<p>Dematerialiseringen av konsten är inget nytt fenomen, den har pågått länge. Under konceptkonsten ansåg många att konsten är en idé och tankeprocess som inte alltid behöver materialiseras. I samtidskonsten är verken allt oftare virtuella eller relationella och nomadism och impermanens betraktas som progressiva egenskaper. Dematerialiseringen av konsten är parallell med annan dematerialiserande samhällsutveckling och immateriell form utvecklas på internet och i virtuella världar. </p><p>Konstens dematerialising för med sig förändrade konstnärsroller. Det handlar inte längre om att skapa konstobjekt utan om att ställa frågor och finna nya kontexter för konsten. Konstnären agerar som kritiker, nomad, curator, etnograf, sociolog och virtuell kreatör. </p><p>Verk som exemplifierar konstens dematerialisering diskuteras i uppsatsen liksom de konsekvenser verkens genomförande får. Teorier om hur konstinstitutionerna kan komma att se ut i framtiden och hur den dematerialiserade konsten kan kategoriseras, återskapas och presenteras för kommande generationer behandlas.</p><p>Konstens utveckling hänger samman med det politiska och sociala klimat som råder i samhället. Konsten försöker stå fri men även de mest radikala konstformer fångas upp och integreras i institutioner som tar över och normaliserar dem.</p>

<p>Mitt examensarbete har gjorts i samarbete med Skrufs Glasbruk som är ett familjeföretag beläget i Småland. Skrufs Glasbruk står för klarglas, enkelt formspråk som görs på traditionellt sätt och inriktar sig på vardagliga bruks­föremål.</p><p>Uppdraget gick ut på att formge en glasartefakt till hemmiljö, en värmeljus­lykta eller lampa, som ska passa in i Skrufs sortiment. Syftet har varit att öka förståelsen för samarbetet mellan mig som designer och min uppdragsgivare. Målet var att utveckla min kompetens inom glastillverkning i kombination med ljuset.</p><p>Som utgångspunkt i mitt arbete har observationer och intervjuer gjorts samt ljustester löpande under hela projektet. I min designprocess har fokus legat på formarbetet och ITK (identity tool kit). Tillsammans med formkoncept och funktionsanalys har mitt projektarbete formulerats.</p><p>Med nyckelord som enkel, tidlös, dekorativ samt funktionell har jag arbetat fram värmeljuslyktor och lampor i glas. Vackra <em>Ting</em>, stämningsljus som inb­juder till gemenskap, värme och tid för reflektion.</p>

Dematerialiseringen av konsten är inget nytt fenomen, den har pågått länge. Under konceptkonsten ansåg många att konsten är en idé och tankeprocess som inte alltid behöver materialiseras. I samtidskonsten är verken allt oftare virtuella eller relationella och nomadism och impermanens betraktas som progressiva egenskaper. Dematerialiseringen av konsten är parallell med annan dematerialiserande samhällsutveckling och immateriell form utvecklas på internet och i virtuella världar. Konstens dematerialising för med sig förändrade konstnärsroller. Det handlar inte längre om att skapa konstobjekt utan om att ställa frågor och finna nya kontexter för konsten. Konstnären agerar som kritiker, nomad, curator, etnograf, sociolog och virtuell kreatör. Verk som exemplifierar konstens dematerialisering diskuteras i uppsatsen liksom de konsekvenser verkens genomförande får. Teorier om hur konstinstitutionerna kan komma att se ut i framtiden och hur den dematerialiserade konsten kan kategoriseras, återskapas och presenteras för kommande generationer behandlas. Konstens utveckling hänger samman med det politiska och sociala klimat som råder i samhället. Konsten försöker stå fri men även de mest radikala konstformer fångas upp och integreras i institutioner som tar över och normaliserar dem.

The present thesis addresses the issue as to why the double object construction (e.g., John gave Mary a book) seems to appear in certain languages but not in others. This construction has received much attention in past research in formal linguistics and has played a central role in developing our understanding of the internal structure of the VP. Previous studies generally define the construction with respect to relative linear order of the object complements of the verb and the lack of morphological markings on these objects. We show that these properties are not inherent to the construction and that consequently, the construction exists in a wider variety of languages than previously assumed, particularly French. Along the lines of Goldberg (1995, 2006), we develop a universal semantic definition of the construction, which may be used as a diagnostic to test, systematically and categorically, its presence across languages. In particular, we identify the double object construction in French as, for example, Jean a donné le livre à Marie. We then explain the cross-linguistic structural differences with a Case-driven approach. Specifically, we argue that the inherent dative Case, present in French but not in English, is responsible for the structural differences recognized between the languages. By adopting a minimalist derivation of argument structure (Chomsky 1995, 2000, 2004) and the applicative analysis (Pylkkänen 2002), we are able to determine the syntax of the construction, while eliminating the redundancies and limitations of previous accounts. We present certain resulting predictions related to the grammar, including a generalisation of Case-checking by the low applicative phrase, a syntactic position related to the direct object properties, and universal properties of the construction itself. In all, this thesis offers empirical evidence for the universality of the double object construction and Case-driven syntactic derivation.

