Comparative studies documented relationships between mitochondrial respiration and phenotype among genetically divergent animals. Broiler chickens' mitochondria ranked higher than layer chickens' for state 3 respiration (16.1 ± 0.4 μM O₂/mg protein/min), respiratory control ratio (3.5 ± 0.1) and ADP:O ratio (1.05 ± 0.01 μM ADP/μA O) utilizing succinate. Broilers yielded more (P < .05) mitochondrial protein than did layers (7.8 vs. 6.2 ± 0.2 mg/g hepatic tissue). Within-breed mitochondrial activity had no associations with chicken weight or egg production. C57BL/6J mice mitochondria had higher (P < .05) respiratory control ratios (4.06 vs. 3.78 ± 0.09), and C57BL/6J females higher state 3 respiration rates utilizing succinate (strain by sex interaction P < .01), than A/J or BALB/cJ mice mitochondria. BALB/cJ mitochondria had higher (P < .05) ADP:O ratios utilizing pyruvate than C57BL/6J mitochondria (1.58 vs. 1.46 ± 0.04 μM ADP/μA O). Rapid ATP synthesis rates of C57BL/6J female mice were associated generally with reproductive superiority. Inbred mouse body weight was not associated with mitochondrial respiration. Original data confirmed CB6F₁, but not CAF₁, hybrid mice were heterotic for postweaning growth. Hybridization increased (P < .05) mitochondrial mass, but did not enhance respiration. No association existed between growth heterosis and mitochondrial function in hybrid mice. Unexpected sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial respiration existed across mouse strains. Testosterone administration and orchiectomy confirmed female mice exhibited superior organelle activity. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis rates of Holstein cows correlated (+.30 to +.48) with milk production traits of cows and their dams suggested maternal breeding values for milk yield might be improved by considering mitochondrial effects. No breed differences in state 3 respiration (17.7 ± 0.6 μM O2/mg protein/min) or ADP:O ratio with succinate (1.17 ± 0.01 μM ADP/μA O) existed among Angus, Brangus and Hereford cows. Regression analyses of growth traits of cows and their relatives on mitochondrial parameters revealed mainly nonsignificant mitochondrial effects. Significant regression coefficients (-0.43 to -1.05) were found for some cattle growth traits regressed on ADP:O ratios. No mitochondrial complementation occurred between neutrally-combining animal strains. Complementation occurred in mitochondrial mixtures from females of mouse strains with positive combining ability exclusively. Cow mitochondrial mixtures had lower (P < .05) state 3 rates than predicted.

The production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria results in mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidative stress. Because mitochondria play such a crucial role in cell function through the production of energy and the regulation of apoptosis this mitochondrial damage can lead to cellular dysfunction and ultimately to the pathophysiology of many diseases. A series of mitochondria-targeted derivatives of vitamin E (MitoE) have been synthesised. The synthesis begins from readily available starting materials and can be systematically varied to create a MitoE analogue of desired lipophilicity. The syntheses of MitoE₂, MitoE₄, MitoE₆, MitoE₁₀ and MitoE₁₁ have been completed and are reported herein. MitoE₂ and MitoE₁₀ have been assessed for antioxidant efficacy and they are significantly more potent than untargeted vitamin E analogues. Modification of the phenolic functionality of vitamin E causes significant perturbation to its biological activity. Substitution at this position with a succinoyl ester results in potent pro-apoptotic activity and selective toxicity to malignant cells. A mitochondria-targeted analogue of vitamin E succinate (MitoE succinate) has been synthesised by reaction of MitoE₁₁ with succinic anhydride. This compound is a particularly potent inducer of apoptosis in malignant cells and is non-toxic to non-malignant cells. MitoQ₁₀ is well established as a potent mitochondria-targeted antioxidant in vitro, however in vivo results are limited. In this study MitoQ₁₀ was examined in an ex vivo cardiac model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. It was found to be significantly more effective than untargeted antioxidants at reducing cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as tissue damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion. Because mitochondria play a key role in a wide range of pathologies, imaging mitochondrial function in vivo would have great diagnostic value. A series of fluorine containing phosphonium salts have been synthesised these compounds have potential applications in �⁹F MRI imaging.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-130). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

The production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria results in mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidative stress. Because mitochondria play such a crucial role in cell function through the production of energy and the regulation of apoptosis this mitochondrial damage can lead to cellular dysfunction and ultimately to the pathophysiology of many diseases. A series of mitochondria-targeted derivatives of vitamin E (MitoE) have been synthesised. The synthesis begins from readily available starting materials and can be systematically varied to create a MitoE analogue of desired lipophilicity. The syntheses of MitoE₂, MitoE₄, MitoE₆, MitoE₁₀ and MitoE₁₁ have been completed and are reported herein. MitoE₂ and MitoE₁₀ have been assessed for antioxidant efficacy and they are significantly more potent than untargeted vitamin E analogues. Modification of the phenolic functionality of vitamin E causes significant perturbation to its biological activity. Substitution at this position with a succinoyl ester results in potent pro-apoptotic activity and selective toxicity to malignant cells. A mitochondria-targeted analogue of vitamin E succinate (MitoE succinate) has been synthesised by reaction of MitoE₁₁ with succinic anhydride. This compound is a particularly potent inducer of apoptosis in malignant cells and is non-toxic to non-malignant cells. MitoQ₁₀ is well established as a potent mitochondria-targeted antioxidant in vitro, however in vivo results are limited. In this study MitoQ₁₀ was examined in an ex vivo cardiac model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. It was found to be significantly more effective than untargeted antioxidants at reducing cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as tissue damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion. Because mitochondria play a key role in a wide range of pathologies, imaging mitochondrial function in vivo would have great diagnostic value. A series of fluorine containing phosphonium salts have been synthesised these compounds have potential applications in �⁹F MRI imaging.

2 reprints from the journal Plant Physiology in end pocket / 124, 21 leaves : diags. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1976

Thesis (Ph.D.)-- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1976. / 2 reprints from the journal Plant Physiology in end pocket.

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

abstract / Biological Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy