Marx versteht unter der Mehrwertrate das Verhältnis von unbezahltem Mehrwert zu der als variables Kapital (v) bezeichneten Entlohnung der Arbeiter. Die Profitrate hingegen enthalte im Nenner zusätzlich das konstante Kapital (c), das die Vorleistungen umfasst. Wenn in den Sektoren eine uniforme Mehrwertrate gilt, resultiert bei ungleicher organischer Zusammensetzung des Kapitals (c/v) das berühmte Transformationsproblem der Verwandlung von Arbeitswerten in Produktionspreise. Jedoch lässt sich das konstante zirkulierende Kapital ebenfalls in lebendige Arbeit auflösen. In dem reduzierten System fallen Mehrwert- und Profitrate zusammen. Diese Größe entscheidet über die Sektorengewinne, wird aber allein in der Lohngüterfertigung determiniert. Arbeitswerte und Produktionspreise stimmen damit überein. Der gesamte Rohgewinn inklusive der Verzinsung des Fixkapitals hängt nicht vom Lohnsatz ab, sondern nur von den Ausgaben der Kapitalisten selbst.

a zkoumá vliv tohoto myšlení na jejich stěžejní díla následující dekádě. V let, ve kterém se formovaly osobnosti a myšlenky obou autorů. tehdejším Č Kosíkovo a Machovcovo myšlení. V závěrečné části práce jsou nastíněny také filozof podněty přicház které autoři postupně včlenili do

Madelaine Delbrêl - inspiration for lay spirituality Abstract Madeleine Delbrêl is one of significant personalities in the Catholic Church in the twentieth century. Her way of life and her thoughts, in particular those regarding universal vocation to sainthood and mission influenced the Second Vatican Council. Her prophetic inspiration about lay dignity based on baptism was after thirty years expressed in many council documents and so contributed to a change of lay status in the Church. Key words Church, lay spirituality, mission, Marxism, worker priests Rozsah práce: 132 006 znaků včetně mezer (bez anotací a příloh)

„Am 5. Juli 1955 verabschiedete das Politbüro des ZK der SED einen umfangreichen Beschlußtext mit dem schlichten Titel »Die Verbesserung der Forschung und Lehre in der Geschichtswissenschaft der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik«. Dieses Dokument, das als »Geschichtsbeschluß« der SED in die Historiographiegeschichte der DDR einging ...” [... aus der Einleitung]

Alice-Salomon-Fachhochschule für Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik, Diplomarbeit--Berlin, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 120-131.

This Master thesis contributes to the history of science in the period of the Czechoslovak communist regime. The thesis deals with the attempts to create a scientific theory of propaganda as an independent branch of science. The main goal of this thesis is to present what led to the formation of the Marxist theory of propaganda, describe its development and potential changes in the approach to propaganda during the reference period. Further goals are to describe the sources of the theory of propaganda, the concern of the official institutions and the people who dealt with propaganda. The research is based on the archive materials from the National Archives of the Czech republic and the Slovak National Archives, and on the works about the theory of propaganda. The central figure of this thesis is Miloslav Chlupáč, who dealt with the theory of propaganda in the whole reference period and who was influential to the most phases of the development of the theory of propaganda. The reference period begins with the changes in the society after the year of 1948, with the main concern being science, education and propaganda; and first contributions to the theory of propaganda, which were based on the socio-political situation in the 1950s. Following important phase in the development of the theory of propaganda were...

Der praktische Anspruch von Ideologiekritik – die Reduzierung und Überwindung von Ideologien – kann nur durch die Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse der empirischen Einzelwissenschaften und die Förderung der kritischen Kompetenzen der aufzuklärenden Akteure eingelöst werden. Am Beispiel der „Backfire Effects“ wird nachgewiesen, weshalb Aufklärungstechnologien und die Einschätzungen ihres Erfolgspotentials auf die empirischen und idealiter experimentell verfahrenden Einzelwissenschaften angewiesen sind. Das bei der Anwendung dieser Ergebnisse deutlich werdende Paternalismusproblem kann entschärft werden – und die Lösung dieses Problems verdeutlicht schließlich sowohl die zweckmäßige Auswahl des aufklärungstechnologisch einzusetzenden Sachwissens als auch die Grenzen eines allein auf klassische Aufklärungsarbeit setzenden Verständnisses praktischer Ideologiekritik.

If there is a general precondition for "good" journalism in contemporary journalistic studies, it would be for the political environment to be a pluralist democracy. However, media and journalists were operating in non-democratic Czechoslovakia before the Velvet Revolution as well. This thesis explores the presence of "journalism ethics" in journalistic circles in 1967-1977. The most important one of such circles was the Czechoslovakian Union of Journalists, a voluntary- based social organization which united thousands of press, TV, radio and agency journalists. Based on heuristic research in the Union's archives, this thesis primarily describes two separate stages of formulation of the journalism ethics' principles that were done by the Union's committees. Their way of thinking about these principles is put into context of Marxism-Leninism with emphasis on the Czechoslovakian interpretation of Marxist-Leninist media theories. The Czechoslovakian regime's systemic control of media proved to be an affiliated topic to the one of journalism ethics, and from the described process we are also able to draw some conclusions considering the seeming autonomy and the degree of professionalism of the communist era journalists.

This thesis deals with analysis of development of Chinese views on the origins of Chinese culture and statehood in view of archaeological research between the years 1940 and 1980. The analysis is based on information provided by popularizing media, specifically Chinese newspapers and high school textbooks, which are paired with archaeological overview from specialized publications written in English, Czech and Chinese language. Thesis consists of three parts. Firstly, it outlines development in archeology during four decades and the impact of nonacademic influence on scientific work. It serves as theoretical reference frame for the following analysis of Chinese sources. The second chapter deals with reflection of archaeological research in articles of the People's Daily newspapers. How are the archaeological findings valued by society, how does state ideology impacts on their research and it is related to that what are the geographical tendencies. Terminology and biased manner of expression in articles are also included to analysis. The third chapter consists of the study of views on the history of Chinese antiquity in textbooks. In which ways were textological historiography and outcome of archaeological research combined, including factual chronology of historical events and geographical location...

Work will deal with the comparison of two great philosophers of the 20th century. Both connects the fact that they were born in a Jewish environment and fundamental philosophical discipline considered ethics. Therefore, both authors agree in their works devoted to the nature of the relationship, "I - Thou", as one of the most pressing philosophical themes. How is their view of this relationship different? What must we do to meet "Thou"? Can a human have a "I and Thou" relationship with god? How can we recognize, that we are in "I and Thou" relationship? These and other questions will be the main subject of my research.