L’alliage Ti-5553 destiné à la fabrication des trains d’atterrissage suit au cours de sa mise en forme, un schéma thermomécanique assez complexe composé par des étapes de forgeage successives dans les domaines monophasé β et biphasé α+β. Ainsi dans le but de rendre possible l’optimisation de ses gammes de forgeage, un important développement des connaissances sur la rhéologie et sur les évolutions microstructurales au cours du traitement thermomécanique est donc nécessaire pour l’entreprise Messier Bugatti Dowty. L’objectif ici est de déterminer expérimentalement la rhéologie et de modéliser le comportement mécanique ainsi que la caractérisation des microstructures de l’alliage Ti-5553 au cours des séquences de déformations dans les domaines et. La détermination expérimentale de la rhéologie à chaud de l’alliage Ti-5553 a été réalisée d’une part au moyen d’essais de compression uniaxiale dans les domaines biphasé et monophasé, ce qui a permis d’identifier une loi de comportement du matériau dans le domaine pour les deux états "billette" et "pièce forgée", de décrire le comportement rhéologique du Ti-5553 dans les domaines de température, de vitesse et de déformation comprises respectivement entre 720 et 990 °C ; 0,001 et 1 s–1 ; 0,1 et 1,2. C’est ainsi qu’un modèle rhéologique a été proposé, basé sur la Loi de Hansel et Spittle qui prend en compte l’évolution de la contrainte d’écoulement du matériau en fonction de la vitesse de déformation et de la température.Par ailleurs, les analyses microstructurales réalisées en microscopie optique, aux rayon X, au MEB et en EBSD ont permis de caractériser les tailles des grains  et , des textures des états initiaux et de déformés, et de mettre en évidence un phénomène de précipitation dynamique de la phase . / Ti-5553 alloy used for landing gear manufacturing has a complex thermomechanical diagram during hot working process which consists of successive forging steps in the single phase β and the two phase α+β regions. For this purpose, in order to optimize theTi-5553 forging process in Messier-Bugatti-Dowty Company, significant development of knowledge of rheology and the microstructural evolution during thermomechanical processing is necessary. The aims of this work are: i) to find out experimentally the rheology, ii) to model the mechanical behavior, and iii) to characterize the microstructural changes during different strain sequences in theα+β and β regions.Uniaxial compression tests were carried out in order to determine the rheology of the Ti-5553 alloy in the single and the two-phase region. The latter provide the behavior of the alloy in the two initial states, “billet” and “as forget”. This information was used to determine the rheological behavior of the material in the temperature range 720 to 990 ˚C, strain rate range 0.001 to 1 s-1 and strains in the range 0.1 to 1.2. A rheological model of the material behavior based on Hansel-Spittle equations was proposed which takes into account the dependence of the flow behavior of the material with strain rate and temperature.Moreover, characterisation methods such as optical, scanning electron microscopies, X-rays and EBSD analyses were used to examine the microstructures in the initial state (undeformed) and the deformed material. These techniques allowed the measurement of alpha and beta grain sizes as well as the texture of the material at different conditions (undeformed and deformed material). The results also indicated that a dynamic α-phase precipitation phenomenon in the material can take place during the hot working process.

Nous avons étudié les phénomènes convectifs et leur interaction dynamique avec la formation des microstructures pendant la solidification dirigée d’alliages étalliquesbinaires.La méthode post-mortem a été utilisée d’abord pour étudier la Transition olonnaire-Equiaxe pendant la solidification dirigée d’échantillons cylindriques d’Al-3,5wt%Ni non affiné sous la Technique de Rotation Accélérée de Creuset. La simulation numérique a été éffectuée et acquérie les résultats en concordance avec les manipulations.La technique in-situ a été appliquée pour comprendre l’évolution en fonction de temps des grains pendant solidification d’Al-4wt%Cu. La caractéstiques tatistiques des grains ont été discutées.La convection d’instabilité déclenchée par la poussée ou la tension superfaciale sous les gradients thermiques verticale et horizontale dans un système de double couches liquide-zone poreuse ont réspectivement étudié par analysis d’instabilité linéaire.L’inhomogénéité de la perméabilité de zone pateuse dendritique a été tenue en compte afin de comprendre son influence sur le début de convection pendant la solidification dirigée d’Al-3,5wt%Li. / We studied the convective phenomena and their dynamical interaction with the formation of the microstructurs during directional solidification of binary metallic alloys.The post-mortem method was used first to study the Columnar-Equiaxed-Transition during the directional solidification of unrefined Al-3.5wt%Ni in cylindric samples under the Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique. The numerical imulation was carried out and achieved the results in agreement with experiments.The in-situ technique was applied to understand the evolution of equiaxed grains during solidification of Al-4wt%Cu in function of time. The statistical characteristics of equiaxed grains were discussed.The buoyancy-driven and surface-tension-driven instability convection under vertical and horizontal thermal gradients in a liquid-porous double-layered system were respectively investigated through linear instability analysis.The inhomogeneity of the dendritic mush permeability was taken into account in order to understand its influence on the triggering of convection during the directional solidification of Al-3.5wt%Li.

