[pt] O presente trabalho aborda o tema da imagem masculina, sob o aspecto da comunicação interpessoal, em duas obras de auto-ajuda para casais: Por que os homens fazem sexo e as mulheres fazem amor? Uma visão científica (e bemhumorada) de nossas diferenças, de Pease & Pease, e Homens são de marte, mulheres são de vênus: um guia prático para melhorar a comunicação e conseguir o que você quer nos seus relacionamentos, de Gray. A pesquisa busca analisar de que forma o homem está retratado, na relação homem-mulher, nos livros mais vendidos no Rio de Janeiro no período compreendido entre 2001 e 2005. Partindo dos pressupostos da psicologia social - e de contribuições teóricas de ciências afins -, são contempladas questões referentes à comunicação humana como interação social, a comunicação de massa e o livro de auto-ajuda, aos papéis masculinos antigos e contemporâneos, entre outras. Utiliza-se como instrumento metodológico a Análise de Discurso, baseando-se principalmente no MEDS - Método de Explicitação do Discurso Subjacente. Observa-se, através dos estudos considerados, que nos discursos dos livros de auto-ajuda o representante do sexo masculino apresenta-se com características comportamentais tanto associadas a épocas antigas quanto a condutas marcadamente contemporâneas - panorama que reflete o contexto do intitulado novo homem. Os dois livros de auto-ajuda reverberam uma imagem masculina já encontrada na sociedade, disponibilizando para o homem um leque de condutas que, provavelmente, o levará aos mesmos conflitos já vivenciados por ele, o que já é corroborado por estudos acadêmicos atuais. Os resultados desta pesquisa, assim, trazem alguns subsídios que visam possibilitar um melhor entendimento sobre a condição sociocultural do representante masculino na atualidade; e também, elementos para a compreensão da relação homem-mulher por parte de profissionais do campo da psicoterapia e de estudos psicossociais voltados a relacionamentos. / [en] Self-help books have become a persistent part and important role in our current socialization. This dissertation proposes a investigation about the thematic of masculine image, under the focus of interpersonal communication, on couples self-help books. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze in which way the man is being designed, into the man-woman relation, on the best-selling selfhelp books, at Rio de Janeiro, between 2001 and 2005. The data sources are the books that address attracting a partner or maintaining a romantic relationship: Why men don`t listen and women can`t read maps: how we`re different and what to do about it by Allan Pease and Barbara Pease, and Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus: a practical guide for improving communication and getting what you want in your relationships by John Gray. Supported by the key principles of social psychology - and of correlated sciences -, are contemplated themes concerning human communication as social interaction, mass communication and self-help book, old and new fashion masculine social roles, et al. The discourses analysis - by a qualitative research method: (UDUM) Underlying Discourse Unveiling Method -, reveal that the masculine image appears with old and new features in the behavior. In simple terms, repeat the new man image of our current society. The two self-help books endorse the masculine image yet existing, disposing various behaviors for man that, maybe, will take him to the sames conflicts - related to how to be a man nowadays -, already experienced by him; which is in agreement with contemporary academic research findings.

