<p>The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to a better understanding of how global seafood trade interacts with the governance of small-scale fisheries (SSFs). As global seafood trade expands, SSFs have the potential to experience significant economic, social, and political benefits from participation in export markets. At the same time, market connections that place increasing pressures on resources pose risks to both the ecological and social integrity of SSFs. This dissertation seeks to explore the factors that mediate between the potential benefits and risks of global seafood markets for SSFs, with the goal of developing hypotheses regarding these relationships. </p><p>The empirical investigation consists of a series of case studies from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. This is a particularly rich context in which to study global market connections with SSFs because the SSFs in this region engage in a variety of market-oriented harvests, most notably for octopus, groupers and snappers, lobster, and sea cucumber. Variation in market forms and the institutional diversity of local-level governance arrangements allows the dissertation to explore a number of examples. </p><p>The analysis is guided primarily by common-pool resource (CPR) theory because of the insights it provides regarding the conditions that facilitate collective action and the factors that promote long-lasting resource governance arrangements. Theory from institutional economics and political ecology contribute to the elaboration of a multi-faceted conceptualization of markets for CPR theory, with the aim of facilitating the identification of mechanisms through which markets and CPR governance actually interact. This dissertation conceptualizes markets as sets of institutions that structure the exchange of property rights over fisheries resources, affect the material incentives to harvest resources, and transmit ideas and values about fisheries resources and governance.</p><p> The case studies explore four different mechanisms through which markets potentially influence resource governance: 1) Markets can contribute to costly resource governance activities by offsetting costs through profits, 2) markets can undermine resource governance by generating incentives for noncompliance and lead to overharvesting resources, 3) markets can increase the costs of resource governance, for example by augmenting monitoring and enforcement burdens, and 4) markets can alter values and norms underpinning resource governance by transmitting ideas between local resource users and a variety of market actors. </p><p>Data collected using participant observation, survey, informal and structured interviews contributed to the elaboration of the following hypotheses relevant to interactions between global seafood trade and SSFs governance. 1) Roll-back neoliberalization of fisheries policies has undermined cooperatives’ ability to achieve financial success through engagement with markets and thus their potential role as key actors in resource governance (chapter two). 2) Different relations of production influence whether local governance institutions will erode or strengthen when faced with market pressures. In particular, relations of production in which fishers own their own means of production and share the collective costs of governance are more likely to strengthen resource governance while relations of production in which a single entrepreneur controls capital and access to the fishery are more likely to contribute to the erosion of resource governance institutions in the face of market pressures (chapter three). 3) By serving as a new discursive framework within which to conceive of and talk about fisheries resources, markets can influence norms and values that shape and constitute governance arrangements.</p><p>In sum, the dissertation demonstrates that global seafood trade manifests in a diversity of local forms and effects. Whether SSFs moderate risks and take advantage of benefits depends on a variety of factors, and resource users themselves have the potential to influence the outcomes of seafood market connections through local forms of collective action.</p> / Dissertation

Lorsqu'on pense à la santé, on se représente immédiatement le rôle des professions médicales, des hôpitaux et cliniques qui traitent la maladie. On ne pense généralement pas aux aménageurs. Mais que faire si l'on invite des urbanistes à contribuer aux efforts de la médecine préventive ? Comment adopter des stratégies d'aménagement qui conduisent à des modes de vie plus sains ?Après les actions conjuguées de la santé publique et de la planification urbaine dans leur lutte contre les épidémies et pour l'amélioration des conditions de vie dans les villes surpeuplées de la fin du 19 e siècle, les deux disciplines se sont séparées. Effectivement, bien que les deux métiers partagent des objectifs similaires, leurs approches méthodologiques diffèrent. Cependant, des décennies plus tard, les deux disciplines doivent se réunir à nouveau pour faire face aux nouvelles épidémies : les maladies chroniques (l'asthme, les allergies), auxquelles il faut ajouter les cancers, les maladies cardiovasculaires et pulmonaires, le diabète et l'obésité, qui semblent liées à la pollution (air, eau, sol) et à l'inactivité physique. Si le développement durable a mis l'accent sur la préservation de l'environnement, il a négligé les défis auxquels font face les populations urbaines défavorisées. L'inégalité territoriale s'aggrave en termes de santé publique. La tendance croissante de la certification et de la normalisation en matière d'aménagement durable peut être considérée comme une occasion de promouvoir la résilience en santé publique. La collaboration entre professionnels de la santé publique et aménageurs devrait favoriser le rapprochement de leurs stratégies / When we think about health, the first topic coming to mind is medical professionals, hospitals and clinics that treat the disease. We do not bind up urban planners together with public health concerns. But what if the planners are invited to contribute to preventive medicine? How to adopt urban plan strategies that lead to healthier lifestyles ? Since the combined actions of public health and urban planning fought against epidemics and improved living conditions in crowded cities of the late 19th century, the two disciplines have been both separated from each other. If medical profession and urban planners share similar tenets and strive towards the same goals, their methodological approaches are different. However, decades later, the two disciplines have to be reunited to address new epidemics such as chronic diseases (asthma, allergies), as well as cancers, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes and obesity, which seem related to pollution (air, water, soil) and physical inactivity. If sustainable development has focused on preserving the environment, it has neglected the challenges facing underprivileged population. The territorial inequality worsens in terms of public health. The growing trend of certification and standardization in sustainable development can be seen as an opportunity to promote public health resilience. Should collaborations between public health professionals and planners encourage the approximation of their strategies

The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the market accommodation and food services market in the tourist region of Central Bohemia ? South. Another objective of this thesis was to formulate recommendations for the development of services in selected area. . The aim was also to identify the needs and requirements and satisfaction of visitors with accommodation and boarding services in selected recreation centre Nová Živohošť. To achieve the objectives it was necessary to study secondary sources, writing review of the literature and knowledge on the subject. Then situational analysis was performed. Here is defined and characterized a recreation centre Nová Živohošť, located in the tourist region of Central Bohemia ? South. The situational analysis is also a market analysis of accommodation and boarding services in the recreation centre Nová Živohošť. Another part of the work is questionnaire survey and interviews with worker in tourist information centre in Neveklov and owner Juniorcamp Tobogán and Caravan Club in Nová Živohošť. Final proposals, recommendations and business concept should increase the attractiveness of an offer, the quality of the resort and meet the needs and wishes of customers.