Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Revised version of Thesis (M.A.)--University of London, 1966. / "Index of the titles of the verses of Muyaka": p. [336]-338. Includes bibliographical references (p. [339]-340).

Revised version of Thesis (M.A.)--University of London, 1966. / "Index of the titles of the verses of Muyaka": p. [336]-338. Includes bibliographical references (p. [339]-340).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [242]-254).

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / A public orthodontic system generally is designed to prioritize patients so that those who have the greatest need receive treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective perceptions of the occlusal appearance of 11 to 12 year-old schoolchildren of Nairobi with the modified Aesthetic Component (AC) scale of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The objectives were to assess the children's perception of their occlusal appearance, categorise the occlusal appearance using the AC scale, by both the children and researcher; and to compare the children's' perception and the AC of the IOTN. Satisfaction with appearance of teeth and occlusion as well as peer comparison was investigated. The treatment need and demand was assessed using the modified AC photographs of the IOTN. Altogether, 488 school children (249 girls and 239 boys) assessed their perception of the anterior teeth using a Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire. The researcher examined the anterior teeth of the participants and categorised them using the AC of the IOTN. The following results were reported: about two-thirds of the respondents were satisfied with the appearance of their teeth, with the gender difference being statistically significant. About 35% were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied, but reasons for it varied. More than half of the respondents rated their teeth as better than those of their peers and three-quarters were satisfied with their occlusion, the two responses elicited no gender difference. Treatment need was assessed by use of the AC indicated that there was a moderate agreement between researcher and respondents’ in treatment need assessment. The researcher found 36.3% needed treatment against self-perceived need of 30.9%. One-third of the respondents determined by the researcher to 'need treatment', felt 'no need'. There was no statistical gender difference in perceived need for treatment. The selection of ranked photographs of the AC by both researcher and respondents demonstrated skewed distributions towards the 'low ranked' or attractive end of the ranking order irrespective of the state of occlusion. Statistical comparison of the two methods used, namely the VDS and VAS, indicated that the responses were significantly different. Therefore it is suggested that any treatment priority assessment should take perceptions of occlusal appearance. into consideration.

Kenyan informal settlements have been thoroughly depicted by previous researchers as biophysical, epidemiological, and economic risk environments in which food insecurity is recognised as one of the most persistent everyday challenges. Although unemployment and illness are key contributors to the inability to purchase sufficient food, the reasons why households experience food insecurity are more complicated and not fully understood. Part of the problem is that few previous studies have privileged socio-political contributions (e.g. gender-based power inequalities and the impacts of social networks) to household food security risk. Whilst food security researchers commonly utilise the concept of vulnerability to address household-scale risk, this concept is rarely applied to interpersonal dynamics within households. Using data gathered through participant observation, questionnaires, and 109 in-depth interviews with 67 participants, this thesis provides an ethnographic account of household food insecurity in an informal settlement which addresses three primary questions: (1) In what ways might interpersonal relationships within households contribute social and political obstacles to achieving food security? For instance, how and why might risk for food insecurity emerge from experiences of interpersonal conflict? (2) What role do extra-household social networks play in experiences of food security within households? (3) How useful is the concept of vulnerability for addressing experiences of risk which are negotiated between household members? In the informal settlement of 'Bangladesh', Mombasa, Kenya, conflict within domestic, especially conjugal, relationships represents a potential source of risk to food security for individual members or entire households. Contributing to this conflict are gender inequality, power differentials, the failure to meet marital expectations, and how people respond when presente with risk. Resulting experiences of food insecurity are shown to contribute to further conflict in the household, thereby creating a cycle of conflict and food insecurity. Those who find that they have insufficient food at home may receive assistance (food or money) from members of their social networks. However, these relationships may also contribute to experiences of conflict, and therefore insecurity, within households. Applying concepts of vulnerabilty to account for experiences of risk and their consequences (food insecurity) requires differentiating between what represents a hazard, a response, and an outcome. Within multi-person households, it is exceedingly difficult to divide lived experiences involving interpersonal conflict among these three categories. Thus, I argue that vulnerability is less useful for research concerning intra-household dynamics than it is for studies which assume households to be undifferentiated units.