Les matériaux pouzzolaniques sont utilisés depuis longtemps comme charge minérale dans le béton pour atteindre des avantages économiques ou techniques. Parmi ces matériaux, on rencontre la fumée de silice (FS) qui améliore les propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité des bétons. Néanmoins ce matériau présente des inconvénients tels que coûts élevés et approvisionnements irréguliers de la FS. En raison de l’évolution de la science et de la technologie des nanos, diverses formes de silice amorphe nanométrique sont devenues disponibles. Et c’est dans cette perspective que le choix de notre étude s’est porté sur les nanopoudres de verre (SGP) obtenues par sphéroïdisation du verre recyclé qui leur confère une surface spécifique plus élevée par rapport aux matériaux à l’échelle micrométrique et leur procure une plus grande réactivité pouzzolanique et un effet nano filler. Il est connu que les charges minérales sous forme de fines poudres créent des agglomérats. Pour contrer ce phénomène d’agglomération, objet de notre étude, des modifications de la surface des SGP ont été réalisées par attaque à l’acide sulfurique et greffage au polyéthylène glycol (PEG). Nos travaux ont porté dans un premier temps sur la caractérisation des SGP, SGP-acidifiées (SGP-A) et SGP-Pégylinisées (SGP-P) et dans un deuxième temps, sur l’exploitation des effets des SGP, SGP-A et SGP-P sur l’hydratation du ciment et leurs comparaisons aux résultats obtenus par l’incorporation de FS. Les études sur coulis nous ont permis de déterminer l’évolution de leur étalement en fonction du mode d’incorporation (addition ou remplacement), du type d’ajouts et aussi d’évaluer leurs demandes en eau et en superplastifiants. Les essais sur pâtes ont permis d’examiner leurs vitesses d’hydratation, déterminer la chaleur dégagée lors de cette hydratation et suivre l’activité pouzzolanique des ajouts cimentaires en mesurant la portlandite résiduelle. Les essais sur mortiers et bétons ont permis de déterminer l’effet des différents ajouts sur les propriétés aux états frais et durci. Les résultats expérimentaux de notre étude révèlent que : L’effet dispersant du superplastifiant PNS sur les nanopoudres de verre est meilleur que celui du PC. Les traitements chimiques des surfaces des nanopoudres de verre, contribuent à leurs défloculations. Les nanopoudres de verre améliorent la fluidité des systèmes cimentaires étudiés comparativement à celle de la fumée de silice même en absence de superplastifiant. L’addition des nanopoudres de verre est bénéfique pour l’accélération de l’hydratation du ciment par rapport à celle de la fumée de silice. À jeune âge, le remplacement du ciment par 10% en nanopoudres de verre accélère la réactivité pouzzolanique comparée à celle de la fumée de silice et du contrôle, mais à âge plus avancé les nanopoudres de verre ont une activité pouzzolanique lente. Les nanopoudres de verre en présence de superplastifiant PNS développent des résistances en compression supérieures à celle de la fumée de silice à jeune âge.

