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Agroforestry for improved cycling on small farms in western Kenya /Ohlsson, Eva L., January 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Nitrogen turnover and leaching in cropping systems with ryegrass catch crops /Aronsson, Helena, January 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Phosphatase activities (ACP, ALP) in agroecosystem soils /Šarapatka, Bořivoj. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Organic inputs from agroforestry trees on farms for improving soil quality and crop productivity in Ethiopia /Teklay, Tesfay, January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Seasonality and Ecosystem Response in Prehistoric Agricultural Regions of Central ArizonaJanuary 2011 (has links)
abstract: This thesis explores the independent effects of the manipulation of rocks into alignments, prehistoric farming, and season on soil properties in two areas with a history of prehistoric agriculture in central Arizona, Pueblo la Plata within the Agua Fria National Monument (AFNM), and an archaeological site north of the Phoenix basin along Cave Creek (CC). Soil properties, annual herbaceous biomass and the physical properties of alignments and surface soils were measured and compared across the landscape, specifically on: 1) agricultural rock alignments that were near the archaeological site 2) geologically formed rock alignments that were located 0.5-1 km away from settlements; and 3) areas both near and far from settlements where rock alignments were absent. At AFNM, relatively well-built rock alignments have altered soil properties and processes while less-intact alignments at CC have left few legacies. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2011
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Carbon felt modifications for electro-Fenton process towards zero energy depollution / Modifications de feutres de carbone pour le procédé électro-Fenton : application à un système de dépollution de type pile à combustibleLe, Thi Xuan Huong 06 March 2017 (has links)
Ce manuscrit de thèse est consacré à la modification de feutres de carbone pour la préparation de matériaux d’électrodes hautement performants pour le procédé électro-Fenton (EF), appliqué aux traitements des eaux chargées en polluants bioréfractaires. Dans un premier temps, des feutres de carbone commerciaux (CF) ont été mis en œuvre pour optimiser l'élimination de colorants (Acide Orange) et de produits pharmaceutiques (Paracétamol). Les chemins réactionnels conduisant à la minéralisation de ces polluants bioréfractaires ont été élucidés et la toxicité des sous-produits identifiés a été déterminée à différents temps d’électrolyse. Dans la suite du travail, une nouvelle cathode a été préparée par dépôt électrochimique d'oxyde de graphène réduit (rGO) sur la surface des feutres de carbone commerciaux. Divers moyens de réduction ont été étudiés et les propriétés structurales et texturales de l'électrode modifiée ont été déterminées par microscope électronique à balayage, diffraction des rayons X, Spectrométrie photoélectronique X, BET et mesure d'angle de contact. La cathode élaborée présente une bonne stabilité et une grande efficacité de traitement lorsqu'elle est appliquée pour décomposer l’Acide Orange 7 (AO7), la molécule de colorant azoïque modèle choisie. Dans une dernière partie du travail, nous avons proposé un système original de traitement électrochimique de type EF à base d’une pile à glucose. Dans ce système, l’énergie nécessaire est fournie par l’oxydation du glucose à l’anode, sur feutre de carbone décoré de nanoparticules d’or alors que la cathode est constituée du feutre modifié par un carbone microporeux dopé en azote présentant des propriétés d’électrocatalyse compatibles à la réduction de l’oxygène en peroxyde d’hydrogène dans la cellule de type pile à combustible. Le manuscrit présente la synthèse et la caractérisation de ces deux électrodes. L’originalité du travail réside en la quantité particulièrement faible d’or nécessaire à l’anode et au potentiel de réduction de l’oxygène particulièrement haut obtenus sur les carbones microporeux dopés à l’azote. Les propriétés catalytiques de l'anode et de la cathode ont induit une densité de courant de sortie stable (360,3 ± 51,5 mA.m-2 à 400 ± 50 mV) et maintenue à long terme. En conséquence, 90% de la concentration initiale du polluant (AO7) a été éliminée après une dégradation prolongée de 10 h. La puissance de la cellule est faible (170 mW.m-2) mais constante au moins pendant deux mois. Cette première preuve de concept d'un système abiotique de type pile à combustible - Fenton a démontré une efficacité élevée vis-à-vis de la dégradation des polluants bioréfractaires avec un énorme