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在过去的半个世纪中，戶口（戶籍）制度是影响人们生活机会最重要的社会制度之一，对于能否获得良好的就业机会、医疗、住房，甚至子女教育都是至关重要的决定因素。因此，从农业戶口转为城镇戶口，是一种非常有效的社会上向流动的途径。然而，由于缺乏数据，以往的研究未能评估亲属关系在戶口转换中的作用。依据2008年中国综合社会调查，本文重点考察亲属关系在戶口转换中的作用，将“农转非过程中的亲属关系划分为配偶关系和亲子关系，并考察谁更可能使用这些关系。本研究采用离散时间竞争风险模型，主要探讨家庭出身、教育程度和性别是如何影响不同类型的亲属关系的使用。实证研究结果表明：（1）亲属关系在戶口转换中起到最为重要的角色;（2）父亲的教育和工作单位性质对于采用亲属关系实现戶口转换有很大推动作用，而这主要是通过先让父亲自己得到城镇戶口而实现的;（3）控制了家庭出身后，高中教育对于使用配偶关系有促进作用，主要采用这种关系的是女性，而高职和大学教育则不会影响亲属关系的使用，因为它们本身就是合法的戶口转换渠道;（4）农村妇女更可能通过嫁给一个城镇男性，来获得戶口转换的机会，而大部分的男性则主要通过参军、教育或职业渠道来获得戶口转换;（5）本文还将采用这一性别差异的框架来解决以往戶口转换研究中的一个难题。 / Over the last half century, household registration (hukou) system is perhaps the most important determinants of people’s life chances, access to good jobs, health care, housing and even education for one’s children. Therefore, transforming one’s hukou status from rural to urban is a very effective path to upward social mobility. However, for lack of appropriate data, previous studies have failed to evaluate the role of familial ties in hukou mobility. Drawing on the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey, this paper emphasizes the role of familial ties in hukou mobility, infers from multiple survey questions the important distinction between channels of hukou conversion based on spousal tie and parent-child tie, and examines who are more or less likely to use spousal and parent-child tie. Using the discrete-time competing-risk hazard rate model, this study specifically examines how family origin, educational attainment and gender affect the access to different types of familial-tie-based channels. Empirical findings show that: (1) familial ties play a prominent role in hukou conversion; (2) father’s education and employment at a state work unit facilitate the use of familial ties to achieve hukou conversion, but evidently all due to father’s own attainment of urban hukou in advance; (3) net of the effect of family origin, senior high school education promotes the use of spousal tie, mainly by women, whereas neither vocational school nor college education has significant effects on the use of familial ties, because they are both de jure channels of hukou conversion; (4) rural women are more likely to use marriage to an urban man as a channel for hukou conversion, with signs of status exchange, whereas the majority of men use military, education or employment channels for hukou conversion; (5) the gender-specific framework is then applied to resolve a puzzle of hukou conversion reported in prior literature. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Xiang, Jun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-47). / Abstracts also in Chinese.

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A growing number of nonmetropolitan communities have chosen to pursue nontraditional avenues for economic development including the promotion of the nonmetropolitan area to older adults who may choose to migrate after retirement. The purpose of this study was to help community leaders in nonmetropolitan areas make informed decisions if they choose to revitalize their town through the aid of immigration and retention of retirees, by knowing what infrastructure to plan for based on the neighborhood, housing, and support service preferences of future nonmetropolitan retirees. This prospective study compared two populations: preretirees who planned to migrate to nonmetropolitan areas during the first 10 years of retirement and preretirees who planned to age in place in nonmetropolitan areas upon retirement by (1) age integrated/ age segregated neighborhood preference; (2) housing tenure and structure preference; (3) support service preference of a hospital and/or family members; and (4) the socio-demographic variables of marital status, health status, current income level, and number of sources of retirement income. An age stratified random sample of preretirees from two states (N=1,175), Oregon and Utah, was included in the study. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and chi-square and one t-test to test nine null hypotheses. Migrant respondents differed in their preference for neighborhoods with older residents (p=.00000), preference to rent (p=.00002), and tendency to feel that family in the community was important (p=.00031). Migrants differed significantly in their marital status (p=.01292), in that more were unmarried. With regard to health status (p=.02752), more age in place reported excellent and fair/poor health as opposed to migrants' very good and good health. Nonmetropolitan community leaders interested in economic revitalization through the attraction of and retention of elderly retirees may want to consider including in their community the following: housing that tends to be more age segregated than age integrated, single family dwellings that can be rented, a hospital, and formal support services that may be needed if the informal support of family and friends is not available. / Graduation date: 1995

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-179). Also available on the Internet.

Inaug.-diss.--Berlin, 1912. / Cover title. Lebenslauf. "Text und kuzer Auszug aus den Tafeln des Anhanges." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 92 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Social Studies (Netherlands). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 331-350).

published_or_final_version / Humanities and Social Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy