Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988.

Hong Kong Chinese and Mandarin are two different varieties of the Chinese Language in terms of lexicology. For over three decades, new words from Hong Kong Chinese have swarmed into Mandarin and related researches also flourished. Yet the reverse is a trend somehow going about more or less unnoticed, which is perhaps mostly due to the scantiness of amount of words involved as a contrast. However, its importance has surfaced along with a growing number of Putonghua words imported into Hong Kong Chinese in the early twenty-first century, as a result of the increasing interaction between Mainland China and Hong Kong. Therefore, the thesis sets to examine the phenomenon of language migration to the South by investigating the use of Putonghua words in Hong Kong written Chinese, so as to better observe the language exchange between Hong Kong and Mainland China. The main body of this paper comprises three parts. First it seeks to identify a body of such Putonghua words entering Hong Kong in a vast corpus of formal publications and web publications and look into the lexicological significance of such words. A total number of 359 words have been collected and semantic categories have been identified based on selected Hong Kong texts. Meanwhile, the semantic meaning, pragmatic meaning and contexts of the words collected have been analysed. Second, this paper examines this body of borrowed Putonghua words from a wide span of aspects in lexicology, including its syntactic and pragmatic features, its different levels of being accepted in Hong Kong, its significance and migration incentives. Meanwhile, The thesis also conducts a diachronic comparison study of this body of loanwords centered on last decade. Third, This paper carries out a synchronic comparison of borrowed words in both directions (Hong Kong Chinese to Mandarin and Mandarin to Hong Kong Chinese), to map out possible similarities and differences that reflect linguistic exchange. It is found that the northward language migration prevails over its southward counterparts regarding time, number, impact and other aspects. Theories and research methods from social linguistics are widely employed in this paper, in hopes of studying the language migration to the south in a scientific and systematic way. It is found that southward migration of words into Hong Kong will be a long-term and slow process, and that the bilateral language exchange between Hong Kong and Mainland China will last continuously, thus allowing Mandarin and Hong Kong Chinese share greater similarities while preserving differences. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1968. / Bibliography: leaves [190]-191. / v, 191 l

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-42).

Thesis (doctoral)--Leiden University. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [110]-120) and index.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also in a digital version from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-139). Also available in print.

Traditional representations of Mandarin tones have provided valuable descriptions of Mandarin tone sandhi processes. However, none of them has been able to associate these processes in a principled way, or to explain why they occur at all. In contrast, I have proposed in this dissertation a unified analysis of Mandarin tones and tone sandhi, with an emphasis on the revelation of the nature of these tones and processes. Specifically, I have found that Mandarin tones are most optimally represented as follows: (0.1) [special characters omitted] Under such a representation, all Mandarin tone sandhi processes (i.e. the second, third, and fourth tone sandhi processes, and the neutral tone sandhi process that has been uncovered in this study) can be uniformly accounted for by the following Tone Reduction Principle: (0.2). Tone Reduction Principle Clause A: In normal speech, reduce a tone by one toneme iff it is immediately followed by another tone within the same prosodic foot. Clause B: In fast speech, reduce a tone by one toneme iff it is immediately preceded by another tone, and at the same time immediately followed by another tone within the same prosodic foot. This tone reduction principle functions to shorten a tone in duration by the following implementation rules: (0.3) [special characters omitted] With these two rules, Mandarin tone sandhi processes can be described by the following derivations: (0.4) [special characters omitted] While the implementation riles in (0.3) produce grammatical results in all other cases, they yield outputs, in the cases of 3TS(B) and 0TS, that violate the following OCP related, Mandarin specific WFC: [special characters omitted] Therefore, these two outputs obligatorily undergo the following OCP repairs ((a) for 3TS and (b) for 0TS): [special characters omitted] In brief, all the Mandarin tone sandhi processes are fundamentally tone reduction processes, the results of which may be subjected to further modification should they turn out to be violations of certain WFCs. In addition to the rules and derivations presented above, the analysis proposed also contains a theory of tonemes as timing units, a theory of Mandarin syllable weight and quantity, and a theory of the diachronic implications of the analysis. / Graduate

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