potentiel dans les domaines liés à l'énergie et la protection de l’environnement. / This thesis manuscript presented the modification and application of carbon felt material for wastewater treatment accommodating biorefractory pollutants by electro-Fenton (EF) process. First of all, the optimal condition of EF treatment for dye/pharmaceuticals removal using commercial carbon felt (CF) was investigated. From that, the degradation pathways in the relationship with the toxicity of their by-products were built and proposed. Concerning the modification for commercial CF, a new cathode was set up by electrochemical deposition of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) on the surface of CF via various reduction ways. The structure property of modified electrode was investigated by SEM, XRD, XPS, BET and contact angle measurement. The new cathode exhibited good stability and high treatment efficiency when it was applied to decompose Acid Orange 7 (AO7), a model azo dye molecule. The EF treatment was also developed further by contributing a new Fuel-cell Fenton system without any external power supply. In this approach, AO7 was continuously chosen to degrade by electro-Fenton process at a designed cathode (Carbon Felt (CF)/porous Carbon (pC)) supplied by direct clean electrical energy from abiotic glucose oxidation at a CF/gold anode (CF@Au). The catalytic properties of both anode and cathode induced a stable output current density of 360.3 ± 51.5 mA m−2 at 400 ± 50 mV, maintained for long-term period. As a consequence, 90 % of the initial concentration of the pollutant, identified by HPLC analysis, was eliminated upon extended EF degradation for 10 h, and the cell power output of 170 mW m-2 was stable at least for two months. Hence, this first proof of concept of an abiotic Fuel cell – Fenton system demonstrated a high efficiency towards pollutant degradation with a huge potential in both energy-related areas and environmental protection.
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Les systèmes métallogéniques hydrothermaux à tungstène et métaux rares (Nb-Ta-Li-Sn) de la période Jurassique-Crétacé au sud de la province de Jiangxi (Chine) / Tungsten and rare metal (Nb-Ta-Li-Sn) hydrothermal metallogenic systems of the Jurassic-Cretaceous period in the southern Jiangxi province (SE China)Legros, Hélène 14 December 2017 (has links)
Le tungstène est défini comme “ressource minérale critique” par la Commission Européenne. La province de Jiangxi, située au sud-est de la Chine, dans le bloc Cathaysia, représente 90 % des réserves en tungstène chinoises. Ce travail est basé sur l’étude des gisements hydrothermaux à W-Sn de Maoping et Piaotang, tous deux situés dans le district de Dayu (sud de la province de Jiangxi). Cette thèse a permis de (i) développer des traceurs pétrographiques et minéralogiques de processus minéralisateurs à travers des études paragénétiques détaillées et la géochimie des micas lithinifères et donc d’apporter un modèle impliquant des fluides multiples se chevauchant dans le temps et associés à plusieurs épisodes distincts de mise en place de minéralisations en métaux rares, (ii) définir par l’étude d’inclusions fluides deux processus fluides comme seul responsables de la précipitation de la minéralisation dans ces gisements « géants » : la différenciation magmatique de granites peralumineux et des processus de mélange, et (iii) de développer des approches de datation associés à ces systèmes montrant que la minéralisation en tungstène se met en place aux alentours de 160 Ma, antérieurement à la plupart des âges obtenus sur les minéraux de gangue datés dans cette zone et défini alors une remise à zéro majeure des systèmes isotopiques par de multiples circulations fluides entre 150 et 155 Ma. De plus, les stades post-minéralisations ont pu être définis pour la première fois et révèlent l’implication de magmatisme peralcalin impliqué dans la précipitation de minéralisations à Nb-Ta-Y-REE aux alentours de 130 Ma. A la lumière de cette observation, cette thèse s’est aussi tournée vers le développement de méthodes de datation in situ sur columbo-tantalite / Tungsten is defined as a “critical mineral resource” by the European Commission. The Jiangxi province, located in the southeastern part of China, in the Cathaysia block, represents 90% of the Chinese tungsten resources. This work is based on the study of the Maoping and Piaotang W-Sn hydrothermal deposits located in the Dayu district (southern Jiangxi). This thesis managed to (i) develop mineralogical and petrological tracers of ore-forming processes through detailed paragenetic sequences and geochemistry of Li-micas and shows that multiple overlapping fluids associated to several and distinct rare-metal mineralizing