The practice of paying non-household members to do the reproductive labour of looking after children has a long history. The nanny phenomenon is closely allied to colonialism where servants administered ruling class needs. In South Africa, nannies are most often historically disenfranchised, working class, black woman. Beginning with Freud’s self analytic considerations of his kinderfraü, through the post war British object-relations tradition, scholarly reflection and later empirical research, have at best been anecdotal or en passant. The present study specifically concerned white apartheid-era men’s memories and subsequent appropriation of the experiences of being cared for by a nanny. Having a theoretical home between narrative and psychoanalysis, it began with the assumption that as much as there are deeply rooted unconscious motives and conflicts, white apartheid-era men demonstrate identity strategies which are intensely local (situationally realised) and global (dependent on broader conditions of intelligibility). In-depth interviews with nine research participants extended Frosh et als’ (2002), Hollway’s (1989) and Hollway and Jefferson’s (1997; 2000; 2001) “free association narrative technique”. The data was analysed in its thematic and narrative aspects. Results revealed that nanny memories comprise two distinct kinds of stories, dubbed “remembered black hands” and “kaffir se plek” narratives. In “remembered black hands”, recollections were imbued with tenderness, love and care; these were heart-warming stories of what it was to be the object of nanny’s ministrations. In these accounts they affirmed the importance of nanny’s place in the home: be it in daily care, as an ally, a retreat, a player in the family drama, even imbricated in their childhood sexuality. In “kaffir se plek” narratives the protagonists were situated in social space, recognised and granted identity. There were canonical imperatives to accept that nanny’s personhood counted for nothing, that she was dispensable and that she had a distinct, lesser place in the social order. The co-existence of these competing stories signify her position at a rupture in the fabric of apartheid life. Participants’ resolutions to this anomaly entailed compromise formations, the specific forms of which were considered. Kristeva’s reconsideration of the diachronic relation of the Lacanian registers of Imaginary and the Symbolic in the light of abjection provided a developmental framework to understand how the little boy’s early intimacy could be transformed into his later assumption of his master’s mantle. Where the extant literature is willing to concede that nanny exists screened behind parental imagos, the present investigation takes this further suggesting that repression, screen memories and “eclipsing” (Hardin, 1985) are an inevitable means of accession to political subjectivity. Results suggest that for those who would have been cared for by a nanny there are traces of this experience to be found in memory, the unconscious and their very sense of self. Nanny’s continued existence in the minds of her charge takes various forms - as (usually fond) memories, a real relationship or as a symptom. / Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Psychology / unrestricted

In den letzten Jahren ist nicht nur in der Forschung, sondern auch in der breiten Öffentlichkeit die akute Problematik der männlichen Identitätsfindung beziehungsweise Identitätskonstruktion unübersehbar geworden. Medial schlug sich dies allein im Januar und Februar 2008 in entsprechenden Leitartikeln sowohl im SPIEGEL als auch in der ZEIT nieder und lebensweltlich nimmt die Anzahl der von männlichen Jugendlichen ausgehenden Gewalttaten unvermindert zu. Ein Verweis auf die durch die Medien gegangenen U-Bahn-Attacken (München) mag hier genauso genügen wie die Erinnerung an die gewalttätigen Zwischenfälle an der Columbine High School, der Virginia Tech University, der Northern Illinois University (DeKalb), der Berliner Rütli Schule, dem Erfurter Gutenberg Gymnasium oder der Jokela Schule in Tuusula, Finnland.

This research examined the lived experiences of an Afghan Muslim male participant group. This study explored their immigration from a Southwest-Asian, highly non-secular society to a Western-style, liberal, secular nation-state. Further, this research was an examination of Muslim male identity as an attribute that is closely related to lived experiences, environment and cultural assimilation. Also, this study looked closely at the meanings that this Afghan Muslim male immigrant group attached to identity, as well as exploring their unique narratives during pre-immigration and post-immigration periods. This qualitative research study used narrative methods to unearth the lived experiences of five Afghan Muslim male citizens. These participants immigrated to the U.S. while serving as interpreters and translators for the coalition forces during the Afghanistan War between 2003 and 2012. Several researchers have examined Muslim immigration from Eastern to Western nations, focusing on their adaptation, assimilation, and developmental patterns. The research objective of this study was slightly different and important to social science in that it focused on how a select group of Afghan Muslim males conceptualized their own sense of identity and how their notion of identity was shaped and influenced by their own pre- and post-migration experiences. To this end, the discoveries in this study revealed that the nature of the identities for many in this study may be deemed more blended and in some instances renegotiated, holding onto parts of their core native identities while embracing aspects of the cultural, ethnic, and social elements of their new host land that fit within their own individual frame of reference.

