Thesis is mainly focused on tools used for team development management in a small company, engaged in software development and providing marketing services across multiple development teams. Thesis is based on the practice of the author and its main objective is to evaluate the possibility of tools implementing to provide support to the management of development teams at AITOM. The main goal is to evaluate existing tools used and suggest a suitable solution for improving in this area. The first part of thesis defines basic related terms, the second part provides the analysis of the current situation in management of development teams at Aitom and the third part is destinated to the implementation of JIRA tool.

Depuis les années 2000, le développement de la génomique, permettant une connaissance étendue de l’ADN des êtres vivants, transforme la façon dont ceux-ci sont évalués, sélectionnés (sélection génomique des plantes et animaux) et mis en marché. Couplée à des changements politiques et règlementaires, cette technologie contribue à faire évoluer les arrangements institutionnels dans le champ étudié ici de l’amélioration génétique animale, aussi bien au niveau des dispositifs nationaux que des pratiques des acteurs. La libéralisation en cours questionne notamment la dimension collective de la production du progrès génétique et les droits de propriétés sur les ressources génétiques. Dans une perspective comparative entre la France, l’Irlande et les Pays-Bas, cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser la pluralité des arrangements institutionnels établis dans le champ de la sélection génomique de la race bovine Holstein. Elle mobilise les évolutions récentes de la théorie néo-institutionnelle s’intéressant à l’hétérogénéité organisationnelle et à la matérialité des institutions. Premièrement, elle met en évidence trois régimes institutionnels qui révèlent des arrangements différents notamment entre organisations publiques et privées. Deuxièmement, cette diversité d’arrangements est précisée par l’analyse des instruments contractuels entre entreprises de sélection et éleveurs via des modèles d’organisation de la production et des échanges de ressources génétiques (sous leurs formes biologiques et informationnelles). Ces modèles illustrent la diversité des formes de propriété dont ces ressources génétiques font l’objet entre éleveurs et entreprises et, montrent que les rôles respectifs de ces acteurs sont redéfinis. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre le développement d’une logique libérale (Pays-Bas) en dualité avec le renforcement (Irlande) ou la fragilisation (France) d’une logique coopérative de production du progrès génétique. / Since the early 2000s, the development of genomics, which enables extensive knowledge of the DNA of living entities, has transformed the way in which living entities are evaluated, selected (genomic selection of plants and animals) and marketed. Coupled with political and regulatory changes, this technology contributes to modify the national institutional arrangements in the targeted field of animal genetic improvement, practices of actors. The current liberalization process questions both the collective dimension of genetic progress and the property rights of the genetic resources. In a comparative perspective between France, Ireland and The Netherlands, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the plurality of institutional arrangements pertaining to the Holstein cattle breed’s genomic selection. This thesis is situated within the recent evolutions of the neo-institutional theory focused on organizational heterogeneity and materiality of institutions. Firstly, it highlights three institutional regimes that reveal different arrangements particularly between public and private organizations. Secondly, this diversity of arrangements is completed by an analysis of contractual tools between breeding companies and animal breeders through models of production strategies and exchanges related to genetic resources (both biological and informational forms). These models emphasize a variety of property forms of genetic resources between companies and breeders and also show that actors’ roles in genetic selection activities are redefined. These results provide a better understanding of the development of a liberal logic (The Netherlands) in duality with the reinforcement (Ireland) or weakening (France) of a cooperative logic for the production of improved animal genetics.

This Master’s thesis evaluates the survey that mapped using management tools in contemporary practice. Respondents were senior and middle management of companies from the Czech Republic. They had to answer what they expect from the tools and what they think about the various claims concerning the parameters of the attractiveness of the market and competition. The survey was focused on portfolio analysis.

