(in English): Early modern standing army and countryside were connected with dense network of relationships and influences that were reflected in several different layers. The personal link between countryside and army was a very important part of a mutual interaction. This connection resulted from the simple fact that rural subjects constituted a significant part of ranks and files that served, risked their lives and died in the early modern army. The main topic of the diploma thesis is the recruitment within the rural population. The thesis sets two fundamental goals. The first one is the recognition of various methods and techniques that the clerks and patrimonial authorities employed in order to administrate the military issues. The second one is the search for particular people that joined the army, the explanation of their life conditions, family background and social status and the comparison with other subjects which did not choose a career in the army. The research is territorially and chronologically confined to the Třeboň dominion at the beginning of the 18th century. The thesis is based mainly on the original sources stored in the State Regional Archive in Třeboň.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-01-27T19:31:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho, Joao-Tese-2013.pdf: 1807693 bytes, checksum: 4d03f3ed4930a476f7b2035610bd270c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-27T19:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho, Joao-Tese-2013.pdf: 1807693 bytes, checksum: 4d03f3ed4930a476f7b2035610bd270c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O objetivo central da tese parte de uma leitura crítica das intepretações historiográficas mais tradicionais sobre a Baixa Idade Média portuguesa, em especial àquelas inscritas no período compreendido entre a regência do Infante D. Pedro até o fim do reinado de D. Afonso V (1438-1481), ao qual muitas vezes se atribui o adjetivo de neosenhorial, pivô de retrocessos na geração histórica do Portugal Moderno. Dessa forma, formulam-se análises que veem a estruturação estatal baixo-medieval lusitana como difusora e reprodutora de mecanismos de dominação nobiliárquica e de exploração feudal, por meio da teorização e prática de um projeto político ligado à ascensão da dinastia de Avis, apelidado projeto avisino. Longe de uma centralização despótica por parte da Coroa, proponho uma interpretação na qual a instituição monárquica ocupava papel central, sem com isso significar uma subversão do sistema social enraizado no senhorialismo perpetuado em toda Cristandade Ocidental. Buscando o afastamento de perspectivas estadualistas, anacrônicas em sua execução, opto pela identificação e pela compreensão das condições materiais de produção e de reprodução do poder e dos instrumentos de exploração. Levando, assim, em consideração a realidade social na qual tais relações se estabeleceram e ordenaram, assim como as condições conjunturais às quais precisaram se adaptar e agir no Portugal avisino do século XV. / This thesis main goal comes from a critical reading the most traditional historiographical interpretations on the Portuguese Late Middle Ages, especially the ones enrolled in the time period between the Infante D. Pedro’s regency and D. Afonso V’s reign (1438-1481), upon which is often given the adjective neoseigniorial, the setback pivot on the historical generation of the Modern Portugal. Thereby, analyzes in which the late medieval Portuguese state structure is seem as the diffuser and reproducer of nobiliary domination mechanisms and feudal exploration are formulated, through the theorization and practice of a political project bonded to the Avis dynasty ascension, surnamed projeto avisino. Far from a despotic centralization by the Crown, I propose an interpretation, in wich the monarchical institution occupied a central role, but didn’t subverted that social system, rooted on seigniorial practices spread all over the western Christendom. Searching deviation from estadualistas outlooks, anachronistic in its execution, I choose identifying and comprehending the material conditions by which the power and the exploration tools were produced and reproduced. Therefore considering the social reality in which such relations were established and arranged as well as the contextual conditions to which they needed to adapt and act through in the Fifteenth century Portugal.

The diploma thesis "The Influence of Non-Lurianic Kabbalah on East-European Hasidism of Modern Age" deals with the impact of non-Lurianic kabbalah on the origin and development of East-European Hasidism. The first chapter consists of short survey aimed on the academic research of Hasidism including the contribution of the most important figures in this particular field of research. The second chapter is focused on defining and demonstrating of Lurianic and non-Lurianic influences followed by illustrating of these influences on the example of few particular Jewish scholars. The third chapter includes the translation of chosen texts related to the topic of previous chapter, and their commentary. The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce the complex topic of the sources forming Hasidism and to show their diversity.