Thesis (MEd )--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During no other time in history have sexual minority individuals been the recipients of so much attention, scrutiny and unprecedented acceptance and inclusion into mainstream culture. However, despite advances and society's ever increasing tolerance toward sexual minorities, many individuals with alternative sexual orientations remain fearful of disclosing their sexuality. Consequently, adolescents often hide their alternative sexual orientation from others or disclose to only a select few. Adolescents with alternative sexual orientations face unique challenges, such as the coming out process, during which they must recognise, explore, define and disclose their orientation in a way that heterosexual individuals need not. Disclosure of an alternative sexual orientation is a struggle for most lesbian, gay and bisexual youth due to fears of discrimination, ostracism and violence from others. Despite a growing body of scientific literature on homosexuality in general, little is known about the disclosure process and its impact on an adolescent. This study seeks to help fill the gaps by giving voice to the adolescent by exploring the experience of disclosure. Furthermore, this study seeks to provide insight and knowledge to mental health professionals to aid adolescent clients throughout the disclosure process. This study's research methodology can be described as qualitative research which is embedded within an interpretive/constructivist paradigm. Purposive sampling was used to select five male and five female research participants. The methods of data collection that were employed comprised semi-structured individual interviews and reflective notes. Furthermore, content analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings of this study suggest that many unique issues besides the normative challenges that lesbian and gay adolescents share with heterosexual adolescents characterise their development. This research study suggests that there are several milestones that are characteristic of lesbian and gay identity development, the negotiation of which may hinder development in other areas. The male and female participants described a similar trajectory to coming out, consistently identifying a feeling of being different during early childhood which resolved into an awareness of same-sex attraction that concluded in their self-labelling as gay or lesbian. The findings of this study suggest that the process of disclosure is continuous and emergent. The reactions of parents ranged from extreme outrage and expulsion from the home to support and acceptance of the fact that their child had disclosed his/her homosexual orientation. From the findings of this study it would appear that the participants' parents were initially ill prepared and unable to support their child during his/her disclosure. The participants voiced various strategies to support an adolescent in the position of disclosing to family. There are several implications of this study's findings for mental health professionals working with lesbian, gay and bisexual adolescents and youth. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aandag, noukeurige betragting, aanvaarding en ongekende insluiting binne die hoofstroom van die kultuur wat tans deur seksuele minderheidsgroepe ervaar word, is ongekend in die geskiedenis. Ten spyte van vooruitgang en die toenemende verdraagsaamheid teenoor die seksuele minderheid in die samelewing, vrees diegene wat 'n alternatiewe seksuele oriëntasie toon steeds om hulself bloot te stel. Gevolglik hou adolessente dikwels hul alternatiewe seksuele oriëntasie geheim of onthul hulle dit slegs aan 'n uitgesoekte paar persone. Adolessente met 'n alternatiewe seksuele oriëntasie kom op 'n wyse wat nie vir heteroseksuele individue nodig is nie, voor unieke uitdagings soos die openbaarmaking van hul oriëntasie te staan wanneer hulle dit moet erken, verken, definieër en aan die moet lig bring. Die erkenning van 'n alternatiewe seksuele oriëntasie plaas die meeste lesbiese, gay en biseksuele jeugdiges voor 'n stryd vanweë die vrees vir diskriminasie, verstoting en geweld deur andere. Ten spyte van die algemene toenemende hoeveelheid wetenskaplike literatuur oor homoseksualiteit, is daar weinig kennis van die verklaringsproses en die impak daarvan op 'n adolessent. Hierdie studie poog om die ervaring van verklaring te ondersoek om die adolessent se stem te laat hoor en sodoende die kennisgaping te oorbrug. Verder poog die studie ook om insig en kennis aan professionele persone binne die gebied van die geestesgesondheid te bied, om hulle in staat te stel om adolessente kliënte met die verklaringsproses by te staan. Die navorsingsmetodologie wat vir die studie gebruik is, kan as kwalitatiewe navorsing binne 'n interpretiewe/konstruktiwistiese paradigma beskou word. Doelgerigte