Im Bereich der Zugangsnetze werden zukünftig drahtlose Multihop-Erweiterungen des Internets durch mobile Ad-hoc-Netze sowie durch drahtlose vermaschte Netze (sog. Wireless Mesh Networks) Verbreitung finden, da diese Netztechnologien den Datentransfer einfacher und schneller, womöglich auch deutlich kostengünstiger, durchführen können als zellulare Mobilfunknetze.

Internet of Things (iot) is a growing field enabled by many different technologies. One of these technologies is  Bluetooth Low Energy (ble). It is of interest to investigate the potential of ble and one interesting, currently unsupported, feature is mesh networking. This thesis work aims to investigate whether it is possible to design and implement a mesh network protocol using ble. To verify the implemented mesh network protocols functionality an indoor localization system has been implemented upon the BLE mesh network protocol. Furthermore this thesis work investigates if an indoor localization system can benefit from using a mesh network. The results of the investigation is a proof of concept of a functional ble mesh network protocol implemented on hardware and tested in a real environment. Tests show that the implemented localization system has similar accuracy as other rssi based indoor localization systems. The largest advantage found for a mesh based indoor localization is the ability to localize objects outside of the radio propagation range of the user. This feature is enabled by multi-hop messaging in the mesh network.

Although most work on Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) has focused on traffic flowing in and out of the network via gateways, traffic within the WMN may also be significant in many environments. This point-to-point (P2P) traffic between the nodes within WMN can be handled in different ways, particularly in WMNs containing multiple gateways. The approach used affects the performance of both the P2P flows and other traffic in the network. This work studies the impact of handling P2P traffic in the presence of gateways and gateway traffic. Through mathematical analysis of the resulting traffic patterns, along with extensive simulations, the need to route P2P traffic appropriately is demonstrated. While direct routing yields considerable performance improvements in small networks, it can actually decrease capacity in larger networks. Consequently, we extend the Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) proposed in IEEE 802.11s by adding two new message types to obtain more information useful for choosing the best route. Through simulations on different networks, HWMP shows better average delivery ratio and end-to-end delay than the original gateway-based and the P2P routing mechanisms in the simulation settings.

Although most work on Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) has focused on traffic flowing in and out of the network via gateways, traffic within the WMN may also be significant in many environments. This point-to-point (P2P) traffic between the nodes within WMN can be handled in different ways, particularly in WMNs containing multiple gateways. The approach used affects the performance of both the P2P flows and other traffic in the network. This work studies the impact of handling P2P traffic in the presence of gateways and gateway traffic. Through mathematical analysis of the resulting traffic patterns, along with extensive simulations, the need to route P2P traffic appropriately is demonstrated. While direct routing yields considerable performance improvements in small networks, it can actually decrease capacity in larger networks. Consequently, we extend the Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) proposed in IEEE 802.11s by adding two new message types to obtain more information useful for choosing the best route. Through simulations on different networks, HWMP shows better average delivery ratio and end-to-end delay than the original gateway-based and the P2P routing mechanisms in the simulation settings.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are bringing revolutionary change in the field of wireless networking. It is a trustworthy technology in applications like broadband home networking, network management and latest transportation systems. WMNs consist of mesh routers, mesh clients and gateways. It is a special kind of wireless Ad-hoc networks. One of the issues in WMNs is resource management which includes routing and for routing there are particular routing protocols that gives better performance when checked with certain parameters. Parameters in WMNs include delay, throughput, network load etc. There are two types of routing protocols i.e. reactive protocols and proactive protocols. Three routing protocols AODV, DSR and OLSR have been tested in WMNs under certain parameters which are delay, throughput and network load. The testing of these protocols will be performed in the Optimized Network Evaluation Tool (OPNET) Modeler 14.5. The obtained results from OPNET will be displayed in this thesis in the form of graphs. This thesis will help in validating which routing protocol will give the best performance under the assumed conditions. Moreover this thesis report will help in doing more research in future in this area and help in generating new ideas in this research area that will enhance and bring new features in WMNs. / Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) bringar revolutionerande förändring inom området för trådlösa nätverk. Det är en pålitlig teknik i tillämpningar såsom bredband hemma nätverk, nätverkshantering och senaste transportsystem. WMNs består av mesh routrar, kunder mesh och gateways. Det är en speciell typ av trådlöst ad-hoc-nätverk. En av frågorna i WMNs är resurshushållning som inkluderar routing och routing det finns särskilda routingprotokoll som ger bättre prestanda vid kontroll med vissa parametrar. Parametrar i WMNs omfatta dröjsmål, genomströmning, belastningen på nätet etc. Det finns två typer av routingprotokoll dvs reaktiva protokoll och proaktiva protokoll. Tre routingprotokoll AODV, DSR och OLSR har testats i WMNs under vissa parametrar som är försenade, genomströmning och belastningen på nätet. Testning av dessa protokoll kommer att utföras i den optimerade Network Evaluation Tool (OPNET) Modeler 14.5. De erhållna resultaten från OPNET kommer att visas i denna avhandling i form av grafer. Denna uppsats kommer att bidra till att godkänna vilka routingprotokoll kommer att ge bäst resultat enligt den antagna förhållanden. Dessutom kommer denna uppsats rapport kommer att bidra till att göra mer forskning i framtiden på detta område och bidra till att generera nya idéer inom detta forskningsområde som kommer att öka och att nya funktioner i WMNs. / +46762749245

