Esta tese apresenta elucidações técnicas e interpretações póscomposicionais de quatro peças compostas durante o doutorado: “Io” e “Calisto”, para piano solo, “Ganimedes” e “Europa”, para dois pianos. A composição musical é abordada em três etapas: a) descrição dos aspectos musicais e extramusicais dos primeiros estágios da composição; b) investigação das características sonoras das peças; c) construção de interpretações ficcionais pós-composicionais, imaginando as luas de Júpiter como ímpeto composicional e interpretativo. O terceiro estágio é realizado na perspectiva da teoria contemporânea das metáforas, tal qual proposta por George Lakoff e Mark Johnson e, posteriormente, por Mark Turner e Gilles Falconnier. Através da apresentação das categorias de metáforas, cruzamentos de mapeamento de domínios, esquemas de imagens, princípio de invariância, espaços conceptuais e mesclagem conceptual, se estabelecem, neste trabalho, conexões entre os conceitos metafóricos e a conceptualização metafórica da música. Isso contribui para a aproximação entre as características marcantes das peças e as cenas/ações propostas como primeira etapa das interpretações pós-composicionais, construídas pelo compositor. O trabalho propõe-se a pensar sobre a atribuição de significados da composição musical em uma perspectiva global, em que elementos extramusicais podem expandir a assimilação do fenômeno musical, bem como contribuir para a pedagogia da composição musical e para a produção de trabalhos colaborativos. / This thesis presents technical elucidations and post-compositional interpretations of four pieces composed during my doctorate degree: "Io" and "Calisto", for solo piano, "Ganimedes" and "Europa" for two pianos. The music composition is approached in three steps: a) description of the musical and extra musical aspects of the first stages of the composition; b) investigation of the sonorous characteristics of the pieces; c) construction of fictional postcompositional interpretations, imagining Jupiter's moons as compositional and interpretative impetus. The third stage is achieved under the perspective of the contemporary theory of metaphor proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, and posteriorly developed by Mark Turner and Gilles Falconnier. Through the introduction of metaphor categories, the cross-domain mapping, the image schema, the invariance principle, the mental spaces and the conceptual blending, some connections are established between the metaphoric concepts and the metaphoric conceptualization of music. This contributes to the approximation between the main characteristics of the pieces and the scenes/actions proposed in the first step of the post-compositional interpretations. This work proposes a reflection about the attribution of meanings on the musical composition in a global perspective, where extra musical elements can expand the assimilation of the musical phenomenon, as well as to contribute to the pedagogy of musical composition and the production of collaborative works.

Depuis l’aube des civilisations, l’humanité a essayé d’exprimer ses pensées. Pour exprimer ces pensées, l’homme utilise des langages. Les langages peuvent prendre différentes formes qui vont de la parole à l’image en passant par l’écriture. Pour garantir une cohérence et la compréhension de ce qui constitue une double traduction, celle de l’émission d’un message et celle de la réception d’un message, la philosophie a elle aussi tenté d’expliquer la signification de cette suite de caractère que constituent les mots, les phrases, les livres et des discours. Pour arriver à garantir cette cohérence de la signification d’un message, les philosophes ont généralement utilisé des méthodes analytiques dont Descartes a été le premier à décrire les principes. Nous avons donc appliqué ces principes aux différentes philosophies pour arriver à une impasse. L’analyse ne nous permet pas de garantir la compréhension de la signification d’un message. C’est l’intelligence artificielle qui nous a offert une solution. En effet, les travaux de Simon H. A. nous ont conduits à ne plus considérer la signification comme un système simple ou compliqué, mais comme un système complexe. Les méthodes appliquées aux systèmes complexes sont différentes des méthodes appliquées aux autres systèmes. Pour garantir la cohérence entre pensée et langage nous donc avons modélisé la signification au moyen de la systémique. Sur cette base, nous avons ouvert des réflexions sur les mécanismes que le cerveau utilise pour gérer la signification et appliquer notre modélisation à la recherche d’information sur internet non plus sur la base de mots, mais celle de leur signification. / Since the dawn of civilisation, humanity has tried to express its thoughts. To express these thoughts, man uses languages. Languages can take different forms, ranging from speech to images and writing. To ensure consistency and understanding of what constitutes a double translation, that of the transmission of a message and that of the receipt of a message, philosophy has also tried to explain the meaning of this sequence of characters that constitutes words, sentences, books, and speeches. To guarantee this coherence of the meaning of a message, philosophers used analytical methods, of whom Descartes was the first to describe the principles. We have applied these principles to different philosophies to reach an impasse. Analysis does not allow us to guarantee the understanding of the meaning of a message. Artificial intelligence that offered us a solution. Indeed, the work of Simon H. A. led us to no longer consider meaning as a simple or complicated system, but as a complex one. The methods applied to complex systems are different from the methods applied to other systems. To guarantee the coherence between thought and language, we have modelled the meaning using systemic. Using this as a base, we began to reflect on the mechanisms the brain uses to manage meaning and apply our modelling to the search for information on the Internet, based, not on words, but on their meaning.

Orientador: Elizabeth Piemonte Constantino / Banca: Claudia Aparecida Valderramas Gomes / Banca: Solange Pereira Marques Rossato / Resumo: O principal objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar o processo de construção do Plano Individual de Atendimento (PIA) para o cumprimento das medidas socioeducativas de Prestação de Serviço à Comunidade (PSC) e Liberdade Assistida (LA), bem como investigar o significado e sentido que os profissionais atribuem à construção do referido Plano. Trata-se de um estudo empírico, de cunho qualitativo, cujos instrumentos para a coleta de dados compreendem entrevista semiestruturada, observação participante e análise documental. A pesquisa foi realizada junto à Secretaria de Assistência Social de um Município do Norte do Paraná, em um programa que realiza o acompanhamento de adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas. Este estudo conta com a participação de dois profissionais, membros da equipe multidisciplinar, que são responsáveis pela elaboração e acompanhamento do PIA dos adolescentes. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base nos fundamentos da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica, mediante a estratégia de definição de "núcleos de significação" proposta por Aguiar e Ozella (2006, 2013), a qual objetiva apreender os significados e sentidos que constituem o conteúdo do discurso dos sujeitos participantes. As entrevistas realizadas permitiram inferir e sistematizar cinco núcleos de significação como via de aproximação dos significados e sentidos que os profissionais atribuem ao processo de construção do PIA. Os núcleos de significação estabelecidos foram: 1. O trabalho dos profiss... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the present research is to analyze the process of construction of the Individual Plan of attendance (PIA) for the fulfillment of the socio-educational measures of Provision of Community Service (PSC) and Assisted Liberty (LA) and investigate the meaning and meaning that professionals Attributed to the construction of said Plan. This is an empirical, qualitative study, using as instruments for data collection semi-structured interview, participant observation and documentary analysis. The research was carried out with the Secretary of Social Assistance of a Municipality of the North of Paraná, in a program where the monitoring of adolescents in compliance with socio-educational measures occurs. And it counts with the participation of two professionals, members of the multidisciplinary team, who are responsible for the elaboration and monitoring of the PIA of the adolescents. The analysis was carried out based on the foundations of Sociohistorical Psychology, through the strategy of definition "nucleus of signification" proposed by Aguiar and Ozella (2006, 2013) was used, which aims to apprehend the meanings and meanings that constitute the content of the discourse of the participating subjects. Based on the interviews, we infer and systematize five nucleus of signification as a way of approaching the meanings and meanings that professionals attribute to the process of constructing the PIA. We highlight the nucleus: 1. The work of professionals in the field of socio-educational measures and the interface they maintain with the Judiciary ...; 2. The process of elaboration the PIA: documentation, referrals, the place of the family, the place of the adolescent ...; 3. Effectiveness of the work foreseen in the PIA: referral and follow-up by the professionals ...;4. Reflection on the work of the professionals involved in the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The aim of this paper is to analyze Wittgenstein’s philosophical grammar in the Middle Period. The paper examines the thesis that grammar is not responsible for reality. It investigates the role that rules play in this context and how they determine meaning. Special focus shall be put on arbitrary rules. Therefore, we shall develop a thesis of vagueness with special emphasis on perspicuous representation. / Este trabajo analiza la propuesta wittgensteiniana acerca de la gramática filosófica en el período intermedio. Se estudia la tesis general de que la gramática no es responsable de la realidad. Seguidamente, se analiza el papel que juegan las reglas y cómo determinan el significado. Se indaga acerca del papel arbitrario de las reglas. Para ello se desarrolla la tesis de la vaguedad y el papel que juega la representación perspicua.

