The subject of the diploma thesis is to study architectural security prison in Brno. Prisons are devices filling the disqualification of persons who have committed anti-social acts of a society that considers freedom and freedom of movement for one of the highest social values. The site is located in the outskirts of Brno, Brno-Slatina. The main idea is the use of the buildings that already by the expression appropriate for the application. There are prison blocks that are strictly brutalism and on the other hand, there are buildings that its minimalist ventilated façade suggests a more liberal regime. The whole composition is supported park with a chapel, in which each view change regularity rigorous imprisonment.

The subject of the diploma thesis is to architectural study of new security prison in Brno. Prisons are devices filling the disqualification of persons who have committed anti-social acts of a society that considers freedom and freedom of movement for one of the highest social values. The site is located in Propojený obrázek nelze zo brazit. Příslušný soub or byl pravděpodobně přesunut, přejmenován nebo odstraněn . Ověřte, zda propojení odkazuje na sp ráv ný so ubor a umístění. the outskirts of Brno, Brno-Slatina. The main idea is to use clear communication connections between the buildings, which are structured according to the appropriate method of use; its structurally functional organization and clearly indicate its operating mode. Harmony of the whole is then expressed by a suitable composition of objects and surfaces areal vegetation, where the area according to the scheme uniformly distributed and completed at the close of the outdoor sports area.

L’intensification des procédés de décontamination des eaux et de purification des gaz (biogaz ou gaz naturel) est un des enjeux primordiaux pour les années à venir. Pour arriver à relever ce défi, il est nécessaire de développer des adsorbants innovants qui vont améliorer les capacités d’adsorption et les cinétiques d’adsorption et qui peuvent être utilisés en flux continu. Le travail sur la mise en forme des adsorbants, sans ajout de liants, pour augmenter les capacités d’adsorption et le contrôle de leur porosité à plusieurs échelles, pour améliorer la diffusion des ions et des molécules est primordial. La zéolithe FAU-X est utilisée industriellement dans de nombreuses applications comme le piégeage du CO2, la purification des biogaz et du gaz naturel, la séparation des gaz de l’air, la séparation des xylènes et pourrait se révéler aussi très intéressante pour le piégeage du Cs radioactif des effluents nucléaires de part sa grande sélectivité. La FAU-X est utilisée dans des procédés en continu sous forme de particules extrudées de 1 à 3 mm contenant 20-30 wt% de liant argile. Des travaux actuels visent à diminuer la quantité de liant dans les particules et à développer des mises en forme monolithiques contenant des macropores, pour faciliter le transport de matière en utilisant par exemple le « freeze-casting » ou l’impression 3D. Cependant, l’ajout de liant est toujours nécessaire.Une nouvelle approche développée dans cette étude est la mise en forme sans liant de la FAU-X en particules de 1 mm et surtout sous forme monolithique avec une macroporosité contrôlée, homogène et interconnectée. Ceci permet de maximiser le transport de matière et ainsi conduire à une meilleure intensification des procédés et une manipulation plus aisée, notamment dans le cas du traitement d’effluents nucléaires. Ces nouvelles synthèses et mises en forme de la FAU-X utilisent le concept de la transformation pseudomorphique de monolithes silice-alumine, obtenus par alumination de monolithes de silice issus d’un procédé sol-gel combiné à une séparation de phase particulière, la décomposition spinodale en présence de polymères (polyéthylène oxyde). La maîtrise de toutes les étapes de synthèse et de la composition du milieu réactionnel a permis d’obtenir des monolithes de FAU-X pure dont le squelette est formé par une agrégation de nanocristaux de FAU-X. Les monolithes FAU-X présentent ainsi trois types de porosités, micro-/ méso et macroporosité, idéales pour améliorer le transport de matière. Les mésopores résultent de l’espace entre les nanocristaux.Ces monolithes FAU-X nanocristaux ont été