Ce travail de thèse explore les aspects organisationnels de l’accompagnement local de la transition agroécologique. Cet accompagnement nécessite d’articuler différents processus individuels et collectifs de transformation des activités de la production et du développement agricole. En construisant un dispositif de recherche-action au sein d’un projet de transition agroécologique porté par une association d’éleveurs et conseillers dans le rayon de Roquefort, nous mettons en oeuvre avec eux une forme d’expérimentation sociale qui nous permet de comprendre le problème de l’accompagnement de la transition à la fois sur le plan théorique et pratique. Dans notre cas, l’articulation des transformations individuelles et collectives a été permise par un travail de co-conception entre éleveurs et conseillers des outils de l’accompagnement des changements dans les fermes. Ce processus a permis de débattre de la diversité des modèles agricoles et des représentations des acteurs de la transition agroécologique au sein du groupe, ainsi que d’engager conjointement éleveurs et conseillers dans la transformation de leurs pratiques. Ces transformations ont été d'autant plus facilitées que la coconception a été envisagée comme un processus dialogique entre conception et expérimentation dans différentes situations réelles d’usage dans les fermes. A l’issue de ce travail, nous proposons une approche pragmatiste pour accompagner localement la transition agroécologique / We explore in this research the organizational dimensions of agroecological transition and the ways to support it locally. The support of agroecological transition requires connecting differentprocesses of individual and collective transformations of agricultural development and production activities. We design a device for action reseach within an agroecological transition project, carriedby a farmers and advisers association in the Roquefort area. We implement with them a social experiment to explore this problem both from theoretical and practical point of view. In our casethe connection between individual and collective transformation of participant activities required farmers and advisers to design together tools to accompany the agroecological transition on farms. This process allowed the debate about the diversity of agricultural models and representations that actors have regarding agroecological transition. It as well allows engaging advisers and farmers jointly in the agroecological transition. These transformations have been enhanced by the fact that the co-design process was organized as a dialogical process between design and experimentation of the tools in diverse real situations of use on farms. At the end of this journey, we propose to develop a pragmatist approach to accompany locally the agroecological transition

Risk-Based Testing is a testing approach in software development that involves identifying, analyzing, controlling, testing, and reporting risks. The strategy provides several benefits and helps companies control risks and manage them effectively. However, the testing strategy may become challenging with new technologies, increased deployment and development of new features, and larger projects.    Westermo is a manufacturer and vendor of industrial ethernet networks and data communications products for mission-critical systems in harsh environments. Risk-based testing is a critical component of their software development process to maintain high-quality deployments. Westermo's current approach to documenting and monitoring risks is done through spreadsheets. Over time, as new features are implemented and deployed, these spreadsheets become more complex and challenging to manage. As such, Westermo is currently seeking to replace them with a new risk management tool supporting risk-based testing.  In this thesis, I investigated how one can prototype a risk management tool to support the risk-based testing process at Westermo. To this end, a deeper understanding of how current risk-based testing is performed and managed during software development was required. I also had to identify the challenges with the current approach for documenting and monitoring risks and the requirements for a new tool. I investigated these issues using a combination of qualitative research strategies and divided the work into three phases. In the first phase, I observed internal process documentation and three risk analysis workshops with a total of 14 participants held by Westermo. This was followed by interviewing two software developers and one project manager to identify requirements for a new tool. The next step was to develop a prototype and in the final phase, I evaluated the utility of the design with two focus groups for a total of six participants.  Ideally, according to the requirements I identified, the risk management tool should facilitate the documenting and monitoring of the risks and provide functions to add, manage and visualize the risks from a larger release perspective and a smaller feature perspective in a simple and efficient manner. / Riskbaserad testning är en testmetod inom mjukvaruutveckling som innebär att identifiera, analysera, kontrollera, testa och rapportera risker. Teststrategin ger flera fördelar och hjälper företag att kontrollera risker och hantera dem effektivt. Med ny teknik, ökad distribution och utveckling av nya funktioner och större projekt kan processen istället bli utmanande.  Westermo är en tillverkare och leverantör av industriella Ethernet-nätverks- och datakommunikationsprodukter för verksamhetskritiska system i tuffa miljöer. Riskbaserad testning är en viktig teststrategi i deras mjukvaruutvecklingsprocess för att upprätthålla högkvalitativa distributioner. Westermos nuvarande tillvägagångssätt för att dokumentera och övervaka risker är genom att använda kalkylblad. Med tiden, när nya funktioner implementeras och distribueras, blir dessa kalkylblad mer komplexa och utmanande att hantera. Därför försöker Westermo för närvarande ersätta dem med ett nytt riskhanteringsverktyg för att stödja riskbaserad testning.  I det här examensarbete undersökte jag hur man kan prototypa ett riskhanteringsverktyg för att stödja den riskbaserade testprocessen på Westermo. För detta ändamål krävdes en djupare förståelse för hur aktuell riskbaserad testning utförs och hanteras under mjukvaruutveckling. Jag behövde också identifiera utmaningarna med det nuvarande tillvägagångssättet för att dokumentera och övervaka risker och kraven på ett nytt verktyg. Jag undersökte dessa frågor genom en kombination av kvalitativa forskningsstrategier och delade upp arbetet i tre faser. I den första fasen observerade jag intern processdokumentation och tre riskanalysmöten med totalt 14 deltagare i Westermo. Detta följdes av intervjuer med två mjukvaruutvecklare och en projektledare för att identifiera krav på ett nytt verktyg. Nästa steg var att ta fram en prototyp och i slutfasen utvärderade jag användbarheten av designen med två fokusgrupper med totalt sex deltagare. Enligt de krav jag identifierade ska riskhanteringsverktyget kunna underlätta dokumentationen och övervakningen av riskerna och tillhandahålla funktioner för att lägga till, hantera och visualisera riskerna ur ett större releaseperspektiv och ett mindre funktionsperspektiv på ett enkelt och effektivt sätt.

El objetivo general de la presente tesis es optimizar los plazos de los entregables que conforman el expediente técnico, en la fase de formulación, enfocado en proyectos de Asociaciones Públicas Privadas que el Área de Estudios de Proyectos realiza. El presente trabajo se enfoca en mejorar los tiempos a través del uso de herramientas de gestión de procesos. Para la evaluación de casos se recopiló la información de 3 proyectos de iniciativa privada cofinanciadas del rubro de infraestructura en Perú que demandan varios años desde el planeamiento y programación hasta la ejecución contractual. Debido a ello se procederá a analizar cuantitativa y cualitativamente las causas raíz de la problemática. Luego, se definirá las herramientas de mejora para cada causa identificada, para el caso en estudio se propone la aplicación de herramientas de gestión. Finalmente, se validará la propuesta mediante el nivel de aceptación por juicio de expertos y se analizará los impactos positivos que pueda generar en los proyectos de iniciativa privada cofinanciada. / The general objective of this thesis is to optimize the deadlines of the deliverables that make up the technical file, in the formulation phase, focused on projects of Public Private Associations that the Project Studies Area carries out. This work focuses on improving times through the use of process management tools. For the evaluation of cases, information was collected from 3 co-financed private initiative projects in the infrastructure sector in Peru that require several years from planning and programming to contractual execution. Due to this, the root causes of the problem will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Then, the improvement tools will be defined for each identified cause, for the case under study the application of management tools is proposed. Finally, the proposal will be validated through the level of acceptance by expert judgment and the positive impacts that it may generate in co-financed private initiative projects will be analyzed. / Tesis

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la manière dont l’évaluation de l’impact social est construite et mise en œuvre au sein des organisations non lucratives. A la croisée du contrôle de gestion et de la théorie des organisations, elle vise à contribuer à la recherche sur les organisations du tiers secteur, peu étudiées en sciences de gestion jusqu’à présent.Depuis quelques années, il existe un large consensus sur la nécessité de mesurer la valeur produite par les organisations à finalité sociale pour la société. Cette mesure doit permettre à ces organisations de rendre compte de l’accomplissement de leur mission à leurs parties prenantes et de piloter leur activité. Malgré une forte volonté de plusieurs acteurs institutionnels, aucune norme ni consensus n’a émergé à ce jour sur la façon d’évaluer l’impact social des organisations non lucratives. Par conséquent, les acteurs sont confrontés à de nombreuses questions sur le contenu et les modalités pertinentes de cette évaluation. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d’une évaluation conforme aux attentes des financeurs au détriment des attentes d’autres parties prenantes, et plus généralement l’influence de la sphère lucrative sur la façon dont l’évaluation de l’impact social est mise en œuvre, induisent des questionnements quant à sa cohérence avec la logique propre des organisations non lucratives.Ces enjeux nous ont amené à faire le choix de nous focaliser sur la construction des pratiques concrètes d’évaluation de l’impact social au sein des organisations non lucratives, et à étudier spécifiquement l’articulation entre les caractéristiques techniques et le contexte de l’évaluation de l’impact social. Pour analyser cela, nous mobilisons la notion de rationalité. La thèse s’appuie également sur les travaux académiques portant sur la mesure de la performance des organisations non lucratives d’une part et sur la littérature relative à l’instrumentation de gestion et aux dispositifs socio-matériels d’autre part.La thèse s’appuie sur une méthodologie de recherche-intervention. Le doctorant a été durant trois ans chef de projet sur l’évaluation de l’impact social au sein d’Apprentis d’Auteuil, une grande fondation dédiée à la jeunesse en difficulté. Le matériau est constitué en deux parties : un niveau organisationnel qui correspond au processus d’élaboration de la réflexion et du déploiement de l’évaluation de l’impact social pour l’organisation dans son ensemble, et un niveau projet qui est composé de cinq démarches d’évaluation de l’impact social d’entités particulières de l’organisation. Cette double observation permet une analyse de l’ensemble des dynamiques associées à l’évaluation de l’impact social au sein de l’organisation.Les résultats de la thèse sont structurés en trois parties. Premièrement, nous proposons un cadre analytique permettant de mettre en perspective l’ensemble des outils d’évaluation de l’impact social existants d’une part et les pratiques en matière d’évaluation de l’impact social d’autre part. Deuxièmement, nous montrons que la mise en œuvre de l’évaluation de l’impact social se traduit par une pluri-rationalité, combinant la rationalité instrumentale et d’autres formes de rationalité, garantissant une cohérence entre le jugement des acteurs externes, la représentation de l’entité évaluée et le processus d’évaluation en lui-même. Troisièmement, nous montrons que l’évaluation de l’impact social peut être considérée comme un mythe rationnel. Ce mythe rationnel a permis l’appropriation de l’idée sans le déploiement d’un outil d’évaluation standardisé, permettant ainsi une mise en œuvre faisant sens pour les acteurs et conforme aux spécificités de l’action non lucrative. / This thesis focuses on how social impact assessment is built and implemented within nonprofit organizations. At the crossroads of management accounting and organizational theory, it aims to contribute to the research on third sector organizations which have been little studied in management science until now.In recent years there has been a broad consensus on the need to measure the value for society produced by socially-oriented organizations. This measure should enable these organizations to report on the fulfillment of their mission to their stakeholders and to monitor their activities. Despite the willingness of several institutional actors, no standard or consensus has yet emerged on how to assess the social impact of nonprofit organizations. Thus stakeholders face with many questions about the content and the relevant tools to implement. Moreover, the implementation of an evaluation in line with funders' expectations at the expense of other stakeholders’ expectations and more generally the influence of the business sphere on social impact measurement raise questions about the coherence between social impact measurement and specificity of non-profit organizations.These challenges led us to choose to focus on the construction of actual practices of social impact measurement in nonprofit organizations. We chose to study more specifically the articulation between the technical aspects and the context of social impact measurement. To analyze this, we rely on the notion of rationality. The thesis is also based on the academic work on measuring the performance of non-profit organizations on the one hand and on the literature on management tools and socio-material devices on the other hand.The methodology of the thesis is an intervention research. For three years, the Ph.D. candidate acted as a project coordinator on social impact measurement at Apprentis d'Auteuil, a large French foundation dedicated to youth facing social difficulties. Empirical data is divided in two parts: an organizational level that corresponds to the process of reflection and deployment of social impact measurement within the organization as a whole, and a project level consisting of five social impact evaluations of specific entities inside the organization. This double observation level allows an analysis of various dynamics of social impact measurement within the organization.The results of the thesis are divided into three parts. First, we propose an analytical framework which enables to position both existing social impact measurement tools and organizational practices of social impact measurement. Secondly, we show that the implementation of social impact assessment results in a multi-rationality, combining instrumental rationality with other forms of rationality. This combination of rationalities is analyzed in the judgment of external actors, representation of the entity evaluated and the measurement process itself. Third, we show that social impact assessment can be considered a rational myth. This rational myth allowed the appropriation of the idea without the deployment of a standardized evaluation tool. This appropriation enables a meaningful implementation for the actors in conformity with the specificities of nonprofit organizations.

