This project is concerned with problems of knowledge discovery in databases, in the concrete then is concerned with an association rules, which are part of the system of data mining. By that way we try to get knowledge which we can´t find directly in the database and which can be useful. There is the description of SQL/MM DM, especially then all user-defined types given by standard for association rules as well as common types which create framework for data mining. Before the description of implementation these types, there is mentioned the instruments which are used for that - programming language PL/SQL and Oracle Data Mining support. The accuracy of implementation is verified by a sample application. In the conclusion, achieved results are evaluated and possible continuation of this work is mentioned.

No description available.

No description available.

[ES] Esta tesis aborda temas de especial interés en el diseño de antenas en la banda de milimétricas. Hui en dia, implementar components passius per a operar en la banda de mil·limètriques i assegurar el contacte i l'alineament metàl·lic apropiat entre peces, resulta un desafiament complex. Habitualment les línies de transmissió i les guies d'ones metàl·liques són les solucions adoptades, però en el primer cas es presenten pèrdues al ser solucions impreses i en el segon cas un mal contacte metàl·lic comporta fugues de camp. Per tant, s'estan explorant nous conceptes que solucionen estos problemes. La tecnología Gap Waveguide (GW) resulta adecuada ya que no requiere de contactos metálicos. En los últimos años han surgido las agrupaciones de antenas basadas en la tecnología Gap Waveguide y son un candidato prometedor para satisfacer algunas de las necesidades mencionadas. La tecnología GW ha demostrado ser atractiva para dispositivos de milimétricas porque permite redes de distribución completamente metálicas de una manera más simple que las guías de onda convencionales. Por tanto, estas redes tienen muy bajas pérdidas pero además son simples de fabricar. Esto es posible gracias a la capacidad de las GW de confinar de forma segura la propagación de ondas electromagnéticas por medio de una estructura que no requiere de contacto. Durante la última década, se han hecho avances importantes en la tecnología GW y en la literatura se pueden encontrar un buen número de antenas basadas en GW. Esta tesis va un paso más allá en la contribución de este tipo de antenas. Aquí, no solo se presentan antenas con polarización lineal, como suelen ser las desarrolladas hasta ahora, sino también con polarización dual, circular y duales en banda. Estas aportaciones son especialmente atractivas dentro del campo de las comunicaciones por satélite en movimiento (SATCOM on-the-move). Además, se han explorado nuevas redes de distribución que permiten antenas planas más compactas, más ligeras. / [CA] Esta tesi aborda temes d'especial interés en el disseny d'antenes en la banda de mil.limètriques. Hui en dia, implementar components passius per a operar en longituds d'onda tan xicotetes (de l'orde de mil.límetres) i assegurar el contacte i l'alineament metàl-lic apropiat entre peces, resulta un desafiament complex. Habitualment les línies de transmissió i les guia d'ones metàl.liques són les solucions adoptades, però en el primer cas es presenten pèrdues al ser solucions impreses i en el segon cas un mal contacte metàl.lic comporta fugues de camp. Per tant, s'estan explorant nous conceptes que solucionen estos problemes. La tecnologia Gap Waveguide (GW) resulta adequada ja que no requerix de contactes metàl.lics. En els últims anys han sorgit les agrupacions d'antena basades en la tecnologia Gap Waveguide i són un candidat prometedor per a satisfer algunes de les necessitats mencionades. La tecnologia GW ha demostrat ser atractiva per a dispositius de banda d'ones mil-limètriques perquè permet xarxes de distribució completament metàl-liques d'una manera més simple que les guies d'onda convencionals. Per tant estes xarxes tenen baixes pèrdues peró, a més, són simples de fabricar. Açò és possible gràcies a la capacitat de les GW de confinar de forma segura la propagació d'ones electromagnètiques per mitjà d'una estructura que no requerix de contacte. Durant l'última dècada, s'han fet avanços importants en la tecnologia GW i en la literatura es poden trobar un bon nombre d'antenes basades en GW. Esta tesi va un pas més enllà en la contribució d'este tipus d'antenes. Ací, no sols es presenten antenes amb polarització lineal com solen ser les desenrotllades fins ara, sinó també antenes amb polarització dual, circular i inclús antenes duals en banda. Estes aportacions són especialment atractives dins del camp de les comunicacions per satèl.lit en moviment (SATCOM on-the-move). A més també s'han explorat noves xarxes de distribució que permeten obtindre antenes planes més compactes, més lleugeres. / [EN] This thesis deals with topics of special interest regarding the design of antennas at the mm-wave band. Today, implementing passive components that operate in the mm-wave band and to ensure the appropriate metallic contact is challenging. Commonly, conventional planar transmission lines and hollow metallic waveguides are the usual solutions but they present high losses or they do not ensure a good metallic contact. So, new concepts must be explored. Gap Waveguides (GWs), result suitably since they do not require metallic contact for shielding. Antenna arrays in Gap Waveguide Technology (GW) emerges as one promising candidate to naturally meet some of the mentioned needs. GW technology has demonstrated to be effective for mm-wave band devices because it enables full-metal distribution networks in a much simpler way than conventional waveguides. Very low distribution losses can be achieved preserving at the same time the assembly simplicity of multilayer microstrip feeding networks. This unique feature is a consequence of gap waveguides ability to safely confine the electromagnetic wave propagation through a contactless structure. During the last decade, there have been important advances in GW technology and a good number of gap waveguide-based arrays can be found in the literature. This thesis goes a step further in the contribution to mm-wave gap waveguide antennas. Here, antennas with linear polarization as well as circular or dual polarization are proposed. Dual band antennas has also been explored. These contributions have been carried out with a focus on satellite communications on-the-move. In addition, new distribution networks have also been explored to obtain more compact, low-profile and lighter antennas. / Ferrando Rocher, M. (2018). Gap Waveguide Array Antennas and Corporate-Feed Networks for mm-Wave band Applications [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/115933

This thesis concerns the study, development and analysis of innovative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven optimization techniques within the System-by-Design (SbD) framework aimed at efficiently addressing the computational complexity inherent in advanced electromagnetic (EM) problems. By leveraging the available a-priori information as well as the proper integration of machine learning (ML) techniques with intelligent exploration strategies, the SbD paradigm enables the effective and reliable solution of the EM problem at hand, with user-defined performance and in a reasonable amount of time. The flexibility of the AI-driven SbD framework is demonstrated in practice with the implementation of two solution strategies to address the fully non-linear inverse scattering problem (ISP) for the detection and imaging of buried objects in ground penetrating radar (GPR)-based applications, and to address the design and optimization of mm-wave automotive radars that comply multiple challenging and contrasting requirements. A comprehensive set of numerical experiments is reported to demonstrate the efficacy and computational efficiency of the SbD-based optimization techniques in solving complex EM problems.