the narrative effects of using this device. Using Ingrid Daemmrich's analysis of the paradisiacal motif in literature as a framework (Daemmrich, I 1997, Studies on Themes and Motifs in Literature: Enigmatic Bliss, The Paradise Motif in Literature, Peter Lang, New York), I reveal characteristics in The Lovely Bones that are both consistent with and challenge traditional literary representations of heaven and which therefore demonstrate that the text utilises the established literary motif of heaven for symbolism and meaning, but in a contemporary context. I explore the growing trend of contemporary literary heavens by reviewing two other literary heavens that are relevant to this scholarship. I examine where as writers and readers, we ascertain our concept of heaven (in society's religious foundations and from prior literature), and for the relevance of the key text, I briefly discuss the author's likely cultural influences. Having established the novel's lack of alignment with a religious version of heaven, I then examine the nature of and the narrative effect of, the personalised heaven depicted in the novel, The Lovely Bones. In doing so, I explore one of the new portraits of heaven in literature, an example which represents a growing trend away from portraying a classic edenic heaven shared by all humanity (and traditional to literary representations of heaven), toward a contemporary, personalised heaven that seeks to meet the wants and desires of the individual in our modern society. With reference to literature's ability to reflect back to us, our society's beliefs and values, I examine what this new portrait of heaven reveals about society. Access to the project examined in conjunction with this exegesis has been restricted due to copyright.

This exegesis examines the landscape of heaven depicted in the contemporary novel, The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold. I examine the various characteristics of the heaven (or 'afterlife') depicted in Sebold's novel, with the aim of ascertaining the narrative effects of using this device. Using Ingrid Daemmrich's analysis of the paradisiacal motif in literature as a framework (Daemmrich, I 1997, Studies on Themes and Motifs in Literature: Enigmatic Bliss, The Paradise Motif in Literature, Peter Lang, New York), I reveal characteristics in The Lovely Bones that are both consistent with and challenge traditional literary representations of heaven and which therefore demonstrate that the text utilises the established literary motif of heaven for symbolism and meaning, but in a contemporary context. I explore the growing trend of contemporary literary heavens by reviewing two other literary heavens that are relevant to this scholarship. I examine where as writers and readers, we ascertain our concept of heaven (in society's religious foundations and from prior literature), and for the relevance of the key text, I briefly discuss the author's likely cultural influences. Having established the novel's lack of alignment with a religious version of heaven, I then examine the nature of and the narrative effect of, the personalised heaven depicted in the novel, The Lovely Bones. In doing so, I explore one of the new portraits of heaven in literature, an example which represents a growing trend away from portraying a classic edenic heaven shared by all humanity (and traditional to literary representations of heaven), toward a contemporary, personalised heaven that seeks to meet the wants and desires of the individual in our modern society. With reference to literature's ability to reflect back to us, our society's beliefs and values, I examine what this new portrait of heaven reveals about society. Access to the project examined in conjunction with this exegesis has been restricted due to copyright.

Lors du vieillissement, les capacités sensorielles et l’efficacité masticatoire diminuent, affectant négativement l'alimentation des séniors. Ainsi, la formulation d’aliments adaptés aux besoins nutritionnels et sensoriels des seniors est un enjeu pour les années à venir. L'objectif principal de cette thèse, intégrée au projet AlimaSSenS, est d’étudier l’impact de la texture de produits fromagers sur le confort en bouche et la biodisponibilité des acides aminés et du calcium. Les fromages modèles développés ont la même composition mais des textures variables. Des analyses sensorielles réalisées sur un panel de séniors, ainsi que des études de digestion in vitro et in vivo (sur modèle porcin) ont été réalisées. Les résultats des digestions soulignent la pertinence d’intégrer les protéines sériques en tant que source protéique majeure dans les produits fromagers, afin de maximiser l’apport plasmatique en acides aminés essentiels. Cependant, la texture des fromages modèles n’a pas influencé la bioaccessibilité des acides aminés et du calcium. De plus, la bioaccessibilité du calcium est majoritairement liée aux pH intra-gastrique et -intestinal, plutôt qu’à sa forme chimique initiale. Enfin, l’étude sensorielle a mis en évidence que seules les textures perçues comme « sèches » étaient liées à une baisse importante du confort en bouche des séniors. Ce travail