Harnessing solar energy has become a promising clean and renewable energy source alternative to fossil fuels since the development of low-cost dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and organic photovoltaic solar cell devices. Their power-conversion efficiencies, below 13% and 9% respectively, still limit the economic viability of these technologies. The geometry and optical properties of photonic crystals can be used to improve the absorption and charge collection efficiencies of these devices. This thesis describes the fabrication of TiO2 DSSC and ZnO-polymer solar cell devices based on a three-dimensional photonic crystal structure. Photonic crystal polymer structures were produced by holographic lithography and thermally stabilized in order to be used as templates for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of various metal oxides. For this purpose, an ALD apparatus was built and ALD processes for the growth of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, ZnO:Al, and Zr3N4 were established and deposited on photonic crystal templates. After ALD, the template was removed by calcination at 500°C, at which ZnO:Al films lost their conductivity of 250 S/cm preventing their use as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrodes. The produced 90 nm TiO2 photonic crystal shell DSSC and TiO2 inverse replica devices based on the dye N-719 and iodine/iodide redox electrolyte provided power-conversion efficiencies of 0.9% and 0.49% respectively and their diffusion lengths were 2× and 3× longer than that of a nanocrystalline reference device respectively. ZnO-polymer devices, comprising a P3HT layer as absorber and PEDOT:PSS film as hole-transporter, were also investigated.

L'objectif principal était de développer un outil de formulation dédié à l'inertage des déchets par des liants minéraux (laitiers, fondus, portland..) pour un stockage en décharge classée ou pour valorisation sous la forme d'Eco-matériaux. Deux voies de recherches se sont déroulées en parallèle, d'une part la caractérisation multi-échelles du 'composite liant/déchet' pour qualifier l'efficacité de l'inertage,d'autre part, la mesure des propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques du 'composite liant/déchet' pour mieux cibler son domaine d'emploi. Il est apparu rapidement que pour fonder l'outil de formulation, une description fine du réseau poreux obtenu (diamètre et connectivité des capillaires, distribution de taille et morphologie des pores) associée à une étude des microstructures formées seraient impératives. Pour ce faire des expériences multi-échelles à caractère novateur ont été mises en place (ICP-OES couplée avec de la conductimètrie, cartographie MEB) et appliquées à 8 couples liant/ polluant. Elles ont confirmé une intégration des polluants sous diverses formes microstructurales dans de nouveaux composés Pour mieux prédire les cinétiques de rejet, dans le cadre d'une mise en décharge, les lois classiques de diffusion ont été revisitées sur une période d'étude de [3min-24mois] et les coefficients de diffusion de Fick ont été calculés globalement ou par partie.

Quartzite samples taken in the east part of Krkonoše-Jizera Massif belong to metasedimentary cover of paraautochtonous unit. Rocks underwent a polyphase deformation which established a strong shape preffered orientation (SPO) of quartz grains. In folded quartz veins, deformation overprint mechanisms and microstructure, CPO and SPO relations were studied. For determination of crystal preffered orientations (CPO) the method of computer integrated polarization microscopy (CIP) was used. Microstructural analysis was focused on grain sizes, aspect ratios, long axis orientations and their relation to the deformation overprint grade. Results implies that dominant mechanism of quartz grain recrystallization is grain boundary migration. Folds were created by simple shear in microscale. The deformation overprint grade is strongest in the top of the fold hinge, where grains achieve highest aspect ratios and sizes. In the lower parts of the fold hinge the original CPO is preserved in small grains and SPO has similar orientation to original CPO. During folding CPO and SPO rotated with shear direction in dependance on deformation overprint grade.

Fabrics and geodynamic evolution of Moldanubian orthogneisses English abstract The aim of this paper is a structural analysis of selected mostly Cambro-Ordovician orthogneisses cropping out in a part of high-grade rocks of western Moldanubian Zone. These rocks have been affected by HT-MP/LP metamorphism and the polyphase deformation during the Variscan orogeny. In the blaník orthogneisses, (Qtz + Kfs + Plg + Bt ± Ms ± Sill ± Ky) an early deformation banding dips steeply to SSE to ESE. These fabrics were overprinted by NW to N gently dipping foliation with well developed stretching lineations plunging to W. Rare kinematic indicators (e. g. fold and pressure shadows asymmetry) reveal a strong subvertical contraction and stretching in the ~N-S direction. Based on the microstructural analysis this contractional event was connected with the activity of "Grain Boundary Migration Recrystallization" (GBM). Ductile shear zones dipping to E, locally ESE or ENE were identified. Bechyně orthogneisses (Qtz + Kfs + Plg + Bt ± Ms) is a N-S elongated body with the presence of regional pervasive metamorphic foliation dipping homogenously under low angles from SSW to WNW . These foliations bear well developed mineral or stretching lineation of quartz, biotite and feldspar aggregates plunging to ~SW. In the blaník orthogneiss...