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit, wird ein neuartiges Markierungsschema für die Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie vorgestellt, das sogenannte Reduced Adjoining Protonation (RAP) Schema, welches die Protonendetektion sämtlicher Aliphaten erlaubt. Hochaufgelöste, 1H-detektierte 1H,13C Korrelationsspektren wurden erhalten. Des Weiteren wurde der Vorteil von hohen MAS-Frequenzen untersucht. 1H- und 13C-detektierte 3D Zuordnungsexperimente wurden implementiert, welche uns die Zuordnung von 90% aller aliphatischen Resonanzen von alpha-Spektrin SH3 erlaubten. Da die chemische Verschiebung abhängt vom Strukturmotiv, kann sie verwendet werden, um Sekundärstruktur-Informationen abzuleiten. Darüber hinaus wurde ein 1H-detektiertes H(H)CH 3D Experiment entwickelt, um weitreichende 1H,1H Kontakte zu ermitteln, welche für die Bestimmung der Tertiärstruktur genutzt werden können. Um artefaktfreie Relaxationsdaten zu erhalten, wurde das RAP-Markierungsschema modifiziert, um 1H- und 13C-verdünnte Proben zu erhalten, in denen Spindiffusion unterdrückt ist. Für die Untersuchung von Sub-Mikrosekunden-Dynamik werden Experimente vorgestellt zur Bestimmung von 13C T1 Relaxationszeiten und 1H,13C dipolaren Kopplungstensoren für Rückgrat- und Seitenketten-Resonanzen. Des weiteren zeigen wir, dass das RAP-Markierungsschema auf nicht-kristalline Systeme, wie Amyloidfibrillen des Abeta1-40 Peptids der Alzheimer-Krankheit, angewendet werden kann. Unter Verwendung von 1H-Detektion, erhielten wir hochaufgelöste 1H,13C Korrelationsspektren. Schließlich wurde der Perdeuterierungsansatz auf den L7Ae-box C/D Protein-RNA Komplex aus P. furiosus angewendet. Wir erhielten hochaufgelöste, 1H-detektierte 1H,15N, sowie 13C,13C Korrelationsspektren des Protein-RNA Komplexes. Weiterhin haben wir eine Methode zur Bestimmung genauer Abstands- und Winkelinformationen für die Protein-RNA Schnittstelle etabliert und schlagen Ansätze vor, für die Zuordnung der chemischen Verschiebungen von RNA-Resonanzen. / In this thesis, a novel labeling scheme for solid-state NMR spectroscopy, the Reduced Adjoining Protonation (RAP) scheme, is introduced, which allows proton detection of all aliphatic sites, as shown for the microcrystalline SH3 domain of alpha-spectrin. These samples yield high-resolution, 1H-detected 1H,13C correlation spectra. In addition, the benefit of high MAS frequencies was investigated. 1H- and 13C-detected 3D assignment experiments are implemented, which allowed us to assign 90% of all aliphatic resonances of alpha-spectrin SH3. As the chemical shift is dependent on the structural motif, it can be employed to derive secondary structure information. Furthermore, a 1H-detected H(H)CH 3D experiment is introduced, to obtain long-range 1H,1H contacts, which can be used for the determination of the tertiary structure. To obtain artifact-free relaxation data, the RAP labeling scheme was modified to obtain sparsely proton labeled, 13C dilute samples, in which spin diffusion is suppressed. To probe sub-microsecond dynamics, we report experiments to determine 13C T1 relaxation times and 1H,13C dipolar coupling tensors for backbone and side chain resonances, respectively. Furthermore, we show, that the RAP labeling scheme can be applied to non-crystalline systems, such as amyloid fibrils of the Alzheimer’s disease peptide Abeta1-40. Using 1H-detection, we obtained high-resolution 1H,13C correlation spectra. Finally, we applied the perdeuteration approach to the L7Ae-box C/D protein-RNA complex from P. furiosus. We obtained high-resolution, 1H-detected 1H,15N, as well as 13C,13C correlation spectra of the protein-RNA complex. In addition, we established a methodology to determine accurate distance and angular restraints for the protein-RNA interface and propose approaches for the chemical shift assignment of RNA resonances.

