Τα συστήματα κινητής τηλεφωνίας απαιτούν οι κινητές συσκευές να βρίσκονται στην περιοχή κάλυψης ενός σταθμού βάσης για να μπορεί να διεξαχθεί επικοινωνία. Τι συμβαίνει όμως όταν ένα κινητό τερματικό βρεθεί σε περιοχή που δεν καλύπτεται από σταθμό βάσης; Αυτό μπορεί να συμβεί είτε σε περίπτωση που η περιοχή είναι απομονωμένη ώστε να μη έχει καταστεί συμφέρον να αναπτυχθεί υποδομή κινητής επικοινωνίας, είτε αν βρίσκεται στην επικράτεια υποανάπτυκτης χώρας όπου οι υποδομές είναι απαρχαιωμένες ή ανύπαρκτες, είτε οι υποδομές της περιοχής έχουν καταστραφεί ή καταστεί πρακτικά μη λειτουργικές λόγω απρόσμενων συμβάντων (πόλεμοι, σεισμοί, παλίρροιες, κλπ). Τα κινητά συστήματα δορυφορικών επικοινωνιών αναπτύχθηκαν ακριβώς για να παρέχουν αξιόπιστες υπηρεσίες επικοινωνιών «παντού και πάντοτε». Ειδικά, την δεκαετία 1990 που άρχισε η ευρεία χρήση κινητών επικοινωνιών, αντιμετωπίστηκε το αρχικά το πρόβλημα περιορισμένης κάλυψης λόγω μη επαρκούς επίγειας υποδομής. Η ιδέα ήταν να εξυπηρετούνται οι συνδρομητές από δορυφόρους αντί σταθμών βάσης, οι οποίοι θα παρείχαν παγκόσμια κάλυψη και θα παρέμειναν ανεπηρέαστοι από τις εξελίξεις στην Γη. Συνεπώς, δεν θα απαιτούνταν πρόσθετες υποδομές για κάλυψη περιοχών αλλά οι αρχικοί αστερισμοί δορυφόρων να παρείχαν αδιάκοπη κάλυψη. Ωστόσο λόγω της υψηλής χρέωσης δορυφορικής επικοινωνίας, της αδυναμίας παροχής εξαρχής των διαφημιζόμενων υπηρεσιών και του ανταγωνισμού από τα επίγεια συστήματα κινητής τηλεφωνίας, κάποια από τα δορυφορικά κινητά συστήματα (Iridium, Globalstar) οδηγήθηκαν σε χρεωκοπία στις αρχές της δεκαετίας 2000. Τα συστήματα αυτά εξαγοράστηκαν και ανασυστάθηκαν, και εξυπηρετούν εκατοντάδες χιλιάδων συνδρομητών, ενώ ετοιμάζονται για την εκτόξευση νέας γενεάς δορυφόρων. Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τις τεχνικές διαφορικής λήψης στα συστήματα κινητών δορυφορικών επικοινωνιών και γίνεται προσομοίωση της διαφορικής λήψης σήματος δορυφόρου από πλευράς χρήστη. Για να καταστούν όμως σαφέστερες στον χρήστη οι τεχνικές αυτές, προηγείται επισκόπηση των αρχών επικοινωνίας και της αρχιτεκτονικής των συστημάτων αυτών, ενώ μελετώνται και τεχνικές επεξεργασίας που εφαρμόζονται στο κινητό δορυφορικό σήμα. Συγκεκριμένα, στο Κεφάλαιο 1, αναφέρονται οι αρχές κινητών δορυφορικών επικοινωνιών, δηλαδή η συχνότητες επικοινωνίας, οι τροχιές των δορυφόρων, τα φαινόμενα διάδοσης στο ασύρματο δορυφορικό μονοπάτι, η κάλυψη των δορυφόρων κινητών επικοινωνιών, οι δορυφορικές ζεύξεις και οι τεχνικές μεταπομπής του κινητού σήματος. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2, αναλύεται η αρχιτεκτονική των δορυφορικών συστημάτων κινητών επικοινωνιών, δηλαδή όλες οι συνιστώσες διαστήματος και εδάφους από τις οποίες απαρτίζεται ένα δορυφορικό σύστημα που επιτελεί υπηρεσίες κινητών επικοινωνιών. Έμφαση δίνεται στα υποσυστήματα του τηλεπικοινωνιακού δορυφόρου που αποτελεί την κεντρική συνιστώσα κάθε δορυφορικού συστήματος. Γίνεται αναφορά και στην επίγεια υποδομή που παρέχει υποστήριξη στους δορυφόρους και διασύνδεση με τα άλλα δίκτυα επικοινωνιών. Ακολουθεί περιγραφή της αρχιτεκτονικής των δύο πιο δημοφιλών δορυφορικών συστημάτων υπηρεσιών κινητών επικοινωνιών, Iridium και Globalstar. Πλέον όλα τα σήματα κινητών επικοινωνιών είναι ψηφιακά, καθότι η ψηφιακή τεχνολογία προσφέρει πολλά πλεονεκτήματα έναντι της αναλογικής. Στο Κεφάλαιο 3, αναλύονται οι ψηφιακές τεχνικές που εφαρμόζονται στο δορυφορικό σήμα κινητών επικοινωνιών ακολουθώντας όλα τα στάδια από την ψηφιοποίηση του αναλογικού σήματος που παράγεται από τον ομιλητή, τις διάφορες μορφές κωδικοποίησης, πολυπλεξίας, διαμόρφωσης και τέλος, πολλαπλής πρόσβασης στον δορυφορικό αναμεταδότη. Το Κεφάλαιο 4 μπαίνει στην καρδιά της διπλωματικής εργασίας, δηλαδή τις τεχνικές διαφορισμού. Αναφέρονται γενικά οι τεχνικές διαφορισμού πομπού και δέκτη, και ο δέκτης RAKE για διαφορική λήψη κινητού τηλεφώνου. Επιπλέον αναλύονται οι διαδικασίες διαφορισμού που λαμβάνουν χώρα σε όλο το εύρος ενός δορυφορικού συστήματος κατά την διεξαγωγή κλήσης, που εμπλέκουν δύο ή περισσότερες πύλες και δύο ή περισσότερους δορυφόρους. Τέλος, στο Κεφάλαιο 5, γίνεται προσομοίωση της διαφορικής λήψης τηλεφωνικού σήματος CDMA που εκπέμπεται από πολλαπλούς δορυφόρους που βρίσκονται εντός του οπτικού πεδίου ενός δορυφορικού τηλεφώνου. Τα σήματα των δορυφόρων λαμβάνονται από τον δέκτη RAKE του τηλεφώνου και συνδυάζονται σε ένα συνεκτικό σήμα με κάποια τεχνική συνδυασμού. Βάσει των αποτελεσμάτων των προσομοιώσεων θα αξιολογηθεί η ποιότητα του λαμβανόμενου σήματος για κάθε πρόσθετο δορυφόρο και για κάθε τεχνική συνδυασμού διαφορισμού. / The mobile satellite systems were developed with the ambitious goal to provide reliable service “anywhere, anytime”. Whereas the cellular mobile systems depend on ground infrastructure in order to be operational, the mobile satellite systems indeed can still work even where ground infrastructure is inadequate or destroyed by unexpected events such as earthquakes, tides or wars. The concept of mobile satellite systems is that mobile satellite phones communicate directly with a fleet of dozens of satellites just like cell phones communicate with base stations. In such a way, communication can be delivered uninterrupted by events on Earth, as well as the need for additional ground infrastructure can be bypassed. However, due to high satellite service charges, inability to provide the advertised services and high competition from terrestrial cellular systems some of mobile satellite systems (Iridium, Globalstar) fell into bankruptcy in early 2000s. These systems were taken over and reestablished and are currently serving hundreds of thousands customers, while been prepared to launch a new generation of satellites. The purpose of the present diploma thesis is to study the reception techniques in the mobile satellite systems. Eventually, the diversity reception is simulated for the case of a satellite phone receiving signal from four LEO satellites, inspired by the Globalstar system. In order that the function of a MSS can be understood, before the presentation of the simulation, the principles of mobile satellite communications are presented, following the architecture of an MSS and the digital signal techniques that are utilized in mobile satellite communications. Specifically, in Chapter 1 the principles of mobile satellite communications are reviewed. We start with the types of mobile satellite services and frequency