This thesis is concerned with the discernment of rhetorical technique within the eighteenth-century opera seria. An oration and an opera seria are both carefully planned word strategies which are vocally performed before an audience with the aim both to entertain and to persuade. As the audience is led through a succession of events and emotional responses to these events, a climax is reached where the audience is suddenly aware of the message of the oration or drama, and the conclusion strongly reinforces this before the curtain drops. The audience is therefore obj ectively convinced as to the moral of the drama through the libretto and is similarly emotionally convinced through the use of music and gesture. This is the method of opera seria. The libretto, the music, and the acting all work towards the same rhetorical ideal of a moral lesson through persuasive presentation. It is truly an exercise in rhetoric from its smallest component to its overall structure. Pietro Metastasio (1698-1782) wrote his first opera seria libretto in 1724 -- Didone abbandonata (set by Domenico Sarro) -- and from this point on, he became the century's chief librettist for opera seria. Anxious to continue the earlier reforms in operatic libretti, Metastasio required an ideal model on which to base his reforms. Given his strong knowledge and ready skill in the art of oration, this thesis proposes that it is upon this model that he formulated his many opera seria libretti. Although the original 1724 production of Didone abbandonata was a great success, most eighteenth-century critics of opera maintained that the drama was best presented in the Rome production (1726) as set to music by Leonardo Vinci (1690-1730), and it is this setting which will be the focus of the thesis. Chapter I examines and defines the art of rhetoric. Proof is provided to illustrate that both music and rhetoric share the same means, procedures, and goals, and as seen through the words of musicians and writers of rhetoric, it is shown that they themselves borrowed extensively from each other. In Chapter II, the libretto of Didone abbandonata is analyzed as a rhetorical exercise using the rhetorical framework discussed in the previous chapter as a guide. Chapter III examines the persuasive functions of the aria and the accompanied recitative for, although the libretto alone is a persuasive argument, it grows more powerful when underlined and punctuated with music as a direct appeal to the emotions of the audience. Finally, Chapter IV concludes with a discussion of the abuse of the aria by virtuoso singers and the unchanging opera seria format whose principles did not adapt to changing tastes of the audience. As a result, the opera seria remains a genre of the early eighteenth-century. / Graduate / 0413

Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2010.

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The theme of the thesis is the serious opera Nitteti, which was composed in 1765 by the Italian composer Domenico Fischietti at the end of his several-years-long residence in Prague. The thesis aims at introducing Fischietti's serious opera style, which has so far been neglected and mostly overshadowed by his comic operas. This work focuses on exploring and elaborating on the topic of Prague Italian opera of that era through the study of the opera Nitteti. At the same time, the opera Nitteti is compared with a later version of the same title composed for Naples by Fischietti in 1775. One of the foundations for examining the opera is the context of the theater production (especially performing singers) in both opera centers. The composer's treatment of the classical libretto by Pietro Metastasio in terms of music dramaturgy and the transformation of Fischietti's compositional style is also subject to comparison scrutiny in both versions. Keywords Domenico Fischietti, Nitteti, opera seria, Pietro Metastasio, 18th century, arias analysis

The unpublished concert aria, "Ch'io t'abbandono," by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1825), is representative of the adolescent composer's developing musical aesthetic. In this study, Mendelssohn's education, work ethic, and perfectionism are revealed, paradoxically, as both the catalysts for the piece's composition and also the reasons it was not published during Mendelssohn's lifetime. An exploration of the text, form, thematic usage, and performance demands of the aria yields specific examples of his uniquely balanced romantic-classicist style. A consideration of possible original performers of the piece, Franz Hauser and Eduard Devrient, leads to further discussion about the nature of the work as both a reflection of Mendelssohn's romantic self-expression and his appreciation for the Baroque melismatic style. The significance of the aria, both stylistic and biographical, is further delineated by a presentation of possible motivations for its composition. The musical setting of the text, as well as the text itself, indicates both Mendelssohn's awareness of himself as a maturing adolescent composer and his desire to be a composer of operatic works, a desire that was never fully realized.

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Setting a very famous Metastasio's libreto Semiramide riconosciuta to music in Prague in 1752, Giovanni Marco Rutini has ranked among the best composers of his time. The aim of this thesis is to explore the process of this production coming to light: the influence of changes in the original libretto in the beginning to the impact of music later. Researching the context of the Prague theatre productions in the 1750s, we were further able to make some suggestions about the reasons of these changes/interpretations. Studying the dramaturgical level of this composition in the first place, we were using comparison and stylistic analytical methods which showed Rutini as a very creative composer with a sense of dramatical situations and a characterization skills. Key words: Giovanni Marco Rutini, Semiramide riconosciuta, Pietro Metastasio, Giovanni Battista Locatelli, Christoph Willibald Gluck, dramaturgy of opera, musical analysis