Kraven på företag har ökat gällande redovisning av hållbara aktiviteter. I och med detta ställs högre krav på dagens hållbara företagande, vilket bidrar till att företag kan komma att behöva finna nya strategier för att kartlägga sitt företagande.  Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) är ett nytt EU-direktiv som kommer att föra hållbarhetsrapportering till samma nivå som den finansiella rapporteringen, vilket kommer innebära stort arbete för berörda företag. Därför ämnar denna studie att utveckla ett verktyg som kan inspirera och hjälpa företag att förbereda sig för rapportering enligt CSRD. Detta genomförs genom att sammanföra teorier kring hållbara affärsmodeller och dubbel väsentlighetsprincip i en modell, där den centrala delen handlar om att beakta värde från ett flerdimensionellt perspektiv. Tidigare forskning ger upphov till det faktum att affärsmodeller ignorerar att värdeutbyte ofta är ömsesidigt och att en intressent både kan bidra till och mottaga någonting av värde, vilket i sin tur visar på att dubbel väsentlighetsanalys sällan är inkluderat i affärsmodeller. Följande studie ämnar fylla detta identifierade gap genom att utveckla ett verktyg som kombinerar dessa områden. Workshops och intervjuer genomförs för att utveckla modellen vidare, och diskussionen väver samman insikterna från den empiriska studien och det litterära ramverket, varpå den slutliga modellen presenteras.  Resultatet indikerar att modellen behöver ingå i en längre arbetsprocess med både förberedande och avslutande avsnitt efter användande av modellen, och därför presenterar resultatet tre steg som rekommenderas vid användning av modellen. Resultatet landar också i att företag rekommenderas koppla hållbarhetsarbetet till sin kärnverksamhet, samt att vidga perspektivet utanför sina egna gränser och beakta flera intressenter, varvid diskussionen kring värdeskapande blir extra relevant. Modellen hjälper företag starta diskussionen kring sin påverkan, vilket hjälper dem hantera sina aktiviteter och processer och skapar en diskussion kring värdeskapande. Detta kan effektivisera verksamheten genom att öka den holistiska synen och transparensen på vad som behöver utvecklas. Studiens resultat har i stor utsträckning koppling till hållbarhet, ledarskap och organisation, men den visar också på en ingenjörsmässighet då målsättningen är att processer på företag ska kunna effektiviseras. / The demands on companies have increased regarding the reporting of sustainable activities. With this, higher demands are being placed on today's sustainable business, which contributes to the fact that companies may need to find new strategies to map their business. The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) is a new EU directive that will bring sustainability reporting to the same level as financial reporting, which implies a lot of work for the companies concerned. Therefore, this study aims to develop a tool that can inspire and help companies prepare for CSRD reporting. This is conducted by combining theories around sustainable business models and the dual materiality principle into a model, where the core concerns value from a multidimensional perspective. Previous research gives rise to the fact that business models ignore that value exchange is often reciprocal and that a stakeholder can both contribute to and receive something of value, which in turn shows that dual materiality analysis is rarely included in business models. The following study aims to fill this identified gap by developing a tool that combines these areas. Workshops and interviews are conducted to develop the model further, and the discussion weaves together the insights from the empirical study and the literary framework, after which the final model is presented. The result indicates that the model needs to be part of a more complete process with both preparatory and final sections after using the model, and therefore the study presents three steps that are recommended when using the model. Furthermore, companies are recommended to link sustainability work to their core business, as well as adopting an ecosystem perspective involving relevant stakeholders. The model helps companies start the discussion about their impact, which facilitates the management of activities and processes and creates a discussion about value creation. This can streamline operations by increasing the holistic view and transparency of what needs to be developed. The study's results are largely connected to sustainability, leadership and organization, but it also shows an engineering approach as the goal is to make processes at companies more efficient.

To implement effective quality management at an industrial enterprise, it is necessary to develop methodological support for the formation of business processes within the framework of the quality management system and the implementation of the developed methodology in the enterprise. The basis of this methodological support can be the concept of TQM. In the course of the master's thesis elements of methodological support of the management system at an industrial enterprise based on the concept of TQM based on the concept of using the following tools were proposed: formalization of strategic analysis and planning using the Hoshin-Kanri concept, description of business processes, standardization of work on processes, formation of a KPI system -producing and KPI-process, the formation of operational management system based on KPI monitoring, analysis of the causes of deviations based on and TOOLS FOR "Ishikawa diagram" and Shewhart control charts, which improves the efficiency of the implementation of quality management systems in the enterprise and their effectiveness, as well as to implement a systematic approach in the management of the production process deviations. / Для осуществления эффективного менеджмента качества на промышленном предприятии необходима разработка методического обеспечения формирования бизнес-процессов в рамках системы управления качеством и внедрения разработанной методики на предприятии. Основой такого методического обеспечения может стать концепция TQM. В ходе магистерской диссертации предложены элементы методического обеспечения системы управления на промышленном предприятии основанной на концепции TQM, основанной на концепции применении следующих инструментов: формализация стратегического анализа и планирования с помощью концепции Хосин-Канри, описание бизнес-процессов, стандартизация работ по процессам, формирование системы KPI-результирующих и KPI-процессных, формирование системы оперативного управления на базе мониторинга KPI, анализа причин возникновения отклонений на основе инструментов “Диаграмма Исикавы” и контрольных карт Шухарта, что позволяет повысить эффективность внедрения систем управления качеством на предприятии и их результативность, а также внедрить системный подход в управлении отклонениями производственного процесса.

The topic of the thesis is an in-depth study of the issues and solutions for a more sustainable regeneration of the small centres on the Italian territory. The followed path starts from a first overview of the phenomenon of minor centres. The first step has been that to describe the evolution of the concept of the minor centres, presenting the different visions born over time. After this first step, the thesis focused on the verification of their consistency on the territory, checking objectively if there is a really need to carry out their regeneration. At the same time, has been presented the sectorial legislation, with which are currently managed the different towns, highlighting the various points in which it is possible to see problems. Subsequently, has been presented and reviewed the available management tools, from which gave rise the various ideas for improving the regeneration of the centres. Another aspect studied has been this to study economic aids and economic programs proposed to sustain initiatives from people and communities, with the aim to underline that the regeneration of the centres is economically possible, only if these actions are well framed through some tools that make easier to choose the locations in which do the regeneration. The proactive part of the thesis has dealt with the possibility of setting up a system through which facilitate the choice methods to implement the regeneration of the minor centres. In particular, the proposal followed by the thesis, is to build a management infrastructure, capable to support administrations in choosing where to act and how to act, allowing to optimizing available resources, avoiding wasting them and achieving the regeneration of the minor localities as soon as possible. Every centre is unique in itself, with its own characteristics that distinguish it, a uniqueness that objectively however, makes difficult to establish easily where it is necessary and possible to start with the regeneration. The proposed method define and use a series of values, through which to go to measure and know the centres objectively and in a shared way, in order to obtain indications on the places that deserve greater attentions. The proposed system provide to use a series of indicators through which local characteristics are measured, taking into account different sectors, through a multiscalar and multidisciplinary approach. From this has been studied a system for the management of information of the localities, with a series of practical modules that can be provided to the administrators, to manage the flow of the actions and information necessary to establish the priorities for the regeneration of Italian minor centres.