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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Metallhalter i snäckor från Östersjön : En undersökning av säsongskillnader i metallhalter hos snäckor från Östersjön

Nilsson, Jannie January 2013 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is a seasonal difference in metal concentrations in marine gastropods. Metals that were studied were chromium, copper, nickel and zinc. Gastropods were collected at one contaminated site and one reference site. For the contaminated site Rönnskärsverken, Skellefteå, Sweden, was chosen because of its long history as location for a smelter. Kylören, Umeå, Sweden, was chosen as reference site.  The gastropods were collected on two occasions at each site, the first time in the beginning of June and the second time in the end of August. The gastropods were then removed from their shells and the tissue was analyzed spectrometrically for metal content after acid-digestion. The results from the analysis showed unsurprisingly that metal contamination was higher at the contaminated site than at the reference site. More interestingly, it was also found that there are seasonal differences in almost every metal included in the study. Nickel and chromium concentrations were significantly increased (P<0, 05) in the end of the summer and the zinc concentration had the highest value in June in Rönnskärsverken but the highest value in August for the reference site. As only exception, copper concentration did not show any seasonal variation in snail tissue. In conclusion this study shows that there are seasonal differences in metal concentrations in marine gastropods but the differences are not consistent and differs from metal to metal if the concentration is increased in the beginning or the end of summer.
2

Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanocomposites

Zhao, Qi 24 October 2013 (has links)
No description available.
3

Estudo não-invasivo de vinhos tintos em garrafas lacradas através de RMN ¹H no domínio do tempo e análise multivariada / Non-invasive study of red wines in sealed bottles using 1H NMR in time domain and multivariate analysis

Scherrer, Esther Machado 15 February 2016 (has links)
A análise de qualidade de vinhos é altamente requisitada no setor da enologia. No entanto, o simples ato de abrir a garrafa desvaloriza o produto, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos não-invasivos. Atualmente, dois métodos não-invasivos têm sido propostos para análise da qualidade de vinhos em garrafas lacradas: análise do perfil diamagnético e espectroscopia de ressonância magnética (RMN) em alta resolução, usando um ímã de tomógrafo de RMN. No entanto, esses métodos têm baixa seletividade e/ou usam aparelhos que custam milhares de dólares, o que limita seu uso rotineiro. Neste trabalho de mestrado avaliou-se o uso de métodos rápidos de medidas relaxométricas (T1 e T2) para estudar vinhos diretamente nas embalagens lacradas. Neste tipo de medida utilizou-se um equipamento de RMN 1H no domínio do tempo, de baixo custo, baseado em um ímã permanente tipo Halbach de 0,23 T e 10 cm de bore livre utilizando as sequências de pulso CPMG e CP-CWFPx-x. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com medidas realizadas em um equipamento de RMN-DT padrão, mais homogêneo, porém que requer a abertura da garrafa. Todos os decaimentos obtidos foram tratados com ferramentas quimiométricas, correlacionando os dados multivariados com medidas dos metais paramagnéticos ferro, manganês e cobre de cada vinho. Os resultados mostraram que a variação de relaxação dos vinhos ocorreu devido à concentração de Mn2+, que tem uma relaxatividade maior do que o Fe3+ e o Cu2+. Portanto, os resultados mostram que os vinhos de diferentes origens geográficas têm diferentes perfis de relaxação conforme a concentração de metais absorvidos durante o crescimento das uvas, inerente às propriedades edafoambientais de seu local de origem (terroir). / The quality control of wines is highly requested in the enology sector. However, opening the bottle devalues the product, therefore it\'s necessary to develop alternative and non-invasive ways of analysis. Nowadays two non-invasive methods have been proposed to analyze wine in sealed bottles: diamagnetic profile of the bottle and high resolution nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) using an NMR imaging magnet (MRI). These methods, though, have low selectivity and/or use expensive hardware, making it\'s usage limited. In this study, rapid methods to measure the relaxometric constants (T1 and T2) were evaluated to study wines directly in sealed bottles. To do that it was used a 1H TD-NMR equipment of low cost, based on a permanent Halbach magnet with 0,23T and a 10cm bore. CPMG and CP-CWFPx-x pulse sequences were used and the results were compared to the ones obtained by standard TD-NMR equipment, which is more homogeneous but requires the bottle to be opened. The NMR decays obtained with these two sequences were treated using chemometric tools and correlated to paramagnetic ions content in the samples (Fe3+, Mn2+ and Cu2+). The results show that variation of wine relaxation time is related to the the Mn2+ content, that has higher relaxivity than Fe3+ and Cu2+. As consequence, wine from different geographic origins have different relaxation profiles due to the presence of metals absorbed by the grapes whilst their growth. The metal concentrations in grapes are inherent to soil and environmental properties of the wines origin site (terroir).
4

Estudo não-invasivo de vinhos tintos em garrafas lacradas através de RMN ¹H no domínio do tempo e análise multivariada / Non-invasive study of red wines in sealed bottles using 1H NMR in time domain and multivariate analysis