Recent advances in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have overcome the drawbacks of traditional wired networks and wireless ad hoc networks. WMNs will play a leading role in the next generation of networks, and the question of how to provide smooth mobility for WMNs is the driving force behind the research. The inherent characteristics of WMNs, such as relatively static backbones and highly mobile clients, require new handoff management solutions to be designed and implemented. This thesis first presents our research work on handoff management schemes in traditional WMNs. In general, a handoff process includes two parts, the MAC layer handoff and the network layer handoff. For the MAC layer handoff, a self-configured handoff scheme with dynamic adaptation is presented. Before the mobile node starts the probe process, it configures parameters for each channel to optimize the scan process. Moreover, a fast authentication scheme to reduce authentication latency for WiFi-based mesh networks is introduced. A tunnel is introduced to forward data packets between the new access router and the original reliable access router to recover data communication before the complete authentication process is finished. To minimize the network layer handoff latency, a hybrid routing protocol for forwarding packets is proposed: this involves both the link layer routing and the network layer routing. Based on the hybrid routing protocol, both intra-domain and inter-domain handoff management have been designed to support smooth roaming in WMNs. In addition, we extend our work to Vehicular Mesh Networks (VMNs). Considering the characteristics of VMNs, a fast handoff scheme is introduced to reduce handoff latency by using a multi-hop clustering algorithm. Using this scheme, vehicle nodes are divided into different multi-hop clusters according to the relative mobility. Some vehicle nodes are selected as assistant nodes; and these assistant nodes will help the cluster head node to determine the next access router for minimizing handoff latency. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reduce handoff latency significantly.

<p>The Master’s thesis report describes the wireless mesh networks functions,</p><p>characteristics, network management and finally different protocols with security issues and applications. Wireless Networks (WMNs) are replacing wireless Infrastructure networks in many areas because of their lower and higher flexibility. The wireless mesh networks (WMNs) provides network access for both mesh and conventional clients through mesh routers and mesh clients. Communication across the network is formed via the bridge functions. Mesh router also provides the minimal mobility and form the backbone of WMNs.</p><p>Wireless mesh network has resolved the limitation of ad hoc networks which is ultimately improves the performance of Ad hoc networks. Security is a very important issue which can be resolve through proper management of network. The improvment of 802.11i security has greatly improved the network perfomance and increase the encryption and integrity security capabilities. The key points which are being addressed in this report are security issues and threats and their counter measures. Attacks which can come on diffent layers are being discussed in this survey. Security of wireless mesh network is still under consideration. Wireless mesh network are attracting more attention due to its enhanced features.</p><p>Wireless mesh network topology technology is being discussed in this report. Then network management of WMNs is explained and in the concluding chapters security issues are discussed. Threats, attacks and challenges of WMNs are discussed in this survey.</p>

Recent advances in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have overcome the drawbacks of traditional wired networks and wireless ad hoc networks. WMNs will play a leading role in the next generation of networks, and the question of how to provide smooth mobility for WMNs is the driving force behind the research. The inherent characteristics of WMNs, such as relatively static backbones and highly mobile clients, require new handoff management solutions to be designed and implemented. This thesis first presents our research work on handoff management schemes in traditional WMNs. In general, a handoff process includes two parts, the MAC layer handoff and the network layer handoff. For the MAC layer handoff, a self-configured handoff scheme with dynamic adaptation is presented. Before the mobile node starts the probe process, it configures parameters for each channel to optimize the scan process. Moreover, a fast authentication scheme to reduce authentication latency for WiFi-based mesh networks is introduced. A tunnel is introduced to forward data packets between the new access router and the original reliable access router to recover data communication before the complete authentication process is finished. To minimize the network layer handoff latency, a hybrid routing protocol for forwarding packets is proposed: this involves both the link layer routing and the network layer routing. Based on the hybrid routing protocol, both intra-domain and inter-domain handoff management have been designed to support smooth roaming in WMNs. In addition, we extend our work to Vehicular Mesh Networks (VMNs). Considering the characteristics of VMNs, a fast handoff scheme is introduced to reduce handoff latency by using a multi-hop clustering algorithm. Using this scheme, vehicle nodes are divided into different multi-hop clusters according to the relative mobility. Some vehicle nodes are selected as assistant nodes; and these assistant nodes will help the cluster head node to determine the next access router for minimizing handoff latency. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reduce handoff latency significantly.