testés en flux continu pour le piégeage du Cs contenu dans de l’eau naturelle (eau d’Evian) contenant de multiples cations en compétition. Des résultats remarquables ont été obtenus, avec des courbes de percée idéales, témoignant d’une excellente capacité d’adsorption en condition dynamique. L’efficacité des monolithes FAU-X nanocristaux est comparable au matériau de référence, des particules de silice contenant l’adsorbant le plus sélectif pour le Cs, le Bleu de Prusse, avec en plus l’avantage d’être sous forme monolithique, donc plus aisé à manipuler. Des tests préliminaires en statique ont été effectués pour l’adsorption du CO2 et révèlent des capacités d’adsorption identiques à des FAU-X pures. Les tests en flux continu restent à faire pour évaluer l’adsorption en régime dynamique.Les monolithes FAU-X nanocristaux de cette étude présentent les caractéristiques nécessaires pour être utilisés en intensification des procédés. / The process intensification of water decontamination and gas purification (biogas or natural gas) is one of the key issues for the future. To meet this challenge, it’s necessary to develop innovative adsorbents that will improve the adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics and can be used in continuous flow. Working on adsorbents shaping without addition of binders to increase their adsorption capacities and on the control of their porosity at several scales (micro-/meso-/macroporosity) to improve ions and molecules diffusion is essential. The FAU-X zeolite is used industrially in many applications such as CO2 capture, biogas and natural gas purification, air separation, xylenes separation and could also be very interesting for trapping radioactive Cs of nuclear wastewater because of its high selectivity. FAU-X is used in continuous processes in the form of extruded particles of 1 to 3 mm containing 20-30 wt% of clay binder. Current works aim to reduce the amount of binder in the particles and develop monolithic shaping containing macropores to facilitate the mass transfer using for example the "freeze-casting" or the 3D printing methods. However, the addition of binders is always necessary.A new approach developed in this study is the binderless shaping of FAU-X into particles (1 mm) and especially into monoliths with a well-controlled homogeneous and interconnected macroporosity. This particular macroporosity was shown to maximize the mass transfer in various applications and thus lead to high process intensifications and an easier handling, especially in the case of the treatment of nuclear wastewater. These new syntheses and shaping of FAU-X use the concept of pseudomorphic transformation of silica-alumina monoliths, obtained by alumination of silica monoliths synthesized from a sol-gel process combined with a particular phase separation, the spinodal decomposition in the presence of polymers (polyethylene oxide). The control of all synthesis steps and the composition of the reaction medium has led to monoliths of pure FAU-X phase, whose skeleton is formed by an aggregation of FAU-X nanocrystals. FAU-X monoliths have three types of porosities, micro-/ meso- and macroporosity, suitable for improving the mass transfer. Mesopores result from the space between nanocrystals.These FAU-X nanocrystals monoliths were tested in continuous flow for the trapping of Cs contained in natural water (Evian water) containing several competing cations. Remarkable results have been obtained, with ideal breakthrough curves, exhibiting excellent adsorption capacity in dynamic conditions. The efficiency of FAU-X nanocrystals monoliths is comparable to the reference material, which is composed of Prussian Blue nanoparticles (the most selective adsorbent for Cs) immobilized in silica particles, with the added advantage of being in monolithic shape and so easier to handle. Preliminary tests of CO2 adsorption in FAU-X nanocrystals monoliths were carried out in static conditions and reveal that the adsorption capacity of the monoliths is equivalent to pure FAU-X crystals. Continuous flow tests remain to be done to evaluate adsorption capacities in dynamic mode.The FAU-X nanocrystals monoliths developed in this study have the characteristics necessary to be used in process intensification for various applications.