stages, (ii) distinguish by fluid inclusions studies that peraluminous magmatic differentiation and mixing processes are the only prequisite for the formation of these giant deposits, and (iii) develop dating approaches associated to these systems to demonstrate that the W mineralization formed at ca. 160 Ma, prior to most ages obtained on gangue minerals in the area, defining a major resetting of isotopic systems due to multiple fluid circulations around 150-155 Ma. Moreover, post-“silicate-oxide” stages have been defined for the first time and reveal the implication of peralkaline new fluid sources involved in the precipitation of Nb-Ta-Y-REE minerals at ca. 130 Ma. In the light of these results, this thesis gives new developments for in situ direct dating of ore-bearing minerals such as columbo-tantalite
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Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso / Cover crops residues decomposition and nitrous oxide emissionsWeiler, Douglas Adams 28 February 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The inclusion of summer cover crops (SCC) in the no-till system is an interesting alternative to promote the addition of elevated quantities of plant biomass and nitrogen (N) to the soil. The C and N dynamics during the SCC residue decomposition can control the nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to the atmosphere. This study was carried out to quantify the SCC residue (shoot and root) decomposition, N release and N2O production after the SCC management, in order to select species that combine high biomass and N addition to the soil with low N2O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 from April to September, on a Typic Hapludalf, in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state. The SCC used in the experiment were: velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima); pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea); crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). In addition, there were two fallow treatments. After the SCC management white oat (Avena sativa) and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sowed in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Each year the N fertilizer was applied only in one of the two fallow treatments. In both years the SCC residue decomposition and N release was evaluated through the mesh-bag technique and the N2O fluxes were evaluated through the static chamber technique. The C and N release dynamics followed same pattern for both the SCC shoots and roots. The highest C and N release was observed from shoot residues during first 30 days after SCC management. After 140 days, lowest C and N release from both shoot and root residues was observed from jack bean while highest was recorded for pearl millet. During this period, roots showed higher values for the remaining C and N, indicating that they can contribute relatively more significantly for the C and N accumulation in the soil. The highest N2O fluxes occurred during first 40 days after SCC management, followed by rainfall events. The C availability seems to control the N2O fluxes to the atmosphere, working directly as the energy source for the denitrifier bacteria or indirectly on the reduction of the O2 availability. The highest N2O cumulative emissions were observed during the decomposition of the crotalaria residue. The N losses as N2O were not proportional to the N addition, reaching 0.8 % of the N added by the SCC. Among SCC, the sunn hemp showed lowest values in terms of N2O emission with relation to added biomass (90 and 176 g of N-N2O Mg-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that among SCC, sunn hemp can be used to combining C and N addition to soil with low N2O emissions. / A inclusão de plantas de cobertura de verão (PCVs) em sistema plantio direto é uma alternativa interessante para promover a adição de elevadas quantidades de fitomassa e nitrogênio (N) ao solo. A dinâmica do C e do N durante a decomposição dos resíduos culturais das PCVs após o manejo pode controlar os fluxos de óxido nitroso (N2O) para a atmosfera. O presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a decomposição e liberação de N dos resíduos culturais (parte aérea e raízes) e a produção de N2O após o manejo das PCVs, de modo a selecionar espécies que combinem alto aporte de fitomassa e N ao solo com baixas emissões de N2O. O estudo foi realizado no período de abril a setembro de 2010 e 2011, em um Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico arênico, na região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. As PCVs avaliadas foram: mucuna-preta (Mucuna aterrima); milheto (Pennisetum