The present thesis addresses the issue as to why the double object construction (e.g., John gave Mary a book) seems to appear in certain languages but not in others. This construction has received much attention in past research in formal linguistics and has played a central role in developing our understanding of the internal structure of the VP. Previous studies generally define the construction with respect to relative linear order of the object complements of the verb and the lack of morphological markings on these objects. We show that these properties are not inherent to the construction and that consequently, the construction exists in a wider variety of languages than previously assumed, particularly French. Along the lines of Goldberg (1995, 2006), we develop a universal semantic definition of the construction, which may be used as a diagnostic to test, systematically and categorically, its presence across languages. In particular, we identify the double object construction in French as, for example, Jean a donné le livre à Marie. We then explain the cross-linguistic structural differences with a Case-driven approach. Specifically, we argue that the inherent dative Case, present in French but not in English, is responsible for the structural differences recognized between the languages. By adopting a minimalist derivation of argument structure (Chomsky 1995, 2000, 2004) and the applicative analysis (Pylkkänen 2002), we are able to determine the syntax of the construction, while eliminating the redundancies and limitations of previous accounts. We present certain resulting predictions related to the grammar, including a generalisation of Case-checking by the low applicative phrase, a syntactic position related to the direct object properties, and universal properties of the construction itself. In all, this thesis offers empirical evidence for the universality of the double object construction and Case-driven syntactic derivation.

Mitt examensarbete har gjorts i samarbete med Skrufs Glasbruk som är ett familjeföretag beläget i Småland. Skrufs Glasbruk står för klarglas, enkelt formspråk som görs på traditionellt sätt och inriktar sig på vardagliga bruks­föremål. Uppdraget gick ut på att formge en glasartefakt till hemmiljö, en värmeljus­lykta eller lampa, som ska passa in i Skrufs sortiment. Syftet har varit att öka förståelsen för samarbetet mellan mig som designer och min uppdragsgivare. Målet var att utveckla min kompetens inom glastillverkning i kombination med ljuset. Som utgångspunkt i mitt arbete har observationer och intervjuer gjorts samt ljustester löpande under hela projektet. I min designprocess har fokus legat på formarbetet och ITK (identity tool kit). Tillsammans med formkoncept och funktionsanalys har mitt projektarbete formulerats. Med nyckelord som enkel, tidlös, dekorativ samt funktionell har jag arbetat fram värmeljuslyktor och lampor i glas. Vackra Ting, stämningsljus som inb­juder till gemenskap, värme och tid för reflektion.

This thesis addresses the problem of the analysis of knowledge. The persistent failure of analyses of knowledge in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions is used to motivate exploring alternative approaches to the analytical problem. In parallel to a similar development in the theory of truth, in which the persistent failure to provide a satisfactory answer to the question as to what the nature of truth is has led to the exploration of deflationary and minimalist approaches to the theory of truth, the prospects for deflationary and minimalist approaches to the theory of knowledge are investigated. While it is argued that deflationary approaches are ultimately unsatisfactory, a minimalist approach to epistemology, which characterises the concept of knowledge by a set of platitudes about knowledge, is defended. The first version of a minimalist framework for the theory of knowledge is developed. Two more substantive developments of the minimalist framework are discussed. In the first development a safety condition on knowledge is derived from the minimalist framework. Problems for this development are discussed and solved. In the second development, an ability condition is derived from the minimalist framework. Reason is provided to believe that, arguably, the ability condition can avoid the problems that beset traditional analyses of knowledge. It is also shown that even if this argument fails, minimalist approaches to epistemology may serve to provide a functional definition of knowledge. Reason is thus provided to believe that minimalist approaches to epistemology can make progress towards addressing the problem of the analysis of knowledge.