Cette thèse part du constat selon lequel, malgré le développement important du secteur de la microfinance ces deux dernières décennies, sa performance auprès des pauvres reste faible, notamment en Afrique. Malgré son essor, il y existe une multiplicité d’acteurs de petite taille, ayant des portefeuilles de produits financiers relativement peu diversifiés et adaptés au financement des activités génératrices de revenu des populations à situation précaire et des ménages pauvres. De plus, les profits réalisés restent faibles, limités et les capacités d’autofinancement sont instables et limitées. La solution à ces différentes sources d’inefficacité nous semble résider dans le choix de l’option de la consolidation du secteur de la microfinance africaine.Cette thèse s’intéresse donc à la consolidation de l’industrie de la microfinance, avec comme principal but, l’amélioration de l’inclusion financière des pauvres. On admet que la consolidation peut améliorer les performances des institutions de microfinance, et contribuer efficacement à réduire le taux de pauvreté. Notre travail s’inscrit au cœur du débat initié entre l’approche « welfariste », et l’approche « institutionnaliste » de la microfinance, et démontre que non seulement l’atteinte du double objectif à savoir, l’obtention de la soutenabilité financière et l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations pauvres, est possible, mais aussi que son impact n’est finalement pas une illusion.Pour illustrer cet objectif, nous avons tout d’abord examiné le secteur de la microfinance en identifiant les motifs de la consolidation (Première Partie). Puis nous avons développé et évalué les formes de consolidation en microfinance (Deuxième Partie). Cette étude s’est principalement inspirée des leçons relatives à la consolidation des secteurs bancaires américain, européen, et africain. L’examen des motifs de la consolidation en microfinance porte essentiellement sur les questions de la segmentation de l’offre, de la formation des microstructures de marchés, des performances limitées du secteur de la microfinance. L’analyse des formes consolidation s’intéresse à l’évaluation comparative de l’efficacité des IMF, à la présentation de l’approche « fédérale des caisses coopératives », et de l’approche commerciale des IMF en vue de leur transition au statut de banque de microfinance.Ces différentes formes de consolidation des IMF assurent la mise en place et le développement des institutions de grande taille, qui réduiront le taux d’exclusion financière et produiront probablement des effets positifs sur la croissance économique, et le niveau de vie des agents économiques. / Starting from the observation that despite the important development of the microfinance sector over the past two decades, its performance with the poor remains low. In spite of its growth, there is a very large number of small actors, with portfolios of financial products slightly diversified and adapted to the financing income-generating activities of the populations, widely posited under the poverty line. In addition, the profits remain weak, limited and the capacity of self-financing remains precarious. We try to show that these limits can be reversed in the context of financial consolidation.Our main interest relies on the consolidation of the industry of microfinance, with the main goal of improving financial inclusion for the poors. We admit that the financial consolidation can improve the performance of microfinance institutions, and contribute effectively to reduce the poverty rate. Our work fits in the heart of the debate between the "welfarist" approach and the "institutionalist" approach of microfinance, and demonstrates that not only achieving the double objective namely, obtaining financial sustainability and the improvement of the living conditions of the poors, is possible, but also that its impact is ultimately not an illusion.Hence we first examine the microfinance sector by identifying the various motives of financial consolidation. Then we develop and evaluate patterns of consolidation in microfinance. This study is primarily inspired by the literature on the banking consolidation in United Stated, Europe, and Africa.The exam of the financial consolidation motives evidences the large on the segmentation of supply, the formation of market microstructures, and the bounded performance. The development of consolidation models aims to benchmark the MFI’S efficiency, by presenting the “Federal cooperative unions” approach, "downscaling" and "upscaling" approaches of microfinance banks.These models of MFI’S development ensure the establishment and the development of large institutions, which will certainly in the future reduce the rate of financial exclusion and produce positive effects on economic growth, and on the quality of life of private agents.