This article analyzes the theoretical and epistemological elaborations of Luhmann about the problem of meaning. Its aim is to trace the key tension that crosses the different inflections of his proposal: between a formal definition of meaning, with the distinction of selective actuality and the horizon of potentialities, and its taking form, parting from the operations of systems. In order to do this, three decisive moments of his perspective are studied. First, the article focuses on his claim to formally conceptualize and to «desubjectivize» meaning, within a series of theoretical inheritances and ruptures.Second, it analyzes the consequences of his autopoietical proposal, either by pointing out meaning as the coevolutionary achievement of psychic and social systems, or in its analysis of the linguistic generalization of meaning. Third, in his later works, with the intensification of his theory of the observer, the article examines his approach to meaning from the distinction between medium and form. Finally, the previous considerations are combined with his theory of evolution and differentiation of society, from which the article reflects on the particularities of the conceptual construction of Luhmann about meaning. / Este artículo analiza las elaboraciones teóricas y epistemológicas de Luhmann acerca del problema del sentido. El objetivo es rastrear la tensión clave que atraviesa las distintas inflexiones de su mirada entre una definición formal del sentido, con la distinción de la actualidad selectiva y el horizonte de potencialidades, y su puesta en forma, a partir de las operaciones de los sistemas. Para ello, se recorren tres momentos decisivos de su mirada. En primer lugar, se focaliza en su pretensión de conceptualizar al sentido de modo formal y «des-subjetivado», en un juego de herencias y rupturas teóricas. En segundo lugar, se da cuenta de las consecuencias de su propuesta autopoiética, ya sea al señalar al sentido como logro coevolutivo de los sistemas psíquicos y sociales, ya sea en su análisis de la generalización lingüística del sentido. En tercer lugar, en sus últimas obras, con la intensificación de su teoría del observador, se interroga su abordaje del sentido desde la distinción entre medio y forma. Por último, se aúnan las anteriores consideraciones con su teoría de la evolución y diferenciación de la sociedad, a partir de lo cual se reflexiona sobre las particularidades de la construcción conceptual de Luhmann respecto del sentido.

