L’avènement de la spectrométrie de masse de type MALDI-TOF a révolutionné la microbiologie en permettant l’identification précise des bactéries et des levures en seulement quelques minutes. En 2010, la MALDI-TOF SM n’était pas applicable à l’identification des champignons filamenteux. Un protocole d’identification générant des spectres interprétables de champignons filamenteux fut d’abord mis au point, suivi par le développement d’une architecture de banque originale. Enfin une banque de références solides, intégrant des références pour la majorité des espèces de moisissures impliquées en pathologie humaine, fut créée en collaboration avec le BCCM/IHEM. Les qualités d’identification de cette banque ont été démontrées non seulement à l’échelle localemais également à l’échelle nationale . Dans un second temps, nous sommes intéressés à l’identification des levures. Nous avons déterminé qu’une extraction complète est le meilleur protocole d’identification des levures en utilisant la banque de référence Bruker ™. Afin d’améliorer le diagnostic clinique,nous avons testé un protocole d’identification sur un séries de 6192 levures isolées de prélèvements cliniques reçus au laboratoire pendant un an. Enfin nous avons pu démontrer en utilisant nos « systèmes » d’identification par MALDI-TOF MS la sous-estimation de la diversité des espèces de moisissures et de levures isolées des prélèvements cliniques, lorsqu’on ne disposait que de techniques conventionnelles d’identification. La mise à disposition d’un tel outil ouvre de grandes perspectives dans le domaine de la mycologie, tant d’un point de vue épidémiologique que clinique. / During the last decade, MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionized microbiology by enabling the accurate identification of bacteria and yeast in only few minutes1. At the beginning of this work in 2010, MALDI-TOF MS was not yet optimized for mold identification. To meet this need, we established an identification protocol to generate interpretable mold spectra. The structure of the reference database was developed taking intoaccount the heterogeneity of molds in culture. Finally, a comprehensive reference database,including references for the majority of molds encountered in human pathology, was created in collaboration with the BCCM/IHEM. Identification performance of this database was tested and validated at both a local scale and an international scale . We also determined the best-adapted pre-treatment protocol to identify yeasts in a routine setting. The protocol was tested on a panel of 6192 yeast isolates recovered from clinical samples submitted to our laboratory over the course of one year. Using our fungal identification system, we were able to identify morphologically similar species and highlight the underestimation of fungal pathogen diversity. The development of our MALDI-TOF MS-based fungal identification system presents numerous opportunities in the field of mycological, from both an epidemiological and clinical point of view. In subsequent studies, defining the clinical meaning of emerging species identified via MALDI-TOF MS will profoundly modify our perspective of fungal diseases.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:20:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_marcela_leite.pdf: 710519 bytes, checksum: 310cf87909011c627dede4df043654e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 / The Stations Wastewater Treatment Plant appeared to lessen the pollution in water flows resulting from dumping of waste, such as sewage sludge. This residue is widely used in agriculture to be rich in organic matter and nutrients, helping in the productivity and soil fertility and contributing to the increase in the microbiota. In this work, we characterized the fungi living in the sewage sludge, soil and soil with the addition of sludge, assessing the potential of biotechnology mycobiota the mud with a brief study on the effect of temperature on enzyme activity of the same. The sewage sludge was collected at the Wastewater Treatment Plant Mangueira, Recife-PE and soil collected at the Experimental Station of Itapirema-IPA, city of Goiana-PE. The additions of sewage sludge to the soil were made at doses of 0, 25, 50 and 75 ton/ha. For the isolation of fungal microbiota was the technique of serial dilution and subsequent plating on selective media. The identification of mycobiota was made through the analysis of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the isolates, based on the work described by other authors. The detection of enzyme activity of cellulase, lipase and urease was based on the methodology described by Hankin and Anagnostakis (1975), with analysis of the influence of temperature on activities. The results show that the sewage sludge are present the genera Aspergillus sp., Chrysosporium sp., Monotospora sp., Penicillium sp. and Scedosporium sp.; soil the genera Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp. and Penicillium sp. and soil with the addition of sewage sludge the genera Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp., showing the impact on mycobiota soil. Fungi the sludge showed better results in the lipase activity, with the genus Chrysosporium sp. presented as the best enzyme activity in cellulase and lipase in the two tested temperatures (28°C and 35°C). The urease activity was shown with little significant value in relation to the results of other enzymes / As Estações de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETEs) surgiram para amenizar a poluição nos fluxos hídricos decorrentes dos despejos desse resíduo, como por exemplo, o lodo de esgoto. Esse resíduo está sendo muito utilizado na agricultura por ser rico em matéria orgânica e nutrientes, ajudando na produtividade e fertilidade do solo e contribuindo para o aumento da microbiota no mesmo. Neste trabalho, foram caracterizados os fungos residentes no lodo de esgoto, no solo e no solo com adição de lodo, avaliando o potencial biotecnológico da micobiota do lodo com breve estudo sobre o efeito da temperatura na atividade enzimática dos mesmos. O lodo de esgoto foi coletado na Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Mangueira, Recife-PE e o solo coletado na Estação Experimental de Itapirema-IPA, município de Goiana-PE. As adições de lodo ao solo foram feitas nas doses de 0, 25, 50 e 75 ton/ha. Para o isolamento da microbiota fúngica foi utilizada a técnica da diluição seriada e posterior plaqueamento em meios seletivos. A identificação da micobiota foi feita através das análises das características macroscópicas e microscópicas dos isolados, baseadas nos trabalhos descritos por alguns autores. A detecção da atividade enzimática da celulase, lipase e urease foi baseada na metodologia descrita por Hankin e Anagnostakis (1975), com análise da influência da temperatura nas atividades. Os resultados mostram que no lodo de esgoto estão presentes os gêneros Aspergillus sp., Chrysosporium sp. ,Monotospora sp., Penicillium sp. e Scedosporium sp.; no solo os gêneros Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp. e Penicillium sp. e no solo com adição de lodo de esgoto os gêneros Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium sp., mostrando o impacto causado na micobiota do solo. Os fungos do lodo mostraram melhores resultados na atividade lipásica, destacando o gênero Chrysosporium sp. como o que melhor apresentou atividade enzimática na celulase e lipase nas duas temperaturas testadas (28°C e 35°C). A atividade ureásica mostrou-se com valores pouco significantes em relação aos resultados das demais enzimas