allocation. Then the communications satellites orbits are mentioned with emphasis to the advantages and disadvantages of each orbit that determines its utilization in satellite communications. We proceed with the mobile satellite links, the coverage of a LEO satellite and the handover techniques that are necessary in order to guarantee uninterrupted connection and seamless switching during a call. In Chapter 2, the architecture of a mobile satellite system is analyzed, i.e. the components of which a mobile satellite system is comprised. At first, we will take an insight in the structure and the various systems of a communications satellite. In addition, we will see the structure of the ground segment that supports the satellites and the user segment. Additionally the Iridium and Globalstar are presented that follow totally opposite philosophies in all implementation and function aspects. Digital technology has managed to prevail over its analog counterpart in most satellite communications thanks to its inherent advantages. The most common digital signal techniques will be reviewed in Chapter 3 concerning the MSS. Specifically, source coding, channel coding, line coding, modulation, multiplexing, multiple access, pulse shaping, and equalization techniques are taken into account since all these techniques are implemented in almost every wireless digital communication, rendering the digital signal resistant to wireless channel impairments as well as bandwidth effective. In Chapter 4, diversity analysis takes place. Diversity is a technique whereby multiple replicas of a signal are sent over a wireless channel so as to mitigate fading. We will see the various diversity techniques along with the diversity combining techniques which are used to finally combine the received signals into a single coherent signal. Furthermore, a reader will learn about some diversity techniques used in mobile satellite systems involving multiple satellites and gateways during call establishment and routing. Finally, the knowledge acquired from the previous chapters will help understand the process of diversity reception in the case of a satellite phone. In Chapter 5, the signal reception by a satellite phone from four LEO satellites is simulated by use of the Matlab programming tool. Every satellite is presumed to transmit a replica of the same signal based on the CDMA spread spectrum technique whereas the signals arrive at the phone following different paths (path diversity). Hence the received signal is comprised of four multipath components arriving at the receiver at different times. The satellite phone includes a RAKE receiver which is composed of four fingers or braches each synchronized to a multipath component. The RAKE receiver combines the multipath components using each of the SC, EGC and MRC techniques. Conclusively, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio (Eb/N0) are measured as a function of the number of RAKE receiver fingers and the combining technique. The simulation results will denote the importance of diversity in the quality of the received signal in a multipath environment as well as the efficiency of each of the combining techniques.