americanum); guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan); crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea); crotalária spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis) e feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis). Além desses, foram avaliados dois tratamentos que permaneceram em pousio. A cultura de inverno semeada em sucessão às PCVs e aos pousis em 2010 foi a aveia branca (Avena sativa) e em 2011a aveia preta (Avena strigosa). Apenas a aveia semeada em um dos tratamentos em pousio recebeu adubação nitrogenada. Nos dois anos a decomposição e a liberação de N dos resíduos culturais das PCVs foram avaliadas usando a metodologia dos sacos de decomposição e os fluxos de N2O através do método da câmara estática. A dinâmica de liberação do C e do N seguiu um mesmo padrão tanto para a parte aérea quanto para as raízes das PCVs, sendo observada a maior liberação desses elementos nos primeiros 30 dias após o manejo das espécies e nos resíduos culturais da parte aérea. Aos 140 dias, após o manejo, os menores valores de C e N remanescente nos resíduos culturais (parte aérea e raízes) foram observados no feijão-de-porco, enquanto que os maiores valores verificados no milheto. No mesmo período, as raízes apresentaram maiores valores de C e N remanescente, indicando que estas podem contribuir relativamente mais significativamente para acúmulo de C e N no solo. Os maiores fluxos de N2O ocorreram nos primeiros 40 dias após o manejo, seguidos da ocorrência de precipitações pluviométricas. A disponibilidade de C parece controlar os fluxos de N2O para a atmosfera, servindo diretamente como fonte de energia para bactérias desnitrificadoras ou indiretamente na redução do O2 disponível. As maiores emissões cumulativas foram observadas durante a decomposição dos resíduos culturais da crotalária spectabilis. A perda de nitrogênio na forma de N2O não foi proporcional a adição de N, atingindo 0,80% do N adicionado pelas PCVs. Entre as leguminosas, a crotalária juncea apresentou os menores valores (90 e 176) para a relação g N-N2O Mg-1 de fitomassa adicionada e foi a espécie que melhor combina adição de C e N ao solo com baixas emissões de N2O.
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Plantas de cobertura de solo consorciadas e em cultivo solteiro: Decomposição e fornecimento de nitrogênio ao milho / Cover crops in mixtures or in pure stands: Decomposition and nitrogen supply to cronDoneda, Alexandre 26 February 2010 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No-tillage system is a soil management practice which predominates in the agricultural fields of Rio Grande do Sul Plateau. For its success, is essential the permanent vegetal soil cover maintenance and an adequate crop rotation system. However, many areas remain in fallow during the winter or the main cover crop used is oat in pure stand. It s necessary to introduce new species of cover crops for rotation with the oat in the winter and also for the use in mixtures, in order to conciliate the soil protection and the nitrogen supply to crops in succession. The objective of this work was to evaluate the
decomposition and nitrogen supply to the no-tillage corn, using cover crops in mixture or in purestands. The study was conducted in Nao-Me-Toque, RS, in an Oxisol. It was evaluated ten treatments which consisted of four cover crops in pure stands [rye (Secale cereale L), oat (Avena strigosa Schreb), winter pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.
oleiferus Metzg)], five of mixtures [(rye + winter pea, rye + oilseed radish, oat + oilseed radish, rye +
common vetch (Vicia sativa L) and oat + common vetch)] and one in fallow, with spontaneous vegetation of the area. The decomposition dynamics and nitrogen release was evaluated by conditioning the crop residues of each treatment in mesh bags which were placed on the soil surface and collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, 57, 117, 164 days. After the management of cover crops, the main plots
were subdivided into six subplots where the no-tillage corn was fertilized with six nitrogen levels: zero, 50% of N recommended amount by the Comissão de Química e Fetilidade do Solo- RS/SC (CQFS) (2004), the N recommended amount by the CQFS but only in top dressing, 100, 150 and