The master’s thesis deals with the analysis of casting technology of the selected aluminium casting. It is a casting of a part of CNC milling machine and it is cast by gravity casting into a permanent mold. The defects which are the cause of a high percentage of nonconforming production were analyzed. Furthermore, the master’s thesis includes a complete analysis of filling and solidification of this casting in the ProCast simulation program. Numerical simulation results are verified and improved. Then the causes of problematic casting defects are proven on several calculated variants. Measures are proposed to minimize the tendency to produce castings with defects leading to nonconforming production.

This master‘s thesis deals with the solution of the production of the given part "APZ13". The structural analysis of the component is followed by the choice of the available manufacturing technology. The following is a theoretical description of the chosen technology and injection mold. Its solution is practically described in the following chapter and then the creation of TPV documentation of the whole project. The conclusion of this master’s thesis is a technical-economic evaluation of the chosen technology and discussion.

Diploma thesis deals with relationship between the sustainability of buildings and indoor climate. The aim of the diploma thesis was to design the air conditioning system for operating theaters. In the experimental part the aim was to provide total microorganisms counts and total count of micromycetes on samples taken from filters. The work is divided into three parts: theoretical, design and experiment.

The project elaborated in the frame of engineering studies branch N2307-00 is submitting design of a product from plastic from material PP GF30. In the frame of literal study there are summarized technical knowledge from the area of plastic processing. On its base there is selected and specified technology of plastic injection and costruction of injection mold. Thesis is further dealing with the construction of injection mold, which is solved as a 1+1 multiple with the use of side sliding flank cores. During the course of the tool construction there were used standardized elements of Hasco company. The tool will be fixed by the use of Arburg ALLROUNDER 320C injection press. In the conclusion of the thesis there are verified necessary strenght of the mold and basic production cost analyses.