The text aims to discuss Social Constructionism as a theoretical approach for understanding sexual abuse. This approach enables the construction of new narratives, and creates conditions for the reinterpretation of the situations lived due to sexual abuse. It will furthermore help the person construct a more positive story of his/her life and identity. While narrating stories of sexual abuse, families get to know and perceive other new narrative sequences, finding a meaning that corresponds to the lived moment. These special conversations invite the reconstruction of a new narrative and enable a more reflective and critical position about violence. Additionally, there is a modification in the relation between the people involved in the conversation. / Este artículo se propone discutir el Construccionismo Social, como marco teórico para abordar el abuso sexual. Dicho marco favorece la construcción de nuevas narrativas, ofrece condiciones de reinterpretación de vivencias de abuso sexual, ayudando a las personas a ingresar en un relato más positivo de sus vidas y de su identidad. Al narrar historias de abuso sexual, las familias conocen y perciben otras y nuevas secuencias narrativas, hallando una pauta de sentido que corresponde al momento vivido. Estas conversaciones especiales incitan a la construcción de una nueva narrativa, invitando a la toma de una postura más reflexiva y crítica en relación con la violencia. Esta postura modifica la relación entre las personas involucradas en la conversación.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The Holy Qurʾān, like the Bible, is an acknowledged literary masterpiece. Its linguistic and aesthetic vivacity with an amalgam of religious beliefs, moral values, religious social orthodoxy and historical backgrounds pose a great challenge to any translator and make the task overwhelmingly arduous, if not unattainable. The study aims at examining the problems the Qurʾān translators encounter while translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English. It is based on the translations of two professional translators namely, Yusuf Ali and T.B. Irving. The translations provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the problems while translating Qurʾānic texts into English. The corpus for the present study includes the translations of four near-synonymous pairs namely, ghayth and maṭar,al-ḥilf and al-qasm, bakhīl and shaḥīḥ and ʿāqir and ʿaqīm in their Qurʾānic context. The two translated texts are compared to determine to which extent the translations reflect the referential and the connotative meaning of the original Qurʾānic text as well as to which extent they maintain the textuality standards such as cohesion,coherence, informativity, situationality and acceptability, intentionality and intertextuality. In short, the study sets out to identify the problematic areas in the translated Qurʾānic texts at the lexical and textual levels with a view to determining what makes one translation better than the other, or what brings one translation closer to the original text than the other.The study is an intersection between Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) and applied linguistics. The researcher consults different books on translation theories as well as of Qurʾānic exegeses(tafsīr) to facilitate the process of analyzing the near-synonyms in their Qurʾānic context. The researcher opts for eclecticism, instead of confining to a particular rigid model or approach,which is a combination of text-analysis translation-oriented approaches of De Beaugrande & Dressler (1981); Neubert & Shreve (1992); Halliday (1994) and Hatim & Mason (1990). In addition, the study draws upon the multiple and theoretical implications of Nida’s dynamic equivalence, Beekman & Callow’s (1974) historical and dynamic fidelity and Gutt’s (1991) relevance theory and the emphasis on communication as mainly context-dependent. These models are closely related and reliable in the process of analyzing and evaluating the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation of the Qurʾānic near-synonyms. Furthermore, the researcher suggests an outline approach for the process of analyzing the Qurʾānic near-synonyms translations in a systemic and organized way thereby ensuring maximum and effective communication of the Qurʾānic message.The study concludes that the Qurʾān translator, compared to other literary genres, faces many difficulties in translating the Qurʾānic ST message. The selected translations of the Holy Qurʾān have failed to measure up to the depth of the Qurʾānic message, its originality and the connotative shades of meanings of the original expression. The study attributes these problems to contextual, socio-cultural, theological and historical factors which create differences that lead to gaps or absence of lexicalization in the TT. Furthermore, the reliance on dictionary meaning rather than the meaning of the lexical item in context, the negligence of context culture as well as the context of situation (the reason for the revelation of the verses) affect the “periodicity” of the text as indicated by Martin & Rose (2007, p.187), that is, the information flow of the whole text.Accordingly, this affects maintaining the standards of textuality and the fidelity which a religious text should meet. The complexity of the Qurʾān as a genre is a great challenge to the translator at both the lexical and textual levels, which dilutes the authenticity of the holy text and misrepresents its true message. The conclusion of the study which contains recommendations based on experience may prove helpful to the future novice and professional translators to improve the quality of translation in general and religious translation in particular.The study is a contribution towards a greater understanding of the subtle differences between the near-synonymous pairs in their Qurʾānic context through Arabic-English translation. It is a novel addition to the world of religious translation, Qurʾān translation, ḥadīth and fiqh in English. It also contributes to some extent to modern exegeses of the Qurʾān. It is hoped that the work will encourage further studies in the field of translation to employ a context-based linguistic approach to translating different genres and sacred texts in particular, integrating insights from applicable translation and linguistic approaches.