Neste trabalho, demonstramos a fabricação de microambientes tridimensionais para investigar o crescimento celular. Inicialmente, desenvolvemos um sistema de microfabricação que utiliza fotopolimerização via absorção de dois fótons, com o qual se pode fabricar um conjunto de microestruturas com formas e espaçamentos pré-determinados. Este sistema de fabricação utiliza pulsos de femtossegundos, provenientes de um laser de Ti:safira operando em 790 nm. A intensidade destes pulsos é alta o bastante para induzir a absorção de dois fótons no fotoiniciador, o qual é responsável por promover a polimerização em uma resina acrílica. A natureza não linear da absorção de dois fótons confina a excitação ao volume focal, permitindo a fabricação de estruturas tridimensionais com alta resolução espacial. Para a obtenção dos microambientes, foi necessário o desenvolvimento de um sistema opto-mecânico de movimentação, tanto do feixe quando do substrato da amostra. Com esta técnica, fabricamos microambientes compostos de estruturas com diferentes formas (paralelepípedos, cilindros e cones) e espaçamentos, os quais foram caracterizados através de microscopia óptica e eletrônica. Para demonstrar a viabilidade destes microambientes para a investigação do crescimento celular, estes foram utilizados para monitorar o desenvolvimento da célula Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), uma linhagem celular de adenocarcinoma de mama que apresenta fenótipo tumoral amplamente utilizada como modelo de estudo para câncer de mama. Observamos, via microscopia óptica de transmissão e fluorescência, o desenvolvimento das células MCF-7 nos distintos microambientes. Nossos resultados indicam uma melhor aderência e, portanto, desenvolvimento celular nas microestruturas cilíndricas. Observamos ainda uma maior densidade de células nos microambientes com estruturas separadas de 12 µm, a qual diminui com o aumento do espaçamento, de tal forma que para o microambiente com 30 µm, por exemplo, poucas células são observadas. Portanto, nossos resultados demonstram que os microambientes desenvolvidos são viáveis para estudos mais aprofundados em biologia celular, com potenciais aplicações em engenharia de tecido. / In this work we have demonstrated the fabrication of tridimensional microenvironments for the investigation of cell growth. Initially we have developed a two-photon absorption photopolymerization microfabrication system, which allows producing a set of microstructures with predetermined forms and spacing. This fabrication system uses femtosecond pulses from a Ti: sapphire laser operating at 790 nm. These pulses are intense enough to induce two-photon absorption by the photoinitiator, that is responsible for promoting the polymerization in an acrylic resin. The nonlinear nature of the two-photon absorption confines the excitation to the focal volume, allowing the fabrication of tridimensional structures with high spatial resolution. In order to obtain the microenvironments, it was necessary to develop a movement system for both the laser beam and the sample substrate. With this technique we have fabricated microenvironments composed by structures with different geometries (parallelepipeds, cylinders and cones) and spacing, which were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopes. To demonstrate the feasibility of the microenvironments for the investigation of cell growth, the samples were used to monitor de development of the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cell (MCF-7), a lineage of breast adenocarcinoma that has a tumoral phenotype and is highly used as a model in breast cancer studies. We have observed, through conventional optical and fluorescence microscopy, the growth of the MCF-7 cells in the various microenvironments. Our results indicate a better adhesion and, therefore, better development of cells on the cylindrical microstructures. We also observe a higher cell density in the microenvironments with microstructures having a spacing of 12 µm, which reduces as the distance between microstructures increases, in such a way that for the microenvironment with 30 µm spacing, for example, just a few cells are observed. Thus, our results demonstrate that the produced microenvironments are applicable in deeper studies in microbiology, with potential application in tissue engineering.

