One of the key aspects of digital broadcast television is the need to compress the digital video to reduce the transmission bandwidth requirement. Numerous video coding standards have been defined with properties that depend upon the targeted application. For example, H.263 is primarily designed for low bit-rate applications, and MPEG-II is used for applications where quality is the most important aspect. These coding standards are primarily models for how to efficiently code video. They, in general, do not consider how the coded video is broadcast, and how the compressed video bitstream responds to transmission errors. In this thesis, the properties of the MPEG-II coding standard are investigated (although many of the results are extensible to the other frequency transform based video codecs).

by Alan Yeung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-[56]). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- MPEG Overview --- p.5 / Chapter 3 --- Framework of Frame-Skipping Lossy Aggregation --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1 --- Video Frames Delivery using Round-Robin Scheduling --- p.10 / Chapter 3.2 --- Underflow Safety Margin on Receiver Buffers --- p.12 / Chapter 3.3 --- Algorithm in Frame-Skipping Aggregation Controller --- p.13 / Chapter 4 --- Replacement of Skipped Frames in MPEG Sequence --- p.17 / Chapter 5 --- Subjective Assessment Test on Frame-Skipped Video --- p.21 / Chapter 5.1 --- Test Settings and Material --- p.22 / Chapter 5.2 --- Choice of Test Methods --- p.23 / Chapter 5.3 --- Test Procedures --- p.25 / Chapter 5.4 --- Test Results --- p.26 / Chapter 6 --- Performance Study --- p.29 / Chapter 6.1 --- Experiment 1: Number of Supportable Streams --- p.31 / Chapter 6.2 --- Experiment 2: Frame-Skipping Rate When Multiplexing on a Leased T3 Link --- p.33 / Chapter 6.3 --- Experiment 3: Bandwidth Usage --- p.35 / Chapter 6.4 --- Experiment 4: Optimal USMT --- p.38 / Chapter 7 --- Implementation Considerations --- p.41 / Chapter 8 --- Conclusions --- p.45 / Chapter A --- The Construction of Stuffed Artificial B Frame --- p.48 / Bibliography --- p.53

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-118).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2002. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 67 p.; also contains graphics. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Streaming MPEG, User Study, Video Quality, Forward Error Correction, Temporal Scaling, Quality Scaling. Includes bibliographical references (p.186-198).

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T10:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T20:53:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 181350.pdf: 4168422 bytes, checksum: 2d241c00d2a71342000a9e91be0b2eb0 (MD5) / Os servidores de armazenamento multimídia surgiram da necessidade de manipulação das informações multimídia. Diante das características deste tipo de informação, as quais diferenciam -se amplamente das informações alfanuméricas, o conceito de Qualidade de Serviço (QoS) precisou ser incorporado ao projeto deste tipo de servidor, visando proporcionar a entraga satifatória dos serviços solicitados. Aqualidade originalmente associada ao serviço, a fim de atender as necessidades dos usuários, pode ser modificada e desta forma, passar por um processo de adaptação às novas exigências dos mesmos. O trabalho de Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado tem como objetivo propor um modelo para a transmissão de fluxos MPEG-2 com QoS, a partir de servidores de armazenamento multimídia. Esta contribuição poderá posteriormente fazer parte de uma infra-estrutura maior, haja visto que o modelo proposto trata ainda dos processos de mapeamento e negociação dos parâmetros de Qualidade e Serviço executado durante a fase de configuração destas tranmissões. O presente trabalho baseia-se especificamente em servidores de vídeo MPEG-2 tendo como meio de transporte a Rede ATM, um vez que o mesmo interessa-se somente na definição de QoS ao nível desta tecnologia. A fim de que o embasamento necessário para a apresentação desta Dissertação fosse obtido, a exposição de alguns conceitos iniciais tornou-se essencialmente importante. Portanto, este trabalho introduz também os principais conceitos relativos a Aplicações Multimídia Distribuídas, Padrão de Compressão MPEG-2, Qualidade de Serviço, Tecnologia ATM e Sistema de Gerenciamento de Banco de Dados Multimídia e Servidores de Armazenamento Multimídia.