Esther Machado Scherrer 15 February 2016 (has links)
A análise de qualidade de vinhos é altamente requisitada no setor da enologia. No entanto, o simples ato de abrir a garrafa desvaloriza o produto, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos não-invasivos. Atualmente, dois métodos não-invasivos têm sido propostos para análise da qualidade de vinhos em garrafas lacradas: análise do perfil diamagnético e espectroscopia de ressonância magnética (RMN) em alta resolução, usando um ímã de tomógrafo de RMN. No entanto, esses métodos têm baixa seletividade e/ou usam aparelhos que custam milhares de dólares, o que limita seu uso rotineiro. Neste trabalho de mestrado avaliou-se o uso de métodos rápidos de medidas relaxométricas (T1 e T2) para estudar vinhos diretamente nas embalagens lacradas. Neste tipo de medida utilizou-se um equipamento de RMN 1H no domínio do tempo, de baixo custo, baseado em um ímã permanente tipo Halbach de 0,23 T e 10 cm de bore livre utilizando as sequências de pulso CPMG e CP-CWFPx-x. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com medidas realizadas em um equipamento de RMN-DT padrão, mais homogêneo, porém que requer a abertura da garrafa. Todos os decaimentos obtidos foram tratados com ferramentas quimiométricas, correlacionando os dados multivariados com medidas dos metais paramagnéticos ferro, manganês e cobre de cada vinho. Os resultados mostraram que a variação de relaxação dos vinhos ocorreu devido à concentração de Mn2+, que tem uma relaxatividade maior do que o Fe3+ e o Cu2+. Portanto, os resultados mostram que os vinhos de diferentes origens geográficas têm diferentes perfis de relaxação conforme a concentração de metais absorvidos durante o crescimento das uvas, inerente às propriedades edafoambientais de seu local de origem (terroir). / The quality control of wines is highly requested in the enology sector. However, opening the bottle devalues the product, therefore it\'s necessary to develop alternative and non-invasive ways of analysis. Nowadays two non-invasive methods have been proposed to analyze wine in sealed bottles: diamagnetic profile of the bottle and high resolution nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) using an NMR imaging magnet (MRI). These methods, though, have low selectivity and/or use expensive hardware, making it\'s usage limited. In this study, rapid methods to measure the relaxometric constants (T1 and T2) were evaluated to study wines directly in sealed bottles. To do that it was used a 1H TD-NMR equipment of low cost, based on a permanent Halbach magnet with 0,23T and a 10cm bore. CPMG and CP-CWFPx-x pulse sequences were used and the results were compared to the ones obtained by standard TD-NMR equipment, which is more homogeneous but requires the bottle to be opened. The NMR decays obtained with these two sequences were treated using chemometric tools and correlated to paramagnetic ions content in the samples (Fe3+, Mn2+ and Cu2+). The results show that variation of wine relaxation time is related to the the Mn2+ content, that has higher relaxivity than Fe3+ and Cu2+. As consequence, wine from different geographic origins have different relaxation profiles due to the presence of metals absorbed by the grapes whilst their growth. The metal concentrations in grapes are inherent to soil and environmental properties of the wines origin site (terroir).
5

Assessment of Sulfate in Ohio Transportation Subgrades

Freese, Kevin M. 16 September 2014 (has links)
No description available.
6

Determination and characterisation of trace metals and persistant oganic pollutants in Baynespruit river, Sobantu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Zuma, Vincent Thulani 06 1900 (has links)
This study assesses the presence of selected trace metals and pops in the Baynespruit River, Sobantu, KwaZulu-Natal. Sediments, plants and water samples were collected along the river during dry and wet season. For metal analysis, the extraction was done using acid digestion and then determined on the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, for total metals in sediments, plants and water. Bio-available metals in sediments were analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. POPs were extracted in sediments using soxhlet extraction, which was followed up by evaporation on the rotary evaporator, sample clean up on a GPC column, further sample concentration on the rotary evaporator and later analysed on GC/MS instrument. Metals of concern in both seasons were Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn which exceeded maximum permissible limits for South African soil, Cr was just about the maximum permissible limit. The targeted POPs were not detected on any site during this work. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
7

Avaliação e aplicação de metodologia da técnica espectrométrica de fluorescência de raios X por reflexão total (TXRF) na caracterização multielementar em particulados sólidos de amostras ambientais / Evaluation and technical application of the methodology of the total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) in multi-element characterization of particulate solids from environmental samples