The thesis is a proposal technology of the main body of motorcycle polymer material from Bayer's APEC - high temperature polycarbonate 1703. Literary study summarizes findings from a thermoplastic injection molding technology and the possibilities of structural design of injection molds, plastic plating technology from a focus on the most important technology in the field of lighting technology vehicles. Given the anticipated production run of 50 thousand. pieces are assessed a total of 2 variants of the molding parts. The practical part was modeled and specified product designed mold. Construction was done by using SolidWorks 2007 software and normalities FCPK Bytów and HASCO. For the selected option is implemented technological calculations. For the proposed technology was chosen Allrounder injection molding machine 570 A the manufacturer Arburg designed and suitable technological process of production.

The project developed in terms of engineering study of field N2307- 00 Engineering Technology submits a design of components from plastic production technology- cover on the table. The introductory part of this study describes characteristics, division and possible plastics processing. The work consists of production technology proposal (injection into metal mold) and its construction solution. The another part proposes suitable injection material and verification of injection machine. The final part of work consists of financial evaluation of injection process, appropriate blue prints and appendices.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of introducing Full Mold technology in specific conditions of production in foundry environment. The emphasis is placed on the least possible intervention with to established manufacturing process. The work also aims, through the comparison of the specific test castings, to map the weaknesses of this technology in the company and create possible optimization or complete removal of this weaknesses.

<p>  </p> <p><em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </em>is a soilborne pathogen of soybean that causes Sclerotinia stem rot, alternatively called white mold. Sclerotinia stem rot can cause significant yield losses under cool and wet environmental conditions. Two biofungicides, <em>Coniothyrium minitans </em>and <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, </em>are currently available and labeled to limit or suppress <em>S. sclerotiorum</em> in soybean. These biofungicides can be applied in place of synthetic foliar fungicides to provide an alternative mode of action for the control of Sclerotinia stem rot. However, limited information is available regarding the efficacy of <em>C. minitans </em>and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>as biocontrol agents of <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>in soybean and the sensitivity of the biofungicides biological activity on <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>to pesticides commonly used in soybean production systems. This research aims to provide management recommendations for <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>in soybean using <em>C. minitans </em>and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>and to develop guidelines for how to incorporate the biofungicides into an established soybean pest management program. To assess the effectiveness of <em>C. minitans </em>and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>as biocontrol agents of <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>dual culture, amended media, and soil plate assays were conducted along with experiments in the growth chamber and field. The presence of a distinct inhibition zone surrounding the <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>colony in the dual culture assay and the absence of mycelial growth on the media plates amended with <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>confirmed that the bacteria can control the mycelial growth of <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>through antibiosis. The absence of an inhibition zone surrounding the <em>C. minitans </em>isolate in the dual culture assay along with the degradation of sclerotia following treatment with <em>C. minitans </em>in the soil plate assay indicates an inability to limit the mycelial growth of <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>and confirms that the primary mode of action is mycoparasitism. In the growth chamber, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> at 14.03 L/ha applied using the dip method significantly reduced Sclerotinia stem rot lesion length when compared to the non-treated control and resulted in the lowest lesion area under the disease progress curve (lAUDPC). When <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>and <em>C. minitans </em>were applied in the field, no differences were observed between treatments for soybean moisture, test weight, or yield. To evaluate the sensitivity of <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>and <em>C. minitans</em> biological activity on <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>to pesticides commonly used in soybean production systems a poison plate assay as well as soil plate, growth chamber, and field experiments were conducted. In the poison plate assay <em>C. minitans </em>was most sensitive to the preemergence herbicide flumioxazin and the synthetic fungicides boscalid and fluazinam, while <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>was sensitive only to the synthetic fungicide fluazinam. In the soil plate assay the mycoparasitic activity of <em>C. minitans </em>on sclerotia of <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>was sensitive to flumioxazin, metribuzin, glyphosate, picoxystrobin, and boscalid. In the controlled environment experiments, none of the pesticides tested decreased the efficacy of <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em>. There were no significant interactions between <em>C. minitans </em>and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>with preemergence herbicides, postemergence herbicides, and synthetic fungicides for soybean moisture, test weight, and yield. This research demonstrates that <em>B. amyloliquefaciens </em>and <em>C. minitans </em>are effective biocontrol agents of <em>S. sclerotiorum </em>in soybean. However, antagonistic relationships exist between the biofungicides and certain preemergence, postemergence, and synthetic fungicides used in soybean production systems.</p>