M.Com.(Business Management) / Beheer as een van die take van bestuur, soos reeds in 1916 deur Fayol beskryf, is in die moderne idioom nie 'n losstaande taak wat in isolasie beoefen word nie. Dit word vandag erken dat beheer aIleen sinvol toegepas kan word indien dit reeds vanaf die beplanningsfase doelbewus met die ander bestuurstake geintegreer is. Koontz & 0 I Donnell (1976 635) sê in die verband: "Before there can be any meaningful control, both plans and organization structure must be as clear, complete, and integrated as possible". Schutte (1981:14) bepleit 'n verdere veredeling van die integrasieproses wanneer hy sê: "If an organisation is to become more effective and efficient it has to move from an empirical type of management structure to a normative type ... ", waar die normatiewe bestuurstruktuur streef na die optimalisering van die tydsbesteding aan beplanning en beheer van bestuurders op die onderskeie vlakke in die organisasiestruktuur. Binne die beheertaak is beheerstelsels kernbelangrik vir die voortgesette suksesvolle funksionering van 'n onderneming, want sonder beheerstelsels is daar geen lewensvatbare meganisme om te verseker dat hulpbronne effektief toegedeel en benut word nie, aldus Steers, et al. (1985 : 207). Die behoefte aan beheermaatreëls en -tegnieke wat deurlopend aangepas word by die veranderende omstandighede waaraan bestuur blootgestel is, is 'n integrale komponent van die proses van voortdurende verfyning van die totale bestuurstaak...

M.Com. (Financial Management) / During the last decade, options, which are financial instruments used for trading and hedging, have shown greater development than any other financial instrument over the same period of time. Because option dealing is perceived in the market-place as an instrument which is technically advanced, innovative and, complex, many potential option players do not take part in trading. This process' of withdrawal is fuelled by constant negative publicity given to option trading, but very seldom are reports written on success stories relating to option trading. Current option-trading participants are also constantly reminded by the press; other companies, senior management, board members and shareholders that they run the risk of losing vast sums of money and could take the company down with one reckless transaction. What is unfortunate is that they will not be able to prevent or detect transactions that could lead to such losses. Trading risk is further increased by the fact that quality risk management staff are also very difficult to acquire as this function is perceived to be not as glamorous as being an option dealer. Given the above scenario of what is really happening out there in the world of option trading, the question arises whether option trading activities should be embarked upon by Institutions who have never dealt in options and whether current option trading participants should continue trading or should discontinue trading activities as soon as possible.

M.Com. (Business Management) / In the literature on industrial projects, very little attention is given to the administrative and project accounting aspects of project management. The emphasis falls on technical aspects and project management as a whole, and not specifically on the administrative duties as they are normally executed by a project accountant or project administrator. The purpose of this study is to investigate the administrative duties and the organisation and planning of- procedures as applicable to an industrial project, with particular reference to the professional project managing company in South Africa. In so doing, the more important aspects of project administration will be highlighted, so that the study could serve as a guide to interested parties. The motivation for the study is the importance of cost control, accurate records and accurate forecasting. These aspects are of prime importance if management is to maintain adequate and proper control over the project. The study is aimed at placing these tasks of the project accountant into perspective, in relation to project management as a whole. The study takes the form of a study of the available literature on the subject of project administration. Only the more important and relevant aspects of project administration will be discussed, as the scope of the study does not allow for all aspects to be discussed in detail and at great length...

M.Comm. (Business Management) / The objective of this research can be summarised as follows: To understand the fundamental concepts of BPR To demonstrate the importance of people in the successful implementation of BPR To highlight the most common errors that lead to failure at re-engineering Business Process Re-engineering (Chapter two) is designed to bring about a drastic change in the way a companyconducts business. This is achieved by identifying core business processes and re-engineer them to gain competitive advantage. The kind of organisation that is most likely to be successful at BPR is one that already has a high degree of leadership (Chapter three) that can create a vision, articulate values, and create a climate in which business executives, managersand line personnel can all grow, flourish and have an impact on the way work is done. Chapter four is a case study to illustrate through a practical example how common errors lead to BPR failure.

M.Com. (Business Management) / Today's organizations are operating in a continually changing business environment. To be a growing and profitable business, it is important that management have a vision of where and how they want to direct the company to the desired future business outcome. Management must be in touch with both the internal and external factors that may influence the outcome of the changing environment. To be a profitable and growing company, it is important that the internal resources be utilized optimally, of which the human resources are the most valuable resource. Communication is seen as the instrument in the hands of management with which it can achieve these desired results.

Die doel van hierdie studie was om te kyk hoe effektief die Geïntegreerde Gehaltebestuurstelsel (GGBS), en wel die taksering van opvoeders, bestuur kan word om positiewe resultate by skole te bereik. Die studie is gedoen binne die Interpretivistiese benadering. Data-invordering is gedoen deur middel van vraelyste, observasie en onderhoude. Die studie het getoon dat opvoeders onseker was, juis omdat die Onderwysdepartement nie die nodige leiding gegee en die nodige hulpbronne gehad het nie. Die afgelope twee jaar ( 2006 en 2007 ) egter het die Departement skouer aan die wiel gesit en hulp aan skole verleen, hetsy deur die beskikbaarstelling van die nodige vorms, of die aanstel van ‘n koördineerder om hulp aan skole te verskaf. Die belangrikste uitkomste van die studie was die besef dat opvoeders se vrese en aannames aangespreek moet word om ‘n gehaltebestuurstelsel effektief te maak. Slypskole moet gehou word om hulp en bystand aan die getakseerdes te verleen. Die bestuurspan van die skool moet ook indiensopleiding ondergaan, sodat hulle presies kan weet wat van hulle verwag word. Op hierdie manier word onsekerhede uit die weg geruim, want onsekerheid was die grootste probleem waarmee opvoeders te kampe gehad het in die implimentering van die GGBS.