toetsing is ingespan om vyf manlike en vyf vroulike deelnemers vir die navorsingspoging te werf. Data is met behulp van semigestruktureerde onderhoude en reflektiewe notas ingesamel. Verder is inhoudsanalise gebruik om die data te ontleed. Die bevindings van die studie dui daarop dat die ontwikkeling van gay en lesbiese adolessente benewens die normatiewe uitdagings wat deur hulle sowel as heteroseksuele adolessente aangespreek moet word, ook deur unieke kwessies gekenmerk word. Hierdie navorsingstudie suggereer dat verskeie mylpale kenmerkend is van die ontwikkeling van lesbiese en gay identiteit en dat die bewerkstelliging daarvan ontwikkeling in ander areas kan stuit. Die manlike en vroulike deelnemers aan die studie het langs soortgelyke bane tot die verklaring van hul oriëntasie gekom en het die gewaarwording dat hulle tydens hul vroeë jeug reeds 'n gevoel dat hulle anders was konsekwent geïdentifiseer. Hierdie gevoel het tot 'n bewustheid van die aantrekking van dieselfde geslag ontwikkel en tot self-etikettering as gay of lesbies gelei. Die bevindings van die studie stel voor dat die verklaringsproses voortdurend en opdoemend van aard is. Die reaksies van ouers wissel vanaf uiterste verontwaardiging en verdrywing vanuit die tuiste tot ondersteuning en aanvaarding van die wete dat hul kind sy/haar homoseksuele oriëntasie verklaar het. Die bevindings laat blyk ook dat die ouers van die deelnemers aanvanklik gebrekkig voorbereid was en nie in staat was om hul kind tydens die verklaring te ondersteun nie. Die deelnemers het verskeie strategieë voorgestel vir die ondersteuning van 'n adolessent wat hom/haar op die punt van hierdie verklaring aan die gesin bevind. Die studie se bevindings het ook verskeie implikasies vir professionele persone wat binne die gebied van die geestesgesondheid met lesbiese, homoseksuele en biseksuele adolessente en jeugdiges te doen het.

Den här studien har till syfte att utifrån maskulinitets - och identitetsteoretiska perspektiv undersöka sju yrkesverksamma behandlares och rådgivares syn på mäns utsatthet för sexuella övergrepp.  Fokus är på föreställningar om män som blir utsatta för grövre sexuella övergrepp av andra män, och som söker psykosocialt stöd för detta i vuxen ålder. De intervjuade personerna är utvalda eftersom de arbetar eller har arbetat psykosocialt på antingen offentliga sjukhusmottagningar eller icke-statliga organisationer, och i sina yrkesroller mött män utsatta för grövre sexuella övergrepp av andra män. Studien kan tänkas vara ett betydelsefullt tillskott till forskning inom socialt arbete då få svenska studier undersökt yrkesverksamma behandlares och rådgivares syn på män, och sexuella övergrepp i relation till maskulinitets- och identitetsnormer. Studiens resultat tyder på att metoder och behandlingar erbjudna män utsatta för sexuellt våld och sexuella övergrepp inte skiljer sig avsevärt mot vad som erbjuds kvinnor i motsvarande situation. Synen på män utsatta för övergrepp uppfattas bli påverkad av synen på hegemonisk maskulinitet, avvikande och genuskontraktets principer, vilket medför att mäns sexuella identitet och könsidentitet kommer i fokus på ett annat sätt än för kvinnor i motsvarande situation. Överlag betonas att psykologiska reaktioner inte verkar skilja sig beroende på kön. Män utsatta för sexuella övergrepp som söker samtalsstöd verkar möta andra frågeställningar än kvinnor och dessa verkar ha att göra med maskulinitetsnormer, våldtäktsmyter, avvikande och homofobi. Studiens resultat indikerar att intervjupersonerna har svårt att uppfatta män som offer för sexuella övergrepp med anledning av normer om genus, hegemonisk maskulinitet, sexuell självuppfattning och risken för att utsättas för negativa konsekvenser på grund av avvikande. Studien visar också på att intervjupersonerna uppfattar en ovilja och oförmåga bland män att definiera vissa sexuella erfarenheter som sexuella övergrepp. Det förklaras med att intervjupersonerna är påverkade av hegemonisk maskulinitet och är en del av upprätthållandet av genuskontraktet, samt påverkas av sin sexuella självuppfattning. Emellertid dras slutsatsen att intervjupersonerna har en användbar förförståelse om maskulinitetsnormers påverkan som kan vara hjälpsamma i processen att definiera sexuella erfarenheter som eventuella sexuella övergrepp. / The aim of this study is to form a masculinity and identity theoretical perspective from investigating counselors' views of male clients exposed to severe sexual assault. The focus is mainly on men that have been exposed to severe sexual assault by other men during adulthood. To investigate this, seven counselors have been interviewed about their views and experiences of males undergoing psychosocial treatments due to them being sexually assaulted by other men. The interviewed counselors work or have worked at either public hospitals or non-governmental organizations. To relate their views of sexual assault and masculinity norms might be of great value to social work since few Swedish studies highlight counselors’ views on masculinity, identity norms and men exposed to sexual assaults. The result of the study shows that the methods used on and treatments offered to men seeking counseling due to sexual assault do not differ substantially from those extended to women. In general, the counselors convey that men's psychological responses seem to be similar no matter what their gender identity. Males exposed to sexual assault who seek counseling appear to face different issues from women due to masculinity norms, rape myths, perceived deviation and homophobia. The result derived from the counselor interviews, indicate that they and their male clients find it difficult to consider men as victims of sexual assaults due to gender norms, hegemonic masculinity, sexual self-perception, and the risk of negative consequences of deviance. The outcome of the study also shows that the counselors comprehend that men exposed to sexual assault show a reluctance and inability to designate these sexual experiences as such. This might be explained by the fact that these males (and indeed their counselors) are affected by hegemonic masculinity, sexual self-perception, and are a part of the maintenance of the gender contract. The outcome also shows that the counselors have a useful preunderstanding of how masculinity norms might affect male clients and that the counselors’ preunderstanding sometimes is useful in the process of defining the clients’ sexual experiences as sexual assaults.

No description available.

Text in Afrikaans / This study is aimed at the development of a guiding framework for fathers and their adolescent sons by focusing on male identity as the main binding factor in the relationship between father a and son. The establishment, as well as the confusion regarding male identity, have been stated as starting point and problem statement of the study. The need regarding the way in which the father and son can be guided within this dynamic relationship in order to establish male identity, has been stated as motivation for the study. The need regarding the guidance of fathers and their sons was thus the primary aim with the research question, namely what the most applicable factors in a guiding framework should be that would guide fathers and their sons in order to support the formation of male identity within the sons. The research methodology that has been followed, was from a Gestalt perspective as meta theoretical assumption from which qualitative, explorative and descriptive strategies were followed. The qualitative strategy consisted of an auto-ethnography and semi-structured interviews. The trustworthiness of the research has been strengthened by a quantitative component of the research by utilizing questionnaires, after which data was collected and analysed. A purposive sample was drawn that included respondents from the Drakenstein municipal area in the Boland district. Categories that were identified from data from the semi-structured interviews, as well as indicators from the questionnaires, have been integrated, from which propositions were constructed. Six themes and resulting guiding strategies were presented in the form of a guiding framework. / Hierdie studie is gerig op die ontwikkeling van 'n begeleidingsraamwerk vir vaders en hulle adolessente seuns deur te fokus op manlike identiteit as die samebindende faktor in die verhouding tussen vader en seun. Die vestiging, asook die verwarring ten opsigte van manlike identiteit, is as vertrekpunt en probleemstelling vir die studie gestel. Die behoefte ten opsigte van die manier waarop vader en seun binne hierdie dinamiese verhouding begelei kan word ten einde manlike identiteit te vestig, is as motivering vir die studie gestel. Die behoefte aan begeleiding vir vaders en huile seuns was dus die primere doel met 'n navorsingsvraag, naamlik wat die mees toepaslike faktore sal wees wat in 'n begeleidingsraamwerk aan vaders en hulle seuns leiding sal bied ten einde die vorming van manlike identiteit by die seuns te ondersteun. Die navorsingsmetodologie wat gevolg is, was vanuit die Gestaltperspekief as metateoretiese aanname waaruit kwalitatiewe, verkennende en beskrywende strategies gevolg is. Die kwalitatiewe strategie het bestaan uit 'n outoetnografie en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Die vertrouenswaardigheid van die navorsing is deur 'n kwantitatiewe komponent van die navorsing versterk deur vraelyste te benut waarna data ingesamel en geanaliseer is. 'n Doelgerigte steekproef is getrek, wat respondente ingesluit het uit die Drakenstein munisipale gebied in die Boland distrik. Kategoriee wat vanuit die data van die semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude geidentifiseer is, asook indikatore vanuit die vraelyste, is geintegreer waaruit proposisies saamgestel is. Ses temas en voortspruitende begeleidingstrategiee is aangebied in die vorm van 'n begeleidingsraamwerk. / Social Work / D.Diac. (Spelterapie)