Pourquoi et comment se battait-on à la fin du Moyen Âge et durant le XVIe siècle ? Avec quelles armes ? Et en suivant quelles règles ou quels principes ?L’objectif de ce travail est de répondre à ces questions en s’interrogeant sur les utilisations théoriques et pratiques de l’armement présent dans les sociétés européennes du Moyen Âge tardif et de la Renaissance. Trois axes principaux seront à l’étude :– tout d’abord, celui de la réalité du terrain à travers l’étude des sources judiciaires, en particulier les lettres de rémission qui attestent de la présence et de l’utilisation d’une arme pouvant conduire à la blessure ou à la mort d’un individu.– ensuite, celui de la théorie des armes à travers l’étude des Fechtbücher, les livres de combat germaniques écrits par les maîtres d’armes du XVe et XVIe siècle. Ces derniers expliquent le maniement des différentes armes tel que celui des épées, des armes d’hast ou de la dague, ainsi que les fondements de l’art de la lutte et de l’escrime à pied et à cheval.– enfin, celui de la pratique contemporaine, c’est-à-dire l’expérimentation gestuelle et la tentative de restitution des techniques et des tactiques anciennes via des méthodes d’enseignement dans un cadre normé. Ceci afin de mieux comprendre les gestes martiaux ludiques du passé.Outre l’apport de la sociologie, ce corpus est complété par l’étude des documents littéraires ou normatifs, illustrant la présence d’armes dans les milieux non militarisés comme ceux des sociétés d’escrimeurs ou des manifestations martiales et sportives. / Why and how we use to fight in the late Middle Ages and during the sixteenth century? With what weapons? Following what rules or principles?The objective of this work is to answer these questions by questioning the theoretical and practical uses of weapons. The ones present in European society in the late Middle Ages and during the Renaissance. Three approaches will be explored :– First, the situation on the ground through the study of legal sources, particularly the remission letters in which the presence and use of a weapon can lead to injury or death of an individual.– Secondly, the theory of weapons through the study of Fechtbücher, Germanic fightbooks written by masters at arms of the fifteenth and sixteenth century. They explain the handling of various weapons such as swords, polearms or daggers. Also the foundations of the art of wrestling and fencing on foot and on horseback.– Finally, the contemporary practice. That is to say, the gesture experimentation and the attempted to return old techniques and tactics through teaching methods in a regulatory framework. The goal is to better understand the playful martial gestures of the past.Besides the contribution of sociology, this corpus is completed by literary or normative documents, showing weapons in non-militarized environments such as corporate fencers or martial and sporting events.

Os vínculos identitários associados ao toureio estão presentes na formação de um conceito de Espanha, apropriados por diferentes grupos ao longo dos séculos, e referendados por todos eles. A reflexão da historiografia presente na dissertação, indica a possibilidade de as touradas a pé profissionais terem se tornado o amálgama geográfico cultural no século XVIII, de uma sociedade aglutinada por um ritual espetacularizante, onde uma rigorosa estética se configurou como o cumprimento indissolúvel de uma nova ética burguesa, articulada por trabalhadores urbanos. Esse percurso de transferência das projeções simbólicas das touradas cavalheirescas nobres para as touradas a pé profissionais foi o resultado de um processo de crise e consequentemente de busca de novas alternativas de reiteração social e outros significados para o toureio. Assim, por meio de testemunhos documentais do século XVIII, na voz de um dramaturgo ilustrado, um cavaleiro plebeu e um famoso toureiro, perscrutamos os caminhos das apropriações identitárias e de que maneira aparecem como processos constitutivos de um sentido de Espanha, para a historiografia taurina contemporânea. / The identity ties associated with bullfighting are present in the formation of a concept of Spain, appropriated by different groups throughout the centuries, and endorsed by all of them. The reflection of the historiography present in the dissertation indicates the possibility that professional bullfights have become the cultural geographic amalgam in the eighteenth century, a society agglutinated by a spectacular ritual, where a rigorous aesthetic was configured as the indissoluble fulfillment of a new Bourgeois ethics, articulated by urban workers. This transfer of the symbolic projections of the noble chivalrous bullfights to the professional bullfights was the result of a crisis process and consequently of search of new alternatives of social reiteration and other meanings for the bullfighting. Thus, through documentary testimonies of the eighteenth century, in the voice of an illustrated dramatist, a plebeian knight and a famous bullfighter, we investigate the paths of identity appropriation and how they appear as processes, that constitute a sense of Spain for bullfighting historiography contemporary.