La thèse reconstitue un débat entre Hegel et Heidegger à partir de la question sur la constitution du sens. La thèse propose une notion méthodologique de la négativité, qui soutient qu’une détermination conceptuelle est caractérisée par le paradoxe d’être simultanément révélatrice et dissimulant. Le constituant d'un phénomène se dissimule en faveur de l’immédiateté du phénomène constitué. Le rapport de tension entre sens et concept, et donc la confrontation entre Hegel et Heidegger, découle de cette conception de la négativité. Car si elle suppose que le constituant du sens est latent, il faut clarifier comment cette dimension de latence peut être révélée et articulée. Et si la détermination conceptuelle dissimule ce qu'elle révèle, se pose la question si la pensée peut conscientiser et surmonter cette tension inhérente. La dimension latente du sens est-elle une dimension non-conceptuelle ou, à l'inverse, le non-conceptuel est-il incapable d’avoir une portée dans le domaine sémantique? / My thesis maps out a debate between Hegel and Heidegger starting from the question concerning the constitution of meaning. It proposes a methodological notion of negativity, according to which a conceptual determination is characterized by the paradox of being simultaneously revealing and concealing. In other words, the constituent of a phenomenon is concealed in the immediacy of the constituted phenomenon. The tension between meaning and concept, reflected in the dispute between Hegel and Heidegger, arises from this conception of negativity. If the constituent of meaning is latent, it is necessary to clarify how this dimension of latency can be revealed and articulated. And if every conceptual determination conceals what it reveals, the question arises whether thought can become aware of this inherent tension and overcome it. Is the latent dimension of meaning non-conceptual, or is the non-conceptual irrelevant in the semantic domain?

A pesquisa aborda a subjetividade presente no fazer musical infantil. De modo específico, busca compreender os processos que geram sentido e significado nas notações musicais, de um grupo de nove crianças, com idade entre 4 a 6 anos. As crianças participantes são alunos regulares de Musicalização, do Curso Básico de Música, da Fundação Municipal de Artes de Montenegro – FUNDARTE. O registro das manifestações empíricas ocorreu em quatro encontros, no período de setembro a novembro de 2009, os quais foram filmados para o detalhamento das análises. A epistemologia da pesquisa qualitativa e subjetividade, defendida por Gonzales Rey, orienta a escolha metodológica e os conceitos relevantes da investigação, adotando-se o estudo de caso como estratégia de pesquisa. O sentido e o significado das notações musicais das crianças foram compreendidos, a partir de núcleos configurados em torno da materialidade, das narrativas, das relações interpessoais e simbologias compartilhadas no processo dialógico que envolveu as crianças participantes e o pesquisador. Os aportes teóricos de Silvia Helena Cruz e colaboradores (2008) possibilitaram que as interações dessa pesquisa fossem guiadas pela voz das crianças, para então apreender os fundamentos de sua subjetividade. A presente pesquisa poderá contribuir como um referencial para futuras pesquisas com crianças, realizadas em outros contextos e áreas da educação, interessadas em compreender o sentido e o significado das produções infantis. / The research approaches the subjectivity present in musical making for children. In a specific way, it aims to understand the processes that generate meaning and sense in musical notation, in a group of nine children aged from 4 to 6 years. Participant’s children are regular students of Musicalization on the Basic Course of Music at Fundação Municipal de Artes de Montenegro – FUNDARTE. The record of empirical manifestations in this research occurred in four meetings from September to November 2009, when were filmed for a detailed analysis. The epistemology of qualitative and subjectivity research, defended by Gonzales Rey, guides the methodological choice and the relevant concepts of investigation, adopting the case study as research strategy. The meaning and sense of musical notation of children were understood from configured issues around the materiality, the narratives, the interpersonal relations and symbology shared in the dialogic process that involved the participant children and the researcher. The theoretical contribution of Silvia Helena Cruz and collaborators (2008) made possible that the interactions of this research were guided by the children voice for then to apprehend the fundamentals of their subjectivity. This research can contribute as a reference for future researches with children in other contexts and education area, interested in understanding the meaning and sense of children productions.