Coetzee's own experience of living in apartheid South Africa provides the backdrop for novels infused with sardonic irony and rich metaphoric systems. In modes of metafiction that emphasize the destructive and violent nature of language, he optimizes his unique oeuvre to interrogate global, national and domestic power relations. This dissertation relies on psychoanalytical theories that examine microstructures of power within the individual, and in his domestic domain. Each of Coetzee's chief protagonists carries a secret related to a dysfunctional mother/son relationship. This hampers their psychosocial dynamics, their masculinity and sexuality. As they respectively strive toward an elusive new life they confront patriarchal power structures that speak on behalf of individuals, '[whose] descent into powerlessness [is] voluntary' (Coetzee 2007: 4-5). Coetzee's constructed white males perform their several identity roles in milieux that span divergent phases of colonial history. His critique points to white patriarchal hegemonic ideological discourses that bespeak the self/other dichotomy in a postcolonial world where the language of dominance supports an oppressive status quo. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

Text in Afrikaans / This study is aimed at the development of a guiding framework for fathers and their adolescent sons by focusing on male identity as the main binding factor in the relationship between father a and son. The establishment, as well as the confusion regarding male identity, have been stated as starting point and problem statement of the study. The need regarding the way in which the father and son can be guided within this dynamic relationship in order to establish male identity, has been stated as motivation for the study. The need regarding the guidance of fathers and their sons was thus the primary aim with the research question, namely what the most applicable factors in a guiding framework should be that would guide fathers and their sons in order to support the formation of male identity within the sons. The research methodology that has been followed, was from a Gestalt perspective as meta theoretical assumption from which qualitative, explorative and descriptive strategies were followed. The qualitative strategy consisted of an auto-ethnography and semi-structured interviews. The trustworthiness of the research has been strengthened by a quantitative component of the research by utilizing questionnaires, after which data was collected and analysed. A purposive sample was drawn that included respondents from the Drakenstein municipal area in the Boland district. Categories that were identified from data from the semi-structured interviews, as well as indicators from the questionnaires, have been integrated, from which propositions were constructed. Six themes and resulting guiding strategies were presented in the form of a guiding framework. / Hierdie studie is gerig op die ontwikkeling van 'n begeleidingsraamwerk vir vaders en hulle adolessente seuns deur te fokus op manlike identiteit as die samebindende faktor in die verhouding tussen vader en seun. Die vestiging, asook die verwarring ten opsigte van manlike identiteit, is as vertrekpunt en probleemstelling vir die studie gestel. Die behoefte ten opsigte van die manier waarop vader en seun binne hierdie dinamiese verhouding begelei kan word ten einde manlike identiteit te vestig, is as motivering vir die studie gestel. Die behoefte aan begeleiding vir vaders en huile seuns was dus die primere doel met 'n navorsingsvraag, naamlik wat die mees toepaslike faktore sal wees wat in 'n begeleidingsraamwerk aan vaders en hulle seuns leiding sal bied ten einde die vorming van manlike identiteit by die seuns te ondersteun. Die navorsingsmetodologie wat gevolg is, was vanuit die Gestaltperspekief as metateoretiese aanname waaruit kwalitatiewe, verkennende en beskrywende strategies gevolg is. Die kwalitatiewe strategie het bestaan uit 'n outoetnografie en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Die vertrouenswaardigheid van die navorsing is deur 'n kwantitatiewe komponent van die navorsing versterk deur vraelyste te benut waarna data ingesamel en geanaliseer is. 'n Doelgerigte steekproef is getrek, wat respondente ingesluit het uit die Drakenstein munisipale gebied in die Boland distrik. Kategoriee wat vanuit die data van die semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude geidentifiseer is, asook indikatore vanuit die vraelyste, is geintegreer waaruit proposisies saamgestel is. Ses temas en voortspruitende begeleidingstrategiee is aangebied in die vorm van 'n begeleidingsraamwerk. / Social Work / D.Diac. (Spelterapie)