200% of the N recommended amount by the CQFS. The oilseed radish was the specie that, in pure stand or mixed to rye and oat, had a highest dry matter yield and N accumulation. The decomposition rate and nitrogen release was inversely proportional to the C/N ratio of residues. When mixed, the rate of decomposition and nitrogen release of residues from cover crops was intermediate to that observed for pure stands. The use of cover crops enhanced the corn yield in 11.2%, relatively to the fallow. / O sistema plantio direto é a forma de manejo do solo predominante nas lavouras do Planalto do Rio Grande do Sul. Para o sucesso do mesmo, é fundamental a manutenção de cobertura vegetal permanente sobre o solo e um adequado sistema de rotação de culturas. No entanto, muitas áreas ainda permanecem em pousio no período invernal ou então com aveia em cultivo solteiro. É preciso introduzir novas espécies de plantas de cobertura para rotação com aveia no inverno e também para uso em consórcios, a fim de conciliar proteção do solo e fornecimento de nitrogênio às culturas em
sucessão. Conduziu-se esse trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a decomposição dos resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura solteiras e consorciadas e o fornecimento de nitrogênio ao milho cultivado em sucessão, em plantio direto. O trabalho foi realizado em Não-Me-Toque, RS, em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos constituídos por quatro culturas solteiras [centeio (Secale cereale L), aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb), ervilha forrageira (Pisum sativum subesp. arvense) e nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg)], cinco consórcios [(centeio + ervilha forrageira, centeio + nabo forrageiro, aveia + nabo forrageiro, centeio + ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L.) e aveia + ervilhaca)], além de um tratamento em pousio, com a vegetação espontânea da área. A dinâmica de decomposição e liberação de nitrogênio foi avaliada acondicionando-se os
resíduos de cada tratamento em bolsas de decomposição, as quais foram distribuídas na superfície do solo e coletadas aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 57, 117, 164 dias. Após o manejo das plantas de cobertura, as parcelas principais foram subdivididas em 6 subparcelas onde foi implantada a cultura do milho, em
plantio direto, com seis tratamentos compostos por doses de nitrogênio. Foram utilizadas 6 doses de N, na forma de uréia: zero, 50% da recomendação de N conforme a Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo RS/SC (2004) (CQFS), a recomendação da CQFS somente em cobertura, 100,
150 e 200% da recomendação da CQFS. O nabo foi a espécie que, em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com centeio ou aveia, apresentou maior produção de matéria seca e acúmulo de N. A velocidade de decomposição e liberação de nitrogênio dos resíduos culturais das plantas de cobertura foi inversamente proporcional à sua relação C/N. Quando consorciadas, a taxa de decomposição e liberação de nitrogênio dos resíduos das plantas de cobertura foi intermediária ao observado para as
culturas puras. O uso de plantas de cobertura aumentou a produtividade de grãos de milho em 11,2 %, relativamente ao pousio invernal.
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Manejo de plantas espontâneas e fertilização nitrogenada em présemeadura do milho em plantio direto / Management of weeds and nitrogen fertilization on pre-sowing corn in no-till systemRena, Frederico Cotta 30 April 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The fractioned Nitrogen fertilization is a management strategy in which the largest fraction of the dosage is applied in topdressing. In Tillage System (TS), topdressing fertilization efficiency when using urea is compromised by the difficulty of incorporating the fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilization in pre-sowing, during the desiccation of the cover plants is a successful strategy, but in restricted conditions. The experiment aimed to evaluate the nitrogen fertilization in corn pre-sowing under Tillage system, with management of weed plants using pearly or grainy urea. The experiment was held in the experimental field of the Plant Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa during the 2010/2011 crop. The soil of the experimental area was a Red-Yellow Podsol grown for six years in Tillage System. The factors studied were cover plants prior to maize crop (grass Marandú - Brachiaria brizantha, oat - Avena strigosa and weed plants); Nitrogen dose applied at pre-sowing maize with desiccation of cover plants or the topdressing in the V4 stage of corn development (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1), the application period of 200 kg ah-1 de N in pre-sowing in relation to the desiccation (20 days before, during the desiccation or 20 days after it) and form of urea (PETROBRAS pearly urea - UPP, PETROBRAS granulated urea - UGP and special granulated urea - UTI). These factors were combined in an incomplete factorial according to the Baconian matrix, totaling 29 treatments. Before desiccation, the amount of biomass cover plants was quantified then identified the species of weed plants and determined and content of