Catalysis is a key area of chemistry. Through catalysis it is possible to achieve better synthetic routes, exploit molecules normally considered to be inactive and also attain novel chemical transformations. The development of new catalysts is crucial to furthering chemistry as a field. Computational chemistry, arising from applying the equations of quantum and classical mechanics to solving chemical problems, offers an essential route to investigating the underlying atomistic detail of catalysis. In this thesis calculations have been applied towards studying a number of different catalytic processes. The processing of renewable chemical sources via homogeneous reactions, specifically cardanol from cashew nuts, is discussed. All routes examined for monoreduction of a diene model by [Ru(H)(iPrOH)(Cl)(C₆H₆)] and [Ru(H)(iPrOH)(C₆H₆)]⁺ are energetically costly and would allow for total reduction of the diene if they were operating. While this accounts for the need of high temperatures, further work is required to elucidate the true mechanism of this small but surprisingly complex system. Gold-mediated protodecarboxylation was examined in tandem with experiment to find the subtle steric and electronic effects that dictate CO₂ extrusion from gold N-heterocyclic carbene activated benzene-derived carboxylic acids. The origin of a switch in the rate limiting step from decarboxylation to protodeauration with less activated substrates was also clearly demonstrated. Studies of gold systems are closed with examinations of 1,2-difluorobenzene C–H activation and CO₂ insertion by [Au(IPr)(OH)]. Calculations highlight that the proposed mechanism for oxazole-derived substrates cannot be extended to 1,2-difluorobenzene and instead a digold complex offers more congruent predicted kinetics. The lens of quantum chemistry was turned upon palladium-mediated methoxycarbonylation reactions. An extensive study was undertaken to attempt to understand the bidentate diphosphine ligand dependency on forming either methylpropanoate (MePro) or copolymers. Mechanisms currently suggested in literature are shown to be incongruous with the formation of MePro by Pd(OAc)₂ and bulky diphosphines. A possible alternative route is proposed in this thesis. Four mechanisms for methoxycarbonylation with Pd(2-PyPPh₂)ₙ are detailed. The most accessible route is found to be congruent with experimental reports of selectivity, acid dependency and slight steric modifications. A modification of 2-PyPPh₂ to 2-(4-NMe₂-6-Me)PyPPh₂ is shown to improve both selectivity and turnover, the latter by four orders of magnitude (highest transition state from 22.9 kcal/mol to 16.7 kcal/mol ∆G), and this new second generation in silico designed ligand is studied for its applicability to wider substrate scope and different solvents. The final chapter of this thesis is a mixed quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) examination of an enzymatic reaction, discussing the need for certain conditions and the role of particular amino acid residues in an S[sub]N2 hydrolysis reaction.

Ce travail de recherche a été principalement motivé par les avantages importants apportés par la technologie UTBB FDSOI aux applications analogiques et RF de faible puissance. L'objectif principal est d'étudier le comportement dynamique du transistor MOSFET du type UTBB FDSOI et de proposer des modèles prédictifs et des recommandations pour la conception de circuits intégrés RF, en mettant un accent particulier sur le régime d'inversion modérée. Après une brève analyse des progrès réalisés au niveau des architectures du transistor MOSFET, un état de l’art de la modélisation du transistor MOSFET UTBB FDSOI est établi. Les principaux effets physiques impliqués dans le transistor à double grille avec une épaisseur du film de 7 nm sont passés en revue, en particulier l’impact de la grille arrière, à l’aide de mesures et de simulations TCAD. La caractéristique gm/ID en basse fréquence et la caractéristique ym/ID proposée pour la haute fréquence sont étudiées et utilisées dans une conception analogique efficace. Enfin, le modèle NQS haute fréquence proposé reproduit les mesures dans toutes les conditions de polarisation y compris l’inversion modérée jusqu’à 110 GHz. / This research work has been motivated primarily by the significant advantages brought about by the UTBB FDSOI technology to the Low power Analog and RF applications. The main goal is to study the dynamic behavior of the UTBB FDSOI MOSFET in light of the recent technology advances and to propose predictive models and useful recommendations for RF IC design with particular emphasis on Moderate Inversion regime. After a brief review of progress in MOSFET architectures introduced in the semiconductor industry, a state-of-the-art UTBB FDSOI MOSFET modeling status is compiled. The main physical effects involved in the double gate transistor with a 7 nm thick film are reviewed, particularly the back gate impact, using measurements and TCAD. For better insight into the Weak Inversion and Moderate Inversion operations, both the low frequency gm/ID FoM and the proposed high frequency ym/ID FoM are studied and also used in an efficient first-cut analog design. Finally, a high frequency NQS model is developed and compared to DC and S-parameters measurements. The results show excellent agreement across all modes of operation including very low bias conditions and up to 110 GHz.

<p>No organisation has an endless and unlimited supply of money, especially in a recessive economy, and therefore decisions have to be made as to which areas an organisation will invest in. As organisations, such as YZ1 financial services organisation, are focused on seeing returns on investment (ROI), implementing software that is not being used&nbsp / will not render any benefits to the organisation. Research problem: Project Managers (PMs) in YZ organisation&rsquo / s IT department need to perform mandated processes, as&nbsp / defined in their centralised repository. PMs need to use Financial and Planning Software (FPS)2 software to perform certain project management activities, as required by their&nbsp / job function. However, it was found that MPP3 software, another tool, was used for more detailed project schedules, as well as activities that were not strictly enforced by&nbsp / management, the Project Office or the Quality Assurance team. Therefore, from this discovery, it was not clear whether the intended benefit of implementing this mandatory&nbsp / software (FPS) was being realised &ndash / since implementing software that is not being utilised fully would not deliver the intended benefits to the IT department (Devaraj &amp / Kohli&nbsp / 2003), even if the software is termed &lsquo / mandatory&rsquo / . Objective: The primary objective of this research was to explore and optimise the key success factors for an effective&nbsp / implementation of mandatory software in a department, in order to derive the intended business benefits. Literature Review: Literature was reviewed in the search for models or&nbsp / theories that explore the relationship between the use of mandatory software and the achievement of business benefits. The Information Management Body of Knowledge&nbsp / (IMBOK) was selected as this framework defines the relationship between IT and the realisation of business benefits, and ultimately the achievement of any business strategy. The literature review focused predominantly on the level of user involvement, change management, as well as factors that influence the usage of mandatory software by&nbsp / individuals. 1. The name of the organisation utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration 2. The name of the tools utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical&nbsp / Consideration and list of acronyms 3. The name of the tools utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration and list of acronyms. Focus was given to organisational factors affecting usage, such as top management support and organisational processes. A model was compiled using unique constructs in the Technology Acceptance Model&nbsp / (and TAM2), the Motivational Model (MM) and the Model of PC Utilisation (MPCU) &ndash / in order to test user acceptance of mandatory software. The literature study concludes with a&nbsp / review of an approach to benefits management including five stages, namely: identifying and structuring benefits, planning for the realisation of benefits, executing the plan, in&nbsp / addition to the evaluation and the review. Research design and methodology: A case study was used in this research, as it examined the phenomenon in its natural setting,&nbsp / &nbsp / &nbsp / employing multiple methods of data collection to gather information from a few entities (groups and data sources). In this way, it was not limited to only qualitative or quantitative&nbsp / approaches, but utilised mixed methods instead. A mixed methods approach was used in order to elaborate, enhance and clarify the results from the qualitative research&nbsp / through the results of the quantitative analysis. Findings: The main finding, based on the compilation of three models of user acceptance, proved that FPS was not being utilised&nbsp / as intended. There was also no evidence of an improvement in business operations. Therefore, benefits management was negatively impacted. Organisational processes were&nbsp / dentified as the most important organisational factor, influencing the usage of FPS software. Own technological capability was considered to be the least important factor,&nbsp / as respondents believed that they had sufficient IT skills in order to learn how to use FPS software. Change management was rated negatively / and as a result, it impacted the&nbsp / usage of FPS, as users were not involved in the decision to implement, and had limited interaction in the implementation process. In addition, there was no evidence found that&nbsp / benefits management was conducted in the IT department / and therefore, the impact of using alternative software could not be quantitatively assessed. Recommendations: In concluding this research, it is recommended that the &ldquo / best practice&rdquo / , derived from the pertinent literate should be followed more diligently if YZ organisation is to benefit from the&nbsp / implementation of mandatory software. For example, in this research, it was found that top management&rsquo / s support of FPS (second most important organisational factor influencing use) was lacking, despite the literature suggestion that senior management involvement in changing technology is crucial for organisational commitment. It is&nbsp / suggested that a more formal approach to benefits management should be implemented. It is also recommended that further study should be conducted &ndash / in order to explore&nbsp / the applicability of the Japanese framing (achieving benefits from IT software through the concept of strategic instinct, rather than strategic alignment) in the context of a&nbsp / developing country (such as South Africa).</p>

<p>No organisation has an endless and unlimited supply of money, especially in a recessive economy, and therefore decisions have to be made as to which areas an organisation will invest in. As organisations, such as YZ1 financial services organisation, are focused on seeing returns on investment (ROI), implementing software that is not being used&nbsp / will not render any benefits to the organisation. Research problem: Project Managers (PMs) in YZ organisation&rsquo / s IT department need to perform mandated processes, as&nbsp / defined in their centralised repository. PMs need to use Financial and Planning Software (FPS)2 software to perform certain project management activities, as required by their&nbsp / job function. However, it was found that MPP3 software, another tool, was used for more detailed project schedules, as well as activities that were not strictly enforced by&nbsp / management, the Project Office or the Quality Assurance team. Therefore, from this discovery, it was not clear whether the intended benefit of implementing this mandatory&nbsp / software (FPS) was being realised &ndash / since implementing software that is not being utilised fully would not deliver the intended benefits to the IT department (Devaraj &amp / Kohli&nbsp / 2003), even if the software is termed &lsquo / mandatory&rsquo / . Objective: The primary objective of this research was to explore and optimise the key success factors for an effective&nbsp / implementation of mandatory software in a department, in order to derive the intended business benefits. Literature Review: Literature was reviewed in the search for models or&nbsp / theories that explore the relationship between the use of mandatory software and the achievement of business benefits. The Information Management Body of Knowledge&nbsp / (IMBOK) was selected as this framework defines the relationship between IT and the realisation of business benefits, and ultimately the achievement of any business strategy. The literature review focused predominantly on the level of user involvement, change management, as well as factors that influence the usage of mandatory software by&nbsp / individuals. 1. The name of the organisation utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration 2. The name of the tools utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical&nbsp / Consideration and list of acronyms 3. The name of the tools utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration and list of acronyms. Focus was given to organisational factors affecting usage, such as top management support and organisational processes. A model was compiled using unique constructs in the Technology Acceptance Model&nbsp / (and TAM2), the Motivational Model (MM) and the Model of PC Utilisation (MPCU) &ndash / in order to test user acceptance of mandatory software. The literature study concludes with a&nbsp / review of an approach to benefits management including five stages, namely: identifying and structuring benefits, planning for the realisation of benefits, executing the plan, in&nbsp / addition to the evaluation and the review. Research design and methodology: A case study was used in this research, as it examined the phenomenon in its natural setting,&nbsp / &nbsp / &nbsp / employing multiple methods of data collection to gather information from a few entities (groups and data sources). In this way, it was not limited to only qualitative or quantitative&nbsp / approaches, but utilised mixed methods instead. A mixed methods approach was used in order to elaborate, enhance and clarify the results from the qualitative research&nbsp / through the results of the quantitative analysis. Findings: The main finding, based on the compilation of three models of user acceptance, proved that FPS was not being utilised&nbsp / as intended. There was also no evidence of an improvement in business operations. Therefore, benefits management was negatively impacted. Organisational processes were&nbsp / dentified as the most important organisational factor, influencing the usage of FPS software. Own technological capability was considered to be the least important factor,&nbsp / as respondents believed that they had sufficient IT skills in order to learn how to use FPS software. Change management was rated negatively / and as a result, it impacted the&nbsp / usage of FPS, as users were not involved in the decision to implement, and had limited interaction in the implementation process. In addition, there was no evidence found that&nbsp / benefits management was conducted in the IT department / and therefore, the impact of using alternative software could not be quantitatively assessed. Recommendations: In concluding this research, it is recommended that the &ldquo / best practice&rdquo / , derived from the pertinent literate should be followed more diligently if YZ organisation is to benefit from the&nbsp / implementation of mandatory software. For example, in this research, it was found that top management&rsquo / s support of FPS (second most important organisational factor influencing use) was lacking, despite the literature suggestion that senior management involvement in changing technology is crucial for organisational commitment. It is&nbsp / suggested that a more formal approach to benefits management should be implemented. It is also recommended that further study should be conducted &ndash / in order to explore&nbsp / the applicability of the Japanese framing (achieving benefits from IT software through the concept of strategic instinct, rather than strategic alignment) in the context of a&nbsp / developing country (such as South Africa).</p>