Lee Kam Sum. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-101). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1 --- Video representation using panorama mosaic and 3D face model --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Mosaic-based Video Representation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- "3D Human Face modeling ," --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- Video Representation using Mosaic Image --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Traditional Video Compression --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- 3D Face model Reconstruction via Multiple Views --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Shape from Silhouettes --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Head and Face Model Reconstruction --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Reconstruction using Generic Model --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- System Overview --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1 --- Panoramic Video Coding Process --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2 --- 3D Face model Reconstruction Process --- p.28 / Chapter 4 --- Panoramic Video Representation --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1 --- Mosaic Construction --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Cylindrical Panorama Mosaic --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Cylindrical Projection of Mosaic Image --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2 --- Foreground Segmentation and Registration --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Segmentation Using Panorama Mosaic --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Determination of Background by Local Processing --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Segmentation from Frame-Mosaic Comparison --- p.40 / Chapter 4.3 --- Compression of the Foreground Regions --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- MPEG-1 Compression --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- MPEG Coding Method: I/P/B Frames --- p.45 / Chapter 4.4 --- Video Stream Reconstruction --- p.48 / Chapter 5 --- Three Dimensional Human Face modeling --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1 --- Capturing Images for 3D Face modeling --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2 --- Shape Estimation and Model Deformation --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Head Shape Estimation and Model deformation --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Face organs shaping and positioning --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Reconstruction with both intrinsic and extrinsic parameters --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Reconstruction with only Intrinsic Parameter --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Essential Matrix --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Estimation of Essential Matrix --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- Recovery of 3D Coordinates from Essential Matrix --- p.67 / Chapter 5.3 --- Integration of Head Shape and Face Organs --- p.70 / Chapter 5.4 --- Texture-Mapping --- p.71 / Chapter 6 --- Experimental Result & Discussion --- p.74 / Chapter 6.1 --- Panoramic Video Representation --- p.74 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Compression Improvement from Foreground Extraction --- p.76 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Video Compression Performance --- p.78 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Quality of Reconstructed Video Sequence --- p.80 / Chapter 6.2 --- 3D Face model Reconstruction --- p.91 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion and Future Direction --- p.94 / Bibliography --- p.101

Lee Kar Kin Edwin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-134). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Lee Kar Kin Edwin. / Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Contents --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.xiii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- A brief review of transform-based video coding --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- A brief review of content-based video coding --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives of the research work --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis outline --- p.12 / Chapter 2 --- Incorporation of DC Coefficient Restoration into Foreground/Background coding --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- A review of FB coding in H.263 sequence --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- A review of DCCR --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- DCCRFB coding --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Methodology --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Implementation --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Experimental results --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- The use of block selection scheme in DCCRFB coding --- p.32 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Experimental results --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6 --- Summary --- p.47 / Chapter 3 --- Chin contour estimation on foreground human faces --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- Least mean square estimation of chin location --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3 --- Chin contour estimation using chin edge detector and contour modeling --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Face segmentation and facial organ extraction --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Identification of search window --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Edge detection using chin edge detector --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- "Determination of C0, C1 and c2" --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Chin contour modeling --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4 --- Experimental results --- p.71 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.77 / Chapter 4 --- Wire-frame model deformation and face animation using FAP --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2 --- Wire-frame face model deformation --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Wire-frame model selection and FDP generation --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Global deformation --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Local deformation --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Experimental results --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3 --- Face animation using FAP --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Introduction and methodology --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Experiments --- p.102 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.112 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusions and future developments --- p.113 / Chapter 5.1 --- Contributions and conclusions --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future developments --- p.117 / Appendix A H.263 bitstream syntax --- p.122 / Appendix B Excerpt of the FAP specification table [17] --- p.123 / Bibliography --- p.129