N in the biomass. The N input through the waste was estimated. In treatment with fractioned application of 200 kg ha-1 N with different Nitrogen fertilizers at respective seasons to desiccation evaluated volatilization of NH3 through static semi-open collectors. The waste of ammonia was expressed regarding the dose of N applied. At the end of the growing cycle of corn (± 70 days after germination) were collected corn plants that have been properly processed for the analysis of the percentage of N. Estimated the amount of N accumulated in shoots of corn and based on these, an estimation of the apparent recovery of N fertilizer, considering or not the N contributed by residues of cover plants. Maize grain productivity was expressed with the grain humidity corrected to 13%. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization 20 days before drying, with weeds still alive provided greater N accumulation in biomass and reduction in C/N ratio. However this has not favored higher mineralization whereas management of weeds through herbicide application was not effective to enable the Nitrogen in the pre-sowing of the Tillage corn. The management of oats as cover crop by herbicide application was more effective to enable the Nitrogen fertilization in the pre-sowing. The special granulated urea was particularly effective for nitrogen fertilization in pre-sowing of maize under TS as management of cover crop through chemical desiccation. / O parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada é a estratégia de manejo em que a maior fração da dose é aplicada na adubação de cobertura. No sistema plantio direto (SPD), pela dificuldade de incorporação do fertilizante, há um comprometimento da eficiência da adubação de cobertura quando se utiliza a ureia. A adubação nitrogenada em pré-semeadura, por ocasião da dessecação da planta de cobertura tem sido uma estratégia de sucesso, mas em restritas condições. O experimento objetivou avaliar a adubação nitrogenada na pré-semeadura do milho em SPD, com manejo das plantas espontâneas utilizando a ureia na forma perolada ou granulada. O experimento foi conduzido no campo experimental do DFT/UFV durante a safra 2010/2011. em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Câmbico, cultivado há seis anos em SPD. Foram fatores em estudo: planta de cobertura antecessora à cultura do milho (capim Marandú - Brachiaria brizantha, aveia preta - Avena strigosa e as plantas espontâneas); dose de nitrogênio aplicada na pré-semeadura do milho com a dessecação das plantas de cobertura ou em cobertura no estádio V4 de desenvolvimento do milho (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), época da aplicação de 200 kg ha-1 de N na pré-semeadura em relação à dessecação (20 dias antes, na dessecação ou 20 dias após) e forma de ureia (ureia perolada PETROBRAS UPP, ureia granulada PETROBRAS UGP e ureia granulada especial UTI). Estes fatores foram combinados em um fatorial incompleto de acordo com a estrutura da matriz Baconiana, totalizando 29 tratamentos. Antes da dessecação quantificou-se a biomassa das plantas de cobertura, identificaram-se as espécies de plantas espontâneas e determinou-se o teor de N na biomassa. Foi estimada a quantidade de N aportada por meio dos resíduos. Em parcelas com aplicação de 200 kg ha-1 com os diferentes fertilizantes nitrogenados nas respectivas épocas em relação à dessecação avaliou-se a volatilização de NH3 por meio de coletores semiaberto estáticos. A perda de amônia foi expressa em relação à dose de N aplicada. Ao final do ciclo vegetativo do milho (±70 dias após a germinação) coletaram-se plantas de milho, que foram processadas para a análise do teor de N. Estimaram-se as quantidades de N acumuladas na parte aérea do milho e com base nestas, estimou-se a recuperação aparente do N dos fertilizantes, considerando ou não o N aportado pelos resíduos das plantas de cobertura. A produtividade do milho foi expressa com a umidade dos grãos corrigida para 13 %. Conclui-se que a adubação nitrogenada 20 dias antes da dessecação, com as plantas espontâneas ainda vivas proporcionou maior acúmulo de N na biomassa e redução na relação C/N. No entanto, isso não favoreceu maior mineralização considerando que manejo das plantas espontâneas por meio da dessecação química não foi eficaz para viabilizar a adubação nitrogenada na pré-semeadura no milho em sistema plantio direto. O manejo da aveia como planta de cobertura por meio da dessecação química foi mais eficaz para viabilizar a adubação nitrogenada na pré-semeadura. A ureia granulada especial foi eficaz para a adubação nitrogenada em pré-semeadura do milho em SPD, como manejo da planta de cobertura por meio da dessecação química.
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