[pt] Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um estudo experimental do uso de técnicas de diversidade para combater o efeito de desvanecimento em sistemas de comunicação móveis celulares. Uma revisão da teoria mostrou os principais métodos de diversidade existentes e as técnicas usadas para combinar os diferentes sinais dos braços da diversidade e assim produzir um ganho em relação ao sinal desvanecido. Um laboratório móvel foi montado e uma extensiva campanha de medidas foi realizada numa região urbana da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Devido às perspectivas de implementação dos sistemas de comunicação pessoal e da terceira geração dos sistemas celulares, neste trabalho usou-se freqüências na faixa de 900 e de 1800 MHz. Deste modo pode se estabelecer uma comparação entre os ganhos de diversidade nestas duas freqüências. Resultados de medidas de diversidade em espaço e em polarização na estação rádio base mostraram que estas técnicas são comparáveis em termos dos ganhos proporcionados. Uma contribuição importante deste trabalho foi na determinação dos efeitos do uso de diversidade combinada entre espaço e polarização. Neste caso, duas portas em polarização cruzada de duas antenas separadas espacialmente foram utilizadas. / [en] This work presentes an experimental study of diversity techniques used to combat the effect of channel fading on mobile cellular systems. A comlete theoretical review have shown the main existent diversity methods and the techniques used to combine the different branches of diversity used. A mobile laboratory was assembled and an extensive measurement campaign was carried out on an urban region of the Rio de Janeiro city. Due to the perspectives of personal communication and third generation cellular systems to be deployed, frequecies on the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz band were used on this work. Hence, a comparision between diversity gain on these frequencies was obtained. Results of space and polarization diversity have shown similar behavior in terms of gain. An important contribution of this work was on the effects of a combined space polarization diversity where the crosspolar ports of two spatially spaced antennae were considered.

The emerging behavior of a mobile system is determined by its software architecture (structure, dynamics, deployment), the underlying communication networks (topology, properties like bandwidth etc.) and interactions undertaken by the users of the system. In order to assess whether a mobile system fulfills its non-functional requirements like response times or availability already at design time, the emergent behavior of such a system can be simulated by using an architectural model of the system and applying an simulation approach where a network model and a user interaction model are used for providing the contextual information. In this paper we show how such an architectural model can expressed in our ADL Con Moto, how functional and non-functional properties of an architecture can be modeled and how simulation of the mobile system can be used to yield the desired properties.

Edge networks such as sensor, mobile, and disruption tolerant networks suffer from topological uncertainty and disconnections due to myriad of factors including limited battery capacity on client devices and mobility. Hence, providing reliable, always-on consistency for network applications in such mobile and sensor systems is non-trivial and challenging. However, the problem is of paramount importance given the proliferation of mobile phones, PDAs, laptops, and music players. This thesis identifies two fundamental deterrents to addressing the above problem. First, limited energy on client mobile and sensor devices makes high levels of consistency and availability impossible. Second, unreliable support from the network infrastructure, such as coverage holes in WiFi degrades network performance. We address these two issues in this dissertation through client and infrastructure end modifications. The first part of this thesis proposes a novel energy management architecture called Hierarchical Power Management (HPM). HPM combines platforms with diverse energy needs and capabilities into a single integrated system to provide high levels of consistency and availability at minimal energy consumption. We present two systems Triage and Turducken which are instantiations of HPM for sensor net microservers and laptops respectively. The second part of the thesis proposes and analyzes the use of additional infrastructure in the form of relays, mesh nodes, and base stations to enhance sparse and dense mobile networks. We present the design, implementation, and deployment of Throwboxes a relay system to enhance sparse mobile networks and an associated system for enhancing WiFi based mobile networks.