souligne l'opportunité de développer des produits fromagers destinés aux séniors. Il serait intéressant de poursuivre ces travaux avec des études cliniques pour connaître l'impact physiologique de ces produits / During aging, the sensory capacities and the mastication efficacy decrease negatively affecting the diet of the elderly. Yet, protein and calcium requirements increase with age. In this context, the formulation of foods adapted to the nutritional and sensory needs of the elderly is a challenge for the next years. The main objective of this thesis, integrated into the project AlimaSSenS, is to study the impact of the texture of model cheeses, based on whey proteins and calcium fortified, on the oral comfort and on the bioavailability of amino acids and calcium.The model cheeses developed have the same composition and variable textures. Sensory analysis were performed on a panel of people over 65, and in vitro and in vivo digestion studies (on porcine model) were conducted.The results of the digestion studies highlighted the relevance of integrating whey proteins as a major protein source in dairy products, in order to maximize the bioavailability of essential amino acids. However, the texture of model cheeses did not significantly influence the bioaccessibility of amino acids and calcium. In addition, the bioaccessibility of calcium was mainly related to intra-gastric and intra-intestinal pH, rather than to the initial chemical form of its source of enrichment. Finally, the sensory study has shown that only the textures perceived as “dry” was linked to a significant decrease in the oral comfort.This work highlights the opportunity to develop dairy products adapted for the elderly. Based on this work, it would be interesting to carry out clinical studies to know t

O trabalho investiga a prática pedagógica e libertadora de Jesus em Lc 24,13-35, na perspectiva relacional. O conteúdo está organizado em três capítulos. O primeiro (Lucas e o Contexto das Comunidades na Época de Jesus) traz uma visão geral do contexto sociopolítico, religioso e social em que viviam as comunidades na época de Jesus. É de fundamental importância conhecer a realidade, pois assim podemos compreende melhor o que está por trás das palavras e ações de Jesus, no seu relacionamento com o povo de Israel. O segundo capítulo (Vida e Missão de Jesus) focaliza a pessoa de Jesus, sua identidade e características que vão sendo reveladas através de sua missão, na perspectiva das relações interpessoais. O capítulo final (Interpretação da Prática Pedagógica de Jesus Ressuscitado, no Caminho de Emaús) faz uma interpretação de Lc 24, 13-35, sob o enfoque do evento pascal e da pedagogia. Esse texto, que serve como base do trabalho, constitui um verdadeiro manual de exegese e de pedagogia, princípio para todo trabalho de ensinar. O capítulo conclui com algumas experiências pastorais a partir da metodologia de Emaús. Essas experiências foram feitas em encontros de formação com grupos de catequistas, professores de Ensino Religioso, em momentos de espiritualidade, nos retiros e celebrações. O apêndice traz o relatório completo da experiência que foi desenvolvida num curso de formação de Ministros da Palavra (catequistas e outros agentes de pastoral). Foi planejada juntamente com alguns membros da equipe de coordenação paroquial onde se realizou o evento. As palavras abaixo resumem os princípios metodológicos e relacionais da prática de Jesus, a partir da sua caminhada com os discípulos de Emaús em Lc 24,13-35. / This paper studies the pedagogical and liberating practice of Jesus, according to Luke 24,13-35. The contents are organized in three chapters. Chapter One (Luke and the Context of Communities in the Age of Jesus) provides an overview of the socio-political, eligious and social context in which people lived at the time of Jesus. It is crucial to know he reality, in order to better understand what is behind the words and actions of Jesus, in iving with the people of Israel. Chapter Two (Life and Mission of Jesus) focuses on the person of Jesus, His identity and characteristics that are revealed through His mission in he perspective of interpersonal relations. Chapter Three (Interpretation of the Pedagogical Practice of the Risen Jesus on the Road to Emmaus) makes an interpretation of Luke 24,13-25, with a focus on the Easter event and on pedagogy. This text, which is the basis or this paper, is, in fact, a manual of theological and methodological exegesis, principle or the task of teaching. The chapter ends with some pastoral experiences based on the Emmaus methodology. These experiences were carried out during training meetings with groups of catechists, teachers of religious education in moments of spirituality, retreats, celebrations. The Appendix provides the full report of the experience that was developed in a training course for Ministers of the Word (catechists and other pastoral agents). It was planned along with some members of the team coordinating the parish where the event ook place. The key words below summarize the methodological principles of the practice of Jesus, from His journey with the Disciples of Emmaus, as in Luke 24:13-35.

Orientador: Ariel Antonio Mendes / Banca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Banca: Edson Gonçalves de Oliveira / Abstract: It was undertaken two assays aiming to evaluate quality characteristics of broiler pale-colour meat and compare to normal-colour meat (assay 1), and evaluate sensorial differences between these meat types (assay 2). For assay 1, it was collected 52 pale and normal fillets from a slaughtering line, based on fillet colouration. It was measured pH, temperature, colour and R value on different times post mortem (0, four, 24 hours). Samples were send to the laboratory of FMVZ/UNESP, Botucatu campus, and after 24 hours post mortem it was evaluated the remaining meat quality parameters (drip loss, retention and absorption water capacity, denaturation protein, cocking loss and texture. For assay 2, it was collected 40 each pale and normal fillets from a commercial slaughtering and after 24 hours post mortem it was realized the evaluation of sensorial characteristics. For breast fillets of broilers with pale colouration, glycolysis had started with 6,86 pH value and reached to final pH of 5,73 at 24 hours post mortem while normal colouration ones presented initial pH of 6,80 and final pH, after 24 hours post mortem of 5,85. It was observed difference (p 0,05) between pale and normal fillets for pH, L * value, redness, CRA, PPC and protein denaturation. / Resumo: Foram realizados dois ensaios, sendo que o Ensaio 1 teve por objetivo avaliar as características de qualidade da carne de frangos de corte de coloração pálida e comparar com a de coloração normal e, o Ensaio 2, avaliar as diferenças sensoriais destes tipos de carnes. Para o Ensaio 1, foram coletados 52 filés pálidos e normais selecionados na linha de abate baseado pela sua coloração. Foi realizada a mensuração do pH, temperatura, cor e valor R nos tempos de zero, 4 e 24 horas post-mortem. As amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório da FMVZ/UNESP, campus de Botucatu e após 24 horas post-mortem procedeu-se as demais análises de qualidade de carne em que foram avaliadas as características de perda por exsudação, capacidade de retenção (CRA) e absorção de água, perdas de peso por cozimento (PPC) e força de cisalhamento. Para o Ensaio 2, foram coletados 40 filés pálidos e normais de abatedouro comercial, e após 24 horas post-mortem procedeu-se a avaliação das características sensoriais. Para os filés de peitos de frangos de coloração pálida, a glicólise teve inicio com o valor de pH 6,86 e atingiu pH final 5,73 às 24 horas post-mortem enquanto que os filés de peitos de coloração normal apresentaram pH inicial de 6,80 e pH 24 horas post-mortem de 5,85. Houve diferença significativa (p 0,05) entre os filés pálidos e normal para os parâmetros de pH, valor L*, teor de vermelho, CRA, PPC e desnaturação protéica. / Mestre

Gross, microscopic, and bacteriologic evaluation of broiler livers condemned by the Federal Inspection Service of Animal Products was performed. One hundred broiler livers were sampled at slaughter. Ninety of them had gross changes and 10 of them were grossly normal. The sampling was done in two slaughter houses located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. One of these two places slaughters 120,000 broilers/day, and the other one slaughters over 300,000 broilers/day. For the gross evaluation, the considered parameters were shape, color, size, texture, odor, and the presence of other visible lesions. The color of the liver was considered as the main gross change. Livers with gross changes in color, shape, size and/or texture were 47/90; brown-pale livers with other associated macroscopic lesions were 19/90; yellow or yellowish livers with other associated gross changes were 5/90; and green or greenish livers with other associated lesions were 19/90. The microscopic (morphologic) diagnoses consisted of multifocal heterophilic colangio-hepatitis, degeneration and/or centrilobular to bridging hepatic cellular necrosis, random necrotizing hepatitis, multifocal heterophylic pericolangitis and other unspecific changes. The bacteriological evaluation was leaded to the search of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. It was utilized direct culture of the liver samples in selective culture midias. E. coli was isolated in 26/100 samples and Staphylococcus sp. in 24/100 samples, regardless the morphologic diagnosis. For the Salmonella sp. search it was used the conventional method indicated by the Department of Agriculture, however, there was no isolation of any bacteria of the Salmonella genus. The main gross and microscopic lesions were compatible with bacterial infections. It is concluded that the criteria for visceral condemnation used by the sanitary inspection was appropriated and efficient in the detection and elimination of the livers with potential infectious hazard. / Este trabalho avaliou através da macroscopia, histopatologia e bacteriologia, fígados de frangos (Gallus gallus) condenados pelo Serviço de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal. Foram coletadas 100 amostras de fígados de frangos, das quais 90 apresentavam alterações macroscópicas e 10 amostras sem alterações. As coletas foram feitas em dois abatedouros localizados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Estes trabalham sob o Serviço de Inspeção Federal, um deles abatendo 120.000 frangos/dia e o outro com um abate superior a 300.000 frangos/dia. Para avaliação macroscópica os parâmetros considerados foram a forma, coloração, tamanho, consistência, odor e presença ou não de lesões visíveis. Neste trabalho foi considerada a cor do órgão como sendo o principal parâmetro para caracterização das lesões macroscópicas, tendo-se observado fígados com alteração na cor, forma, tamanho e/ou consistência em 47/90 amostras; fígados marrom-pálidos e com outras alterações acroscópicas associadas perfizeram 19/90 amostras; fígados amarelos ou amarelados e com outras alterações associadas perfizeram 5/90 amostras e fígados verdes ou esverdeados e com outras alterações associadas perfizeram 19/90. Os diagnósticos histopatológicos incluíram colângio-hepatite heterofílica multifocal, degeneração e/ou necrose hepatocelular centrolobular e em ponte, hepatite necrosante aleatória, pericolangite heterofílica multifocal, peri-hepatite fibrinosa subaguda difusa acentuada e ainda outras alterações inespecíficas. A avaliação bacteriológica foi direcionada para pesquisa de Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. e Staphylococcus sp. Utilizando-se cultivo direto das amostras de fígado em meios de cultura seletivos, isolou-se E. coli em 26/100 amostras e Staphylococcus sp. em 24/100 amostras, independentemente do diagnóstico morfológico obtido na avaliação histopatológica. Para pesquisa de salmonelas utilizouse a metodologia convencional preconizada pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, entretanto não houve isolamento de nenhuma bactéria do gênero Salmonella. Pode-se observar o predomínio de lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas compatíveis com infecção bacteriana e concluir que os critérios de condenação de vísceras utilizados pela inspeção sanitária foram, neste caso, adequados e eficientes na eliminação de fígados com risco de transmissão de enfermidades.