O desenvolvimento da fotônica integrada vem recebendo muita atenção nos últimos anos. Sua alta funcionalidade e velocidade de transmissão de sinais possibilitam a aplicação em diversas áreas, que vão desde comunicações até biologia. O uso de polímeros em circuitos fotônicos integrados tem se mostrado interessante, pois compostos orgânicos podem ser facilmente incorporados a matrizes poliméricas. Isso faz com que as propriedades físicas do polímero possam ser modificadas de acordo com os materiais incorporados. Além disso, a técnica da fotopolimerização por absorção de dois fótons torna possível a produção de microestruturas poliméricas tridimensionais com alta resolução. A incorporação dessas microestruturas a circuitos fotônicos pode trazer um novo ramo de funcionalidades devido à facilidade de modificação das propriedades dos polímeros. Além disso, a tridimensionalidade das estruturas permite a realização de conexões ópticas em três dimensões, o que colabora para o aumento da compacticidade dos dispositivos fotônicos. No entanto, para que estas microestruturas possam ser efetivamente incorporadas aos circuitos fotônicos é necessário desenvolver formas de conectá-las a fontes externas de excitação, bem como a instrumentos de análise de sinais. Os tapers de fibras ópticas, também conhecidos como microfibras ou nanofibras, são bons candidatos para realizar essa tarefa devido a suas dimensões reduzidas, as quais são compatíveis com o tamanho das microestruturas. Neste trabalho desenvolvemos métodos para realizar a conexão óptica entre microestruturas poliméricas e tapers de fibras ópticas. As microestruturas foram produzidas através da técnica de fotopolimerização por absorção de dois fótons e corantes orgânicos foram incorporados à matriz polimérica para conferir propriedades fluorescentes às estruturas. Os tapers foram produzidos a partir de fibras ópticas convencionais por uma técnica de aquecimento e estiramento. Para realizar a conexão óptica, dois métodos foram desenvolvidos. No primeiro deles as microestruturas foram excitadas através de uma lente objetiva e sua emisão foi coletada por um taper. No segundo método, tanto a excitação quanto a coleta foram realizadas por tapers de fibras ópticas. Em ambos os casos as fibras foram posicionadas através de micromanipuladores. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os tapers são ferramentas adequadas para realizar tanto a excitação quando a coleta da emissão de microestruturas, pois permitem excitação individual e coleta localizada. Produzimos microestruturas com múltiplas dopagens e pudemos concluir que a excitação localizada de diferentes partes da estrutura, bem como a correta escolha do comprimento de onda de excitação, são mecanismos que levam a alterações no espectro de emissão, o que torna estas estruturas candidatas a fontes de luz sintonizáveis que podem ser incorporadas a dispositivos on-chip. Por fim, desenvolvemos um método de produção de microestruturas conectadas a tapers. Este trabalho abre caminho para a incorporação de microestruturas poliméricas a circuitos fotônicos e demonstra que tapers de fibras ópticas são ferramentas eficientes para a realização de microconexões ópticas. / The development of integrated photonics has received a great deal of attention in the last few years. Its high functionality and signal transmission speed allow applications in several fields, from telecommunications to biology. The use of polymeric platforms in integrated photonic circuits is interesting because organic compounds can be easily incorporated to polymeric matrixes, which makes it easy to change the physical properties of the polymer according to the embed materials. Furthermore, the two-photon polymerization technique allows the production of three-dimensional polymeric microstructures with high resolution. The incorporation of these microstructures to photonic circuits paves the way for a new field of funcionalities due to the ease of modification of the polymers properties. Besides that, the structures three-dimensionality allows the performance of optical connections in three dimensions, which can improve the compacticity of the photonic devices. However, for the effective incorporation of these microstructures to photonic circuits, it is necessary to develop ways to connect them to external excitation sources, as well as analysis instruments. Optical fiber tapers, also known as microfibers or nanofibers, are good candidates for this task due to their reduced dimensions that are compatible with the size of the microstructures. In this work we developed methods for the performance of optical connections of polymeric microstructures through fiber tapers. The microstrutures were produced through the two-photon polymerization technique and organic dyes were incorporated to the polymeric matrix in order to introduce fluorescent properties. The fiber tapers were produced from conventional optical fibers through a heat-and-draw approach. To perform the optical connections, two methods were developed. In the first one, the microestructures were excited through a microscope objective and emission collection was performed by a fiber taper. In the second approach, excitation and collection were performed by fiber tapers. In both methods, the tapers were set up by micromanipulators. The obtained results indicate that tapers are a suitable tool to perform optical excitation and emission collection in microstructures, as they allow individual excitation and localized collection. Multiple doped microstructures were produced and we could imply that the localized excitation of different parts of the structures, as well as the correct choice of the excitation wavelength, are tools that lead to changes in the emission spectrum, which makes these structures candidates to tunable light sources that can be incorporated to on-chip devices. At last, we developed a method for the production of microstructures connected to fiber tapers. This work paves the way for the incorporation of polymeric microstructures to photonics circuits and demonstrates that fiber tapers are efficient tools to perform optical microconnections.