O desenvolvimento de aplicações móveis é guiado por uma especial atenção aos requisitos não funcionais (do inglês, NFR - Non Functional Requirements), sendo o principal objetivo proporcionar uma boa experiência ao usuário final. Entretanto, a avaliação de NFRs é ainda uma tarefa manual, não estruturada e que consome muito tempo. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de várias abordagens relacionadas à avaliação de desempenho (por exemplo, o uso de aplicações de benchmark) e de NFRs no âmbito de sistemas móveis. No entanto, os benchmarks atuais são genéricos, geralmente, voltados para a plataforma de execução e nem sempre instituem um consenso na classificação de dispositivos. Visando uma melhor avaliação de NFRs e uma classificação de dispositivos com base nas necessidades de aplicações reais, este trabalho propõe um framework para gerar benchmarks orientados às necessidades de cada aplicação e, assim, fornecer uma forma eficiente e eficaz para estimar requisitos não funcionais em sistemas móveis. Essa ferramenta é composta por uma biblioteca de testes parametrizáveis, métricas e uma estrutura para geração rápida de benchmarks orientados à aplicação. O framework foi construído utilizando o paradigma de programação orientada a aspectos para coleta das métricas por fornecer uma maior modularidade e separação de interesses, de modo que a sua evolução, através da adição de outras métricas ou testes, seja facilitada. Para validação da proposta, foram realizados experimentos com cinco aplicações Android reais disponíveis na Play Store, sendo que para cada aplicação foi gerado um benchmark específico cujos resultados foram comparados com os obtidos para as aplicações móveis reais. Os resultados são promissores, mostrando que é possível criar aplicações de teste com comportamento semelhante ao de aplicações reais e, assim, classificar dispositivos com base nas necessidades das aplicações, através da análise das métricas presentes no framework. Essas métricas podem, ainda, orientar o desenvolvedor na otimização de suas aplicações ou ainda na escolha de dispositivos com melhor custo benefício para executar seus aplicativos. / The mobile application development is guided by a special attention to non-functional requirements (NFRs), where a good experience for the end user is the primary goal. However, NFRs evaluation is still a manual, unstructured and time-consuming task. This thesis presents a study of several approaches related to performance and NFR evaluation within mobile systems. Among these approaches is the use of benchmark applications. Currently available benchmarks are generic, usually focused on the execution platform and do not always establish a consensus on the classification of devices. For a better NFRs assessment and classification of devices based on real application needs, this work proposes a framework for generating application-oriented benchmarks for the early estimation of non-functional requirements in mobile systems. This framework is composed of a configurable test library, a set of metrics and an engine the assembling of the test program. The framework uses aspect-oriented programming to collect the metrics of interest. This approach provides increased modularity and separation of concerns, thus facilitating the improvement of the framework itself, by adding other metrics or testing operations. In order to validate the proposed framework we used five application from the Android Play store. For each application, a specific benchmark is generated and executed in different devices. The results are compared to those of the execution of the actual applications in the same devices. Experimental results are promising, showing that it is possible to create test applications with similar behavior to that of real applications and thus classify devices based on the actual application needs, by analyzing the metrics present in the framework. These metrics can also guide the developer in optimizing her applications or in choosing devices with the best trade-off between cost and performance to run a given application.

O desenvolvimento de aplicações móveis é guiado por uma especial atenção aos requisitos não funcionais (do inglês, NFR - Non Functional Requirements), sendo o principal objetivo proporcionar uma boa experiência ao usuário final. Entretanto, a avaliação de NFRs é ainda uma tarefa manual, não estruturada e que consome muito tempo. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de várias abordagens relacionadas à avaliação de desempenho (por exemplo, o uso de aplicações de benchmark) e de NFRs no âmbito de sistemas móveis. No entanto, os benchmarks atuais são genéricos, geralmente, voltados para a plataforma de execução e nem sempre instituem um consenso na classificação de dispositivos. Visando uma melhor avaliação de NFRs e uma classificação de dispositivos com base nas necessidades de aplicações reais, este trabalho propõe um framework para gerar benchmarks orientados às necessidades de cada aplicação e, assim, fornecer uma forma eficiente e eficaz para estimar requisitos não funcionais em sistemas móveis. Essa ferramenta é composta por uma biblioteca de testes parametrizáveis, métricas e uma estrutura para geração rápida de benchmarks orientados à aplicação. O framework foi construído utilizando o paradigma de programação orientada a aspectos para coleta das métricas por fornecer uma maior modularidade e separação de interesses, de modo que a sua evolução, através da adição de outras métricas ou testes, seja facilitada. Para validação da proposta, foram realizados experimentos com cinco aplicações Android reais disponíveis na Play Store, sendo que para cada aplicação foi gerado um benchmark específico cujos resultados foram comparados com os obtidos para as aplicações móveis reais. Os resultados são promissores, mostrando que é possível criar aplicações de teste com comportamento semelhante ao de aplicações reais e, assim, classificar dispositivos com base nas necessidades das aplicações, através da análise das métricas presentes no framework. Essas métricas podem, ainda, orientar o desenvolvedor na otimização de