In many organisations, project management is no longer a separately identified function, but is entrenched in the overall management of the business. The typical project management environment has become multi-project. Most of the project decisions require consideration of schedule, resource and cost concerns on other project work, necessitating the review and evaluation of multi-project data. Resource management is at least as important as schedule (time) management. Functional managers, supporting multiple projects with shared and limited resources, need to know the demands on their resources and the impact of new project loads and changing priorities. This means that the effectiveness of project management is not only influenced by the function itself, but it permeates throughout the entire organisation, for which the overriding goal is to survive and prosper in a competitive environment. The research problem of this study is to assess how effective project management practices in the South African communications’ industry are, by using Telkom SA as the selected target group. The research method employed was to first identify the best practices of project management, by focusing on generally accepted standards and practices, that is those which are particularly effective in helping an organisation to achieve its objectives. The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®) which is considered to be the international standard for project management, was used as the framework for identifying the best practices. The identified best practices were used as an assessment tool to determine to what extent these practices are applied in Telkom SA.

Body-In-White business forms part of the automotive industry. The industry is highly specialized and usually operates under tremendous pressure due to the competition within the industry as a result of an oligopolistic market, limited resources, short lead times and the contractual nature of the industry. The selected business has grown steadily over the last five years in terms of the number of employees that have been employed. It is said that employees are a business’s most important asset. How effectively a business is managed during growth and the relationship management has with the employees during that period are critical to a business in maintaining a competitive advantage. Effective management and sound employee relations could ensure the longterm profitability and sustainability of the business. This paper is intended to analyse the selected business to determine how effectively the business is managed and the state of employee relations within the business. Various aspects to effective management and employee relations are presented through a literature study in order to identify the means required to manage effectively and to promote and maintain sound employee relations. A two-pronged approach was undertaken in the applied research. Firstly, a survey with the aid of a structured questionnaire was undertaken among the management of the selected business to gather information. A second survey also with the aid of a structured questionnaire was undertaken among all the employees. The purpose of the two different questionnaires was to make an analysis of the business and to determine whether management and the employees held the same views, or differed on related topics. Mostly management indicated that managerial effectiveness is critical to remaining competitive. Employees indicated that management does not plan and organise an orderly workflow and that employees rely on their overtime remuneration. There was a general agreement by management and employees that more than one person attends to human resource related issues. Effective human resource planning is not enforced to maintain a motivated workforce, as human resource policies and procedures do not pay special attention to employee relations. Among the main findings, the study revealed that while there are some aspects of effective management lacking in the business, the business is mostly managed effectively. However, not enough attention is paid to effective human resource management, as training and development programs for management and employees are lacking and certain human resource issues need to be addressed.

The prime challenge to those responsible for the management of South Africa’s estuaries is to maintain their viability in the face of ever increasing pressures. It is important that we learn to appreciate the value of estuaries and that we act wisely to manage them for sustainable use. Any operation must have the adequate resources to perform the duties and the correct processes must be followed. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the current inputs and processes needed for the monitoring and breaching of the Great Brak River Mouth system are sufficient to adhere to the output objectives of a healthy estuary together with safeguarding of properties. The research methodology for this study comprised the following steps: Firstly, a literature study was performed to identify the key elements of the operation management transformation model. Operations management deals with the output of any business, in other words the conversion of inputs to create certain outputs and they do this by a process of transformation. Secondly, extensive literature study was performed in order to access material regarding effective estuary and river mouth management. Thirdly, the current situation at Great Brak was assessed to determine whether the current inputs and processes are in place and if additional or altered inputs and processes are needed.

Tuberculosis (TB) is acknowledged as an epidemic in South Africa. Health care professionals (HCPs), including dieticians, are at an increased risk for TB-infection compared to the general population. Implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) TB infection control measures can protect HCPs from contracting TB; however, many studies have shown poor adherence to guidelines by HCPs. The aim of the study was to determine dieticians’ knowledge, attitudes and experiences in relation to TB at the workplace. A descriptive quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed. Convenience sampling was applied. The online survey was conducted between August 2014 and March 2015. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical principles were adhered to. The sample consisted of 102 registered dieticians in South Africa. Good knowledge was displayed as two-thirds of dieticians correctly identified the National TB Management Guidelines and the main signs and symptoms of TB. However, a critical knowledge gap regarding TB transmission was identified, as only 42% of dieticians knew that TB could spread by talking. Favourable attitudes towards TB and infection control measures were present, except towards inadequate staffing levels and being worried about TB. The respondents reported that the fear of contracting TB affected patient interaction. Poor adherence to infection control measures was found. Only 45% of dieticians reported having a written TB infection control plan at their workplace, and only 23% were trained on TB infection control measures. Coughing patients were not always triaged and education material was not always available for TB patients. The availability of N-95 respirators was reported by 76% of dieticians. Training on TB infection control measures could influence dieticians’ adherence to infection control measures, ultimately protecting them from contracting TB at the workplace.