Os vínculos identitários associados ao toureio estão presentes na formação de um conceito de Espanha, apropriados por diferentes grupos ao longo dos séculos, e referendados por todos eles. A reflexão da historiografia presente na dissertação, indica a possibilidade de as touradas a pé profissionais terem se tornado o amálgama geográfico cultural no século XVIII, de uma sociedade aglutinada por um ritual espetacularizante, onde uma rigorosa estética se configurou como o cumprimento indissolúvel de uma nova ética burguesa, articulada por trabalhadores urbanos. Esse percurso de transferência das projeções simbólicas das touradas cavalheirescas nobres para as touradas a pé profissionais foi o resultado de um processo de crise e consequentemente de busca de novas alternativas de reiteração social e outros significados para o toureio. Assim, por meio de testemunhos documentais do século XVIII, na voz de um dramaturgo ilustrado, um cavaleiro plebeu e um famoso toureiro, perscrutamos os caminhos das apropriações identitárias e de que maneira aparecem como processos constitutivos de um sentido de Espanha, para a historiografia taurina contemporânea. / The identity ties associated with bullfighting are present in the formation of a concept of Spain, appropriated by different groups throughout the centuries, and endorsed by all of them. The reflection of the historiography present in the dissertation indicates the possibility that professional bullfights have become the cultural geographic amalgam in the eighteenth century, a society agglutinated by a spectacular ritual, where a rigorous aesthetic was configured as the indissoluble fulfillment of a new Bourgeois ethics, articulated by urban workers. This transfer of the symbolic projections of the noble chivalrous bullfights to the professional bullfights was the result of a crisis process and consequently of search of new alternatives of social reiteration and other meanings for the bullfighting. Thus, through documentary testimonies of the eighteenth century, in the voice of an illustrated dramatist, a plebeian knight and a famous bullfighter, we investigate the paths of identity appropriation and how they appear as processes, that constitute a sense of Spain for bullfighting historiography contemporary.

The text of this work is primarily based on the works of Wolfgang Brezinka, focusing on the philosophy of education and on many sociological works by Zygmunt Bauman, which are cited for better orientation in the philosophical-educational context of the chapter focusing on the philosophy of education used in the antiquity The aim was to present the reader with at least a brief awareness of the individual aspects of the philosophy of education as presented by Brezinka and to supplement it with the possible aspects that can be taken from Bauman, who primarily focuses on exploring the socio-cultural phenomena of the modern society. Gradually, the essential characteristics, features, and characteristics that accompanied the upbringing in antiquity are presented, just as the educational aims and beliefs in relation to the upbringing that is presented by Brezinka. Furthermore, there are discussed and examined the pitfalls of modernism and postmodernism in relation to personality, culture, society and philosophical-educational possibilities as pointed out by Bauman. The amount of works on the philosophy of education is insufficient and even here, of course, it has not been possible to cover all the philosophical aspects of education which are available to the authors dealing with the philosophy of education, yet...

The birth and the baptism of child were significant events in the life of people in all historical periods. This diploma thesis demonstrates meaning of the baptism rite and its reflection in the urban society in the Early Modern Age. In comparison to bachelor thesis was used more sources. The research of six families memoirs is supplied with analysis of parish register of Český Krumlov town from 1662 to 1666. Sources of religious area represents catholic, evangelical and Lutheral clerical works and especially polemics. Wider spectrum of sources made possible deeper sight at meaning of baptism and confrontation between religious order and everyday practice in baptism and godparenthood in towns in the 16. and 17. centuries.