suas aplicações ou ainda na escolha de dispositivos com melhor custo benefício para executar seus aplicativos. / The mobile application development is guided by a special attention to non-functional requirements (NFRs), where a good experience for the end user is the primary goal. However, NFRs evaluation is still a manual, unstructured and time-consuming task. This thesis presents a study of several approaches related to performance and NFR evaluation within mobile systems. Among these approaches is the use of benchmark applications. Currently available benchmarks are generic, usually focused on the execution platform and do not always establish a consensus on the classification of devices. For a better NFRs assessment and classification of devices based on real application needs, this work proposes a framework for generating application-oriented benchmarks for the early estimation of non-functional requirements in mobile systems. This framework is composed of a configurable test library, a set of metrics and an engine the assembling of the test program. The framework uses aspect-oriented programming to collect the metrics of interest. This approach provides increased modularity and separation of concerns, thus facilitating the improvement of the framework itself, by adding other metrics or testing operations. In order to validate the proposed framework we used five application from the Android Play store. For each application, a specific benchmark is generated and executed in different devices. The results are compared to those of the execution of the actual applications in the same devices. Experimental results are promising, showing that it is possible to create test applications with similar behavior to that of real applications and thus classify devices based on the actual application needs, by analyzing the metrics present in the framework. These metrics can also guide the developer in optimizing her applications or in choosing devices with the best trade-off between cost and performance to run a given application.

O desenvolvimento de aplicações móveis é guiado por uma especial atenção aos requisitos não funcionais (do inglês, NFR - Non Functional Requirements), sendo o principal objetivo proporcionar uma boa experiência ao usuário final. Entretanto, a avaliação de NFRs é ainda uma tarefa manual, não estruturada e que consome muito tempo. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de várias abordagens relacionadas à avaliação de desempenho (por exemplo, o uso de aplicações de benchmark) e de NFRs no âmbito de sistemas móveis. No entanto, os benchmarks atuais são genéricos, geralmente, voltados para a plataforma de execução e nem sempre instituem um consenso na classificação de dispositivos. Visando uma melhor avaliação de NFRs e uma classificação de dispositivos com base nas necessidades de aplicações reais, este trabalho propõe um framework para gerar benchmarks orientados às necessidades de cada aplicação e, assim, fornecer uma forma eficiente e eficaz para estimar requisitos não funcionais em sistemas móveis. Essa ferramenta é composta por uma biblioteca de testes parametrizáveis, métricas e uma estrutura para geração rápida de benchmarks orientados à aplicação. O framework foi construído utilizando o paradigma de programação orientada a aspectos para coleta das métricas por fornecer uma maior modularidade e separação de interesses, de modo que a sua evolução, através da adição de outras métricas ou testes, seja facilitada. Para validação da proposta, foram realizados experimentos com cinco aplicações Android reais disponíveis na Play Store, sendo que para cada aplicação foi gerado um benchmark específico cujos resultados foram comparados com os obtidos para as aplicações móveis reais. Os resultados são promissores, mostrando que é possível criar aplicações de teste com comportamento semelhante ao de aplicações reais e, assim, classificar dispositivos com base nas necessidades das aplicações, através da análise das métricas presentes no framework. Essas métricas podem, ainda, orientar o desenvolvedor na otimização de suas aplicações ou ainda na escolha de dispositivos com melhor custo benefício para executar seus aplicativos. / The mobile application development is guided by a special attention to non-functional requirements (NFRs), where a good experience for the end user is the primary goal. However, NFRs evaluation is still a manual, unstructured and time-consuming task. This thesis presents a study of several approaches related to performance and NFR evaluation within mobile systems. Among these approaches is the use of benchmark applications. Currently available benchmarks are generic, usually focused on the execution platform and do not always establish a consensus on the classification of devices. For a better NFRs assessment and classification of devices based on real application needs, this work proposes a framework for generating application-oriented benchmarks for the early estimation of non-functional requirements in mobile systems. This framework is composed of a configurable test library, a set of metrics and an engine the assembling of the test program. The framework uses aspect-oriented programming to collect the metrics of interest. This approach provides increased modularity and separation of concerns, thus facilitating the improvement of the framework itself, by adding other metrics or testing operations. In order to validate the proposed framework we used five application from the Android Play store. For each application, a specific benchmark is generated and executed in different devices. The results are compared to those of the execution of the actual applications in the same devices. Experimental results are promising, showing that it is possible to create test applications with similar behavior to that of real applications and thus classify devices based on the actual application needs, by analyzing the metrics present in the framework. These metrics can also guide the developer in optimizing her applications or in choosing devices with the best trade-off between cost and performance to run a given application.