Santos, Joelmir dos 29 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2018-04-25T00:28:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joelmir_Santos_2016.pdf: 3759768 bytes, checksum: 953ccb765b5bea358bd87b6b493ab5cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T00:28:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joelmir_Santos_2016.pdf: 3759768 bytes, checksum: 953ccb765b5bea358bd87b6b493ab5cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aimed the evaluation and application of methodology for multielement analyses by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) in order to provide analyte concentration measurements with accuracy and precision. Using the energy and intensity of the spectral lines of characteristic X-ray, a series of chemicals were identified and quantified, respectively, with a concentration below part per million to a few parts per billion, especially for transition metals. To ensure statistical reliability and reproducibility, a methodology based on the deposition of fine particles, less than 50 m, representative sample and uniformly spread on a quartz flat reflector, which was extremely clean and positioned at the angular condition of maximum reflectivity of monochromatic X-rays was applied. To ensure uniformity on the support surface and the sample representativeness, a number of replicas of specific quantities of samples, in the form of a fine powder was added in a diluted viscous organic solution containing a well-known concentration of an element choosing as internal standard. An aliquot of the viscous solution containing both the suspended particulate sample and an internal standard was deposited at the center of the quartz reflector and dried, yielding a very thin layer of particulates. First, the instrumental TXRF was previously evaluated for its operation, spectral response and recovery of transition metal concentrations in a test sample supplied by the manufacturer. The reproducibility of the elemental concentration measurements was tested with a combination of the number of experimental replicates (five) and analytical (three) for each type of environmental matrix samples, namely certified reference materials or CRMs. Six types of CRMs were tested: river sediment, tomato leaves, rice, fish muscle, bone and bovine liver. The data were statistically processed data, resulting in a series of average and uncertainty values of the analyte concentrations was compared to certified reference values, reported in the technical reports of CRM. Regarding the multielement character of the TXRF technique, there was a good recovery, about 100%, for most of the certified concentrations of the referenced analytes in the six CRMs within the margin of variability of results found by both the TXRF technique and reports. It was also found that the detection limit depends on the density matrix of the material under study. However, the transition elements were those with the lowest values of detection limits. Having a good recovery of majority analyte concentrations in Buffalo River sediment reference material, the same methodology was applied to sediment material analysis of Bezerra stream that was collected in three locations and for a period of three years. A number of chemicals has been identified through their spectral lines K and L and quantified following the internal standard method. The set of concentration data was statistically processed from the point of view of the normality of the data and an analysis of principal components, revealing a systematic presence of high concentrations of heavy metals such as lead and chromium, comparatively higher those recommended by current environmental legislation (CONAMA 420/2009) as the maximum permissible limits. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação e aplicação de metodologia para análise multielementar por meio da espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X por reflexão total (TXRF), a fim de fornecer medidas de concentração de analitos com acurácia e precisão. Usando a energia e a intensidade das linhas espectrais de raios X característicos, uma série de elementos químicos foram identificados e quantificados, respectivamente, com concentração abaixo de parte por milhão até poucas partes por bilhão, principalmente para metais de transição. A fim de garantir a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade estatística, foi aplicada uma metodologia que se baseia na deposição de particulados finos, menores que 50 m, representativos da amostra e uniformemente distribuídos sobre um refletor plano de quartzo, previamente limpo, na condição angular de máxima refletividade de raios X monocromáticos. Para garantir a uniformidade no suporte e a representatividade da amostra, uma série de réplicas de quantidades específicas de amostras, na forma de um pó fino, foi adicionada em solução orgânica viscosa diluída contendo uma concentração conhecida de um elemento na qualidade de padrão interno. Uma alíquota da solução viscosa contendo ambos o particulado de amostra em suspensão e o padrão interno foi depositada no centro do refletor de quartzo e seca, obtendo-se uma camada fina de particulado. Primeiramente, o instrumental TXRF foi previamente avaliado quanto a operação, resposta espectral e recuperação de concentrações de metais de transição de uma amostra de teste fornecido pelo fabricante. A reprodutibilidade das medidas de concentração elementar foi testada com uma combinação da série de réplicas experimentais (cinco) e analíticas (três) para cada tipo de matriz de amostras ambientais, chamadas de Materiais de Referência Certificados ou MRC. Foram testados seis tipos de MCRs: sedimento de rio, folhas de tomate, arroz, músculo de peixe, osso e fígado bovino. Foram processados estatisticamente a série de dados de concentrações elementares de cada MCR, obtendo-se o valor médio e incerteza da concentração de cada analito de referência o qual foi comparado ao reportado nos laudos técnicos dos MCR. Considerando o caráter multielementar da técnica TXRF, verificou-se uma boa recuperação, em torno de 100%, da maioria das concentrações referenciadas e certificadas dos analitos nos seis MCRs, dentro da margem de variabilidade dos resultados encontrados pela técnica TXRF e reportados pelos laudos. Verificou-se também que o limite de detecção depende da densidade da matriz do material sob estudo. Contudo, os elementos de transição foram os que apresentaram os menores valores de limites de detecção. Tendo a boa recuperação das concentrações de analitos maioritários no material de referência sedimento Buffalo River, foi aplicada a mesma metodologia para análise de material de sedimento do córrego Bezerra-Cascavel que foi coletado em três locais ao longo dele e por um período de três anos. Uma série de elementos químicos foram identificados através de suas linhas espectrais K e L, e quantificados seguindo o método do padrão interno. O conjunto de dados de concentração foi processado estatisticamente do ponto de vista da normalidade dos dados e feita uma análise de componentes principais, revelando uma sistemática presença de altas concentrações de metais pesados, tais como chumbo e cromo, comparativamente maiores daqueles preconizados pela atual legislação ambiental (CONAMA 420/2009) quanto aos limites máximos permissíveis.

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