This thesis examines the extent to which the 1960s process art strand of post-Minimalism can provide an analytical template for critical writing around contemporary ceramic art. A dearth of critical writing is an acknowledged problem in all types of ceramics practice and some of the reasons for this situation will be explored. In the past decade frequent calls have been made by artists, critics, academics, and curators for a body of critical writing to underpin contemporary work and connect with wider cultural debates. During this period, artists have begun to use the process of making the work to form part of the content. Such work has no relationship to traditional studio pottery, and critics have described it as difficult to write about and classify in normative ceramic terms. However, this area of ceramic practice shares characteristics with post-Minimalism, a movement of the 1960s that emphasised the behaviour of materials and the act of making. In The Archaeology of Knowledge the French philosopher Michel Foucault suggests that a new critical language may emerge from the appropriation of other discourses, providing new interpretations for subject areas not yet theoretically mapped out. Foucault’s notions on the formation of discourse are used as a methodological approach to investigate how process-led sculptural ceramics may be articulated by an understanding of post-Minimalist critical writings. A substantial body of critical writing developed around post-Minimalist process art, providing a context for radical new approaches which broke with modernist traditions and which expanded and changed traditional definitions of sculpture. Key post-Minimalist texts are investigated as an analytical template for a new critical discourse for process-led ceramic art. A study of the sculptural ceramics of Richard Deacon and Kosho is undertaken as a means of identifying process-led tendencies and the possibility of a re-conceptualisation from a post-minimalist perspective. An analysis of the role of process within my own practice is used to provide visual evidence of contemporary ceramic work that can be re-conceptualised from a post-Minimalist perspective. After twenty years of stagnant debate in the ceramics field, this research might provide a new critical context for process-led ceramic art. The project shows a way that artists may be empowered to develop a critical literacy in a field that has traditionally lacked a research based approach. It is hoped that it may well encourage other ceramics practitioners to explore new ways of presenting an academic critique of their own area of practice. The contribution to knowledge identifies a new critical context and approach to writing for the process-led area of ceramics practice that is currently described as being difficult to write about, as having no appropriate critical language of its own, and of being difficult to categorise in standard ceramic terms.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DXN095779.

Este trabalho ambiciona compreender a origem e o funcionamento do sistema de prestação de serviços de saúde a todos os brasileiros sem distinção, e, para tanto, esmiúça as origens a partir do qual sua organização se ergueu. São estudadas as formas de federalismo existentes desde o seu surgimento no Estado Moderno, e o desenvolvimento das limitações aos poderes centrais e dos entes federados, com ênfase na maneira sob as quais as responsabilidades foram e são divididas ou compartilhadas, bem assim como a maneira pelas quais suas balizas foram estabelecidas e modificadas no decorrer do tempo. O direito à saúde no Brasil é colocado no centro do debate e as formas como foi exercido, bem assim como as suas deficiências, foram todas observadas durante a investigação do processo que originou a criação de um formato inédito, amplamente respaldado pela participação popular. Esta legitimidade impressa ao que se denomina Direito Sanitário foi de crucial relevância para o enfrentamento do federalismo sob o prisma do direito à saúde, que se denomina atualmente federalismo sanitário, e é referência para a compreensão das políticas públicas que sucederam sua construção e exercício efetivo. A partir daí, foi possível proceder na avaliação da divisão das responsabilidades entre os integrantes do sistema, a forma de efetivação da divisão, sua vinculação estrita ao sistema federativo e aferir sobre a pertinência de que o federalismo sanitário seja reconhecido como a forma de responsabilização compartilhada nos termos em que o sistema único de saúde foi estruturado. Diante da conclusão a que se chegou, são apreciadas as decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Por fim, são avaliadas de modo a que se conclua pela tese construída, que rechaça a responsabilização solidária da forma como compreendida pelo STF, por não se harmonizar com a estrutura federativa estabelecida para cumprimento do dever de assistência à saúde pelo Estado Brasileiro. / This work aims to understand the origin and functioning of the provision of health care system to all Brazilians without distinction, and, therefore, deeply analyzes the sources from which its organization arose. Existing forms of federalism are studied since its emergence in the Modern State, and the development of limitations to the central authorities and federal agencies, emphasizing the way in which the responsibilities were and are divided or shared, as well as the way the that their beacons have been established and modified over time. The entitlement to health in Brazil is placed in the center of the debate and the ways in which it was exercised, as well as its shortcomings were all observed during the investigation of the process that led to the creation of an unprecedented format, widely supported by popular participation. This printed legitimacy to what is called Health Law was of crucial importance to face the federalism through the prism of the right to health, which is now called health federalism, and is a reference to the comprehension of public policies that followed its construction and effective exercise. From there, it was possible to proceed in assessing the division of responsibilities between system integrators, how to effect the division, their strict adherence to the federal system and check on relevance of the health federalism is recognized as a form of shared accountability in terms in the unified health system was structured. Before the conclusion arrived at, they are appreciated judgments given by the Supreme Court. Finally, are evaluated so that it is determined by the built thesis, which rejects the joint accountability of how understood by the Supreme Court, by not harmonize with the federal structure established to comply with the health care obligation by Brazil.