This study investigated the influence of Tyler Perry‟s House of Payne and Meet the Browns on black viewers‟ racial identity, based on a survey of 145 members of four predominantly African American churches in the Central Florida area. Mirroring Allen, Dawson, and Brown‟s (1989) model of an African American racial belief system, this study proposed that both shows would positively influence three dimensions of the black identity including closeness to blacks, black separatism, and the belief in positive stereotypes about blacks, while negatively influencing the dimension that emphasizes negative stereotypes about blacks. Socioeconomic status and religiosity were also hypothesized to predict exposure to both shows. The results show that while House of Payne positively influenced two dimensions of the black identity including closeness to blacks and the belief in positive stereotypes about blacks, Meet the Browns did not have a statistically significant relationship with any of the dimensions of the black identity. Additionally, results showed mixed support for the relationship between socioeconomic status, religiosity, and show exposure. While education had a negative relationship with exposure to both House of Payne and Meet the Browns, the income variable revealed no significant results with either show. Lastly, religiosity was shown to be a significant predictor of exposure to House of Payne, but not Meet the Browns. The findings suggest that Perry‟s shows may be considered by viewers as more beneficial than harmful to viewers to their racial identity and experience, which contradicts the critiques of his images as reverberating with negative stereotypical images of the past. Findings also suggest the importance of education and religion to black socialization patterns.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relation är ett globalt samhällsproblem som drabbar många kvinnor varje år. Detta orsakar stora konsekvenser för deras hälsa och kan även leda till deras död. I distriktssköterskors uppgift ingår att arbeta hälsofrämjande för att lindra lidande, förebygga ohälsa samt att upptäcka våld i nära relation. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva distriktsköterskors erfarenhet av att fråga och agera vid våld i nära relation i mötet med kvinnor i primärvård. Metod: En kvalitativ studie tillämpades med öppna frågor. Vid analysen av materialet användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att distriktssköterskor saknar tydliga rutiner för att möjliggöra att frågan om våld i nära relation ställs, men att de ändå frågar vid tecken på eller misstanke om våld. De aspekter som skapar en känsla av trygghet för vid dessa svåra möten är stöttning av kollegor och chefer. Essensen av fenomenet byggs upp av tre kategorier: Vad påverkar att fråga eller inte fråga om våld i nära relation; Förutsättningar som möjliggör att frågan ställs samt Att agera efter att frågan ställs. Konklusion: Det behövs tydligare rutiner samt ytterligare kunskap för att möjliggöra för distriktssköterskor att i större omfattning fråga om våld i nära relation. / Background: Intimate partner violence is a global health issue that effects many women and their well-being each year and it can also cause their death. A district nurse’s task is to promote health, prevent suffering and to identify intimate partner violence.  Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe district nurses' experience of asking and acting on intimate partner violence in the meeting with women in primary care.  Method: A qualitative study was applied with open questions. A qualitative content analysis was used in the analysis of the material.  Findings: The result showed that district nurses lack clear routines to enable the question of IPV to be asked, but they do ask when signs of intimate partner violence are present. The aspects that make district nurses feel safe in those difficult meetings are support from colleagues and managers. The essence of the phenomenon is built up by three categories: What affects asking or not asking about intimate partner violence; Conditions that enable the question to be asked and Acting after the question is asked.  Conclusion: Clearer routines and knowledge are needed to enable district nurses to ask more extensively about intimate partner violence.