Paul Singer entende que existam, basicamente, duas lógicas de condução das atividades econômicas: a capitalista cujas características são a competição, individualismo, exploração do trabalho e a desigualdade gerada pelo jogo da livre concorrência, sendo a reprodução de tal lógica assegurada pelo modelo de propriedade privada e heterogestão; e a lógica de Economia Solidária cujas características são a cooperação, solidariedade, participação e igualdade, sendo a reprodução dessa lógica possível através do modelo de autogestão e propriedade coletiva. Assim, Singer entende que o sentido do trabalho autogerido está determinado por um conjunto de princípios (cooperação, solidariedade, participação e igualdade) objetivados no modelo de autogestão. Critica-se essa perspectiva por desconsiderar o papel criativo e reflexivo dos indivíduos na construção do sentido do seu trabalho e, também, por afirmar que o modelo de autogestão só poderia ser “verdadeiramente” conduzido através de princípios de Economia Solidária. Em contraposição, esta pesquisa buscou compreender o sentido do trabalho autogerido como uma construção reflexiva do sujeito, a partir de princípios e conhecimentos de natureza diversa, que se sedimentaram no seu estoque subjetivo de conhecimento ao longo de sua biografia de socialização. Com base na fundamentação empírica de 28 entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com trabalhadores de cinco cooperativas, identificaram-se quatro tipos de sentido do trabalho autogerido: 1) político – o sentido do trabalho autogerido é que ele representa a possibilidade de participação em um processo de mudança da realidade social; 2) coletivista – o sentido do trabalho autogerido é que ele representa a possibilidade da promoção do bem-estar e da qualidade de vida dos membros do coletivo de trabalho; 3) capitalista – o trabalho autogerido só tem sentido se servir de meio para inserção competitiva no mercado visando ao lucro como um fim em si mesmo; 4) sobrevivência individual – o trabalho autogerido representa uma saída, na falta de uma melhor, para manutenção da sobrevivência material e financeira. As diferenças entre os sentidos do trabalho autogerido são explicados a luz das diferenças em seis dimensões (família, trabalho, política, sindicato, educação e religião) nas biografias de socialização dos trabalhadores. / In Paul Singer’s understanding, there are essentially two logics guiding economic activities: the capitalist one, characterized by competition, individualism, labor exploitation and inequalities generated by the game of free competition – the reproduction of such logics being ensured by private property and the “hetero-management” model; and the logics of Solidary Economy whose characteristics are cooperation, solidarity, participation and equality – the reproduction of this logic being possible by means of collective property and the selfmanagement model. Thus, Singer understands that the meaning of the self-managed labor is determined by a set of principles (cooperation, solidarity, participation and equality) objectified in the self-management model. We criticize this perspective for disregarding the creative and reflective role of individuals in building up their labor’s meaning and, also, for claiming that the self-management model might only be “truly” conducted within the principles of Solidary Economy. Contradicting such perspective, this study sought to comprehend the meaning of selfmanaged work while a reflective construction by the individual subject, based on both principles and knowledge of diverse character, which were consolidated within the subjective stock of knowledge along his/her biography of socialization. Based on the empirical foundation comprised by 28 structured interviews applied to workers of five cooperative enterprises, we identified four categories of meaning related to the self-managed work: 1) politic – the meaning of self-managed work is that it represents the possibility of participating in a process for changing the social reality; 2) collectivist – the meaning of the self-managed work is that it represents the possibility of promoting the welfare and the quality of life of members of the labor group; 3) capitalist - the self-managed work only makes sense if it serves as a means for competitive entry in the market aiming at profit as an end itself; 4) individual survival – the selfmanaged work represents a resort, in the absence of a better one, for the maintenance of material and financial survival. The differences between meanings of self-managed labor are explained in the light of six dimensions of distinctions (family, work, politics, labor union, education and religion) in the worker’s biography of socialization.