by Lam Cheung Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-179). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Problem Definition --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Motivation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Problems --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Illumination Changes and Motions in Videos --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Variations in Video Scene Characteristics --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- High Complexity of Algorithms --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Heterogeneous Approaches to Video Segmentation --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives and Approaches --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.13 / Chapter 2 --- Related Work --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Algorithms for Uncompressed Videos --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Pixel-based Method --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Histogram-based Method --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Motion-based Algorithms --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Color-ratio Based Algorithms --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Algorithms for Compressed Videos --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Algorithms based on JPEG Image Sequences --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Algorithms based on MPEG Videos --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Algorithms based on VQ Compressed Videos --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Frame Difference Analysis Methods --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Scene Cut Detection --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Gradual Transition Detection --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Speedup Techniques --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- Other Approaches --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- Analysis and Enhancement of Existing Algorithms --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2 --- Video Segmentation Algorithms --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Frame Difference Metrics --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Frame Difference Analysis Methods --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Analysis of Feature Extraction Algorithms --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Pair-wise pixel comparison --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Color histogram comparison --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Pair-wise block-based comparison of DCT coefficients --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Pair-wise pixel comparison of DC-images --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4 --- Analysis of Scene Change Detection Methods --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Global Threshold Method --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Sliding Window Method --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- Enhancements and Modifications --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Histogram Equalization --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- DD Method --- p.52 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- LA Method --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Modification for pair-wise pixel comparison --- p.57 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Modification for pair-wise DCT block comparison --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.69 / Chapter 4 --- Color Difference Histogram --- p.72 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2 --- Color Difference Histogram --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Definition of Color Difference Histogram --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Sparse Distribution of CDH --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Resolution of CDH --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- CDH-based Inter-frame Similarity Measure --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Computational Cost and Discriminating Power --- p.80 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Suitability in Scene Change Detection --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3 --- Insensitivity to Illumination Changes --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Sensitivity of CDH --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Comparison with other feature extraction algorithms --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4 --- Orientation and Motion Invariant --- p.96 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Camera Movements --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Object Motion --- p.100 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Comparison with other feature extraction algorithms --- p.100 / Chapter 4.5 --- Performance of Scene Cut Detection --- p.102 / Chapter 4.6 --- Time Complexity Comparison --- p.105 / Chapter 4.7 --- Extension to DCT-compressed Images --- p.106 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Performance of scene cut detection --- p.108 / Chapter 4.8 --- Conclusion --- p.109 / Chapter 5 --- Scene Change Detection --- p.111 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.111 / Chapter 5.2 --- Previous Approaches --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Scene Cut Detection --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Gradual Transition Detection --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3 --- DD Method --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Detecting Scene Cuts --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Detecting 1-frame Transitions --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Detecting Gradual Transitions --- p.129 / Chapter 5.4 --- Local Thresholding --- p.131 / Chapter 5.5 --- Experimental Results --- p.134 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Performance of CDH+DD and CDH+DL --- p.135 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Performance of DD on other features --- p.144 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion --- p.150 / Chapter 6 --- Motion Vector Based Approach --- p.151 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.151 / Chapter 6.2 --- Previous Approaches --- p.152 / Chapter 6.3 --- MPEG-I Video Stream Format --- p.153 / Chapter 6.4 --- Derivation of Frame Differences from Motion Vector Counts --- p.156 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Types of Frame Pairs --- p.156 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Conditions for Scene Changes --- p.157 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Frame Difference Measure --- p.159 / Chapter 6.5 --- Experiment --- p.160 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Performance of MV --- p.161 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Performance Enhancement --- p.162 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Limitations --- p.163 / Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.164 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion and Future Work --- p.165 / Chapter 7.1 --- Contributions --- p.165 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.169 / Chapter 7.3 --- Conclusion --- p.171 / Bibliography --- p.174 / Chapter A --- Sample Videos --- p.180 / Chapter B --- List of Abbreviations --- p.183

by Cheng Shu Ling. / Thesis submitted in: July 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-71). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Image Coding Standard: JPEG --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Video Coding Standard: MPEG --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- MPEG history --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- MPEG video compression algorithm overview --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- More MPEG features --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3 --- Summary --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Error Resiliency --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Traditional approaches --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Channel coding --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- ARQ --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Multi-layer coding --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Error Concealment --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- MPEG-4 work on error resilience --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Resynchronization --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Data Recovery --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Error Concealment --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Fixed length codes --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Tunstall code --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Lempel-Ziv code --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- LZ-77 --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- LZ-78 --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4 --- Simulation --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Experiment Setup --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Results --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Self-Synchronizable codes --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- Scholtz synchronizable code --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Definition --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Construction procedure --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Synchronizer --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Effects of errors --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3 --- Simulation --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Experiment Setup --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Results --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.69 / References --- p.70