abstract: Generating real-world content for VR is challenging in terms of capturing and processing at high resolution and high frame-rates. The content needs to represent a truly immersive experience, where the user can look around in 360-degree view and perceive the depth of the scene. The existing solutions only capture and offload the compute load to the server. But offloading large amounts of raw camera feeds takes longer latencies and poses difficulties for real-time applications. By capturing and computing on the edge, we can closely integrate the systems and optimize for low latency. However, moving the traditional stitching algorithms to battery constrained device needs at least three orders of magnitude reduction in power. We believe that close integration of capture and compute stages will lead to reduced overall system power. We approach the problem by building a hardware prototype and characterize the end-to-end system bottlenecks of power and performance. The prototype has 6 IMX274 cameras and uses Nvidia Jetson TX2 development board for capture and computation. We found that capturing is bottlenecked by sensor power and data-rates across interfaces, whereas compute is limited by the total number of computations per frame. Our characterization shows that redundant capture and redundant computations lead to high power, huge memory footprint, and high latency. The existing systems lack hardware-software co-design aspects, leading to excessive data transfers across the interfaces and expensive computations within the individual subsystems. Finally, we propose mechanisms to optimize the system for low power and low latency. We emphasize the importance of co-design of different subsystems to reduce and reuse the data. For example, reusing the motion vectors of the ISP stage reduces the memory footprint of the stereo correspondence stage. Our estimates show that pipelining and parallelization on custom FPGA can achieve real time stitching. / Dissertation/Thesis / Prototype / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2018

Recreational scuba diving is a highly social activity where divers are encouraged to work in groups of two or more people. Though collaborative, divers are unable to freely and naturally communicate. Additionally, the distortion of sensory information (e.g. distances and sounds cannot be judged as accurately underwater) affects the ability to keep track of critical information which impairs their ability to engage in this underwater world. We have studied and designed a fault tolerant system, including the software, the device, and the network, to foster underwater communication. We studied the technology required, the software design for both single user and multiple users, as well as, the network design in order to support such a system. In the thesis, we have set up and analyzed the result of three user studies and a simulation to investigate the viability of the proposed design.

Cyber-physikalische Systeme (CPS) sind eine erweitere Sicht auf eingebettete Systeme, die die konkreten umgebenden Elemente in das Systemdesign einbeziehen. Das Design solcher Systeme erfordert neue Herangehensweisen: Während beispielsweise in "normalen" verteilten Systemen Aspekte wie "Bewegung" oder "Ort" möglichst transparent und damit für den Nutzer unsichtbar gestaltet werden, benötigen CPS-Anwendungen häufig Bewusstsein für Bewegung oder Ort, d.h., sie sind _motion aware_ oder _location aware_. Die Professur "Betriebssysteme" der TUC hat sich die Frage gestellt, wie eine generische Unterstützung für solche verteilte mobile Systeme aussehen könnte. Im Vortrag werden Probleme, Konzepte und erste Lösungsansätze für ein künftiges Betriebssystem für diese Art von Systemen vorgestellt.