Les technologies logicielles ne cessent d'évoluer pour faciliter le développement, le déploiement et la maintenance d'applications dans différents domaines. En parallèle, ces applications évoluent en continu pour garantir une bonne qualité de service et deviennent de plus en plus complexes. Cette évolution implique souvent des coûts de développement et de maintenance de plus en plus importants, auxquels peut s'ajouter une augmentation des coûts de déploiement sur des infrastructures d'exécution récentes comme le cloud. Réduire ces coûts et améliorer la qualité de ces applications sont actuellement des objectifs centraux du domaine du génie logiciel. Récemment, les microservices sont apparus comme un exemple de technologie ou style architectural favorisant l'atteinte de ces objectifs.Alors que les microservices peuvent être utilisés pour développer de nouvelles applications, il existe des applications monolithiques (i.e., monolithes) cons-truites comme une seule unité et que les propriétaires (e.g., entreprise, etc.) souhaitent maintenir et déployer sur le cloud. Dans ce cas, il est fréquent d'envisager de redévelopper ces applications à partir de rien ou d'envisager une migration vers de nouveaux styles architecturaux. Redévelopper une application ou réaliser une migration manuellement peut devenir rapidement une tâche longue, source d'erreurs et très coûteuse. Une migration automatique apparaît donc comme une solution évidente.L'objectif principal de notre thèse est de contribuer à proposer des solutions pour l'automatisation du processus de migration d'applications monolithiques orientées objet vers des microservices. Cette migration implique deux étapes : l'identification de microservices et le packaging de ces microservices. Nous nous focalisons sur d'identification en s'appuyant sur une analyse du code source. Nous proposons en particulier deux approches.La première consiste à identifier des microservices en analysant les relations structurelles entre les classes du code source ainsi que les accès aux données persistantes. Dans cette approche, nous prenons aussi en compte les recommandations d'un architecte logiciel. L'originalité de ce travail peut être vue sous trois aspects. Tout d'abord, les microservices sont identifiés en se basant sur l'évaluation d'une fonction bien définie mesurant leur qualité. Cette fonction repose sur des métriques reflétant la "sémantique" du concept "microservice". Deuxièmement, les recommandations de l'architecte logiciel ne sont exploitées que lorsqu'elles sont disponibles. Enfin, deux modèles algorithmiques ont été utilisés pour partitionner les classes d'une application orientée objet en microservices : un algorithme de regroupement hiérarchique et un algorithme génétique.La deuxième approche consiste à extraire à partir d'un code source orienté objet un workflow qui peut être utilisé en entrée de certaines approches existantes d'identification des microservices. Un workflow décrit le séquencement de tâches constituant une application suivant deux formalismes: un flot de contrôle et/ou un flot de données. L'extraction d'un workflow à partir d'un code source nécessite d'être capable de définir une correspondance entre les concepts du mon-de objet et ceux d'un workflow.Pour valider nos deux approches, nous avons implémenté deux prototypes et mené des expérimentations sur plusieurs cas d'étude. Les microservices identifiés ont été évalués qualitativement et quantitativement. Les workflows obtenus ont été évalués manuellement sur un jeu de tests. Les résultats obtenus montrent respectivement la pertinence des microservices identifiés et l'exactitude des workflows obtenus. / Software technologies are constantly evolving to facilitate the development, deployment, and maintenance of applications in different areas. In parallel, these applications evolve continuously to guarantee an adequate quality of service, and they become more and more complex. Such evolution often involves increased development and maintenance costs, that can become even higher when these applications are deployed in recent execution infrastructures such as the cloud. Nowadays, reducing these costs and improving the quality of applications are main objectives of software engineering. Recently, microservices have emerged as an example of a technology or architectural style that helps to achieve these objectives.While microservices can be used to develop new applications, there are monolithic ones (i.e., monoliths) built as a single unit and their owners (e.g., companies, etc.) want to maintain and deploy them in the cloud. In this case, it is common to consider rewriting these applications from scratch or migrating them towards recent architectural styles. Rewriting an application or migrating it manually can quickly become a long, error-prone, and expensive task. An automatic migration appears as an evident solution.The ultimate aim of our dissertation is contributing to automate the migration of monolithic Object-Oriented (OO) applications to microservices. This migration consists of two steps: microservice identification and microservice packaging. We focus on microservice identification based on source code analysis. Specifically, we propose two approaches.The first one identifies microservices from the source code of a monolithic OO application relying on code structure, data accesses, and software architect recommendations. The originality of our approach can be viewed from three aspects. Firstly, microservices are identified based on the evaluation of a well-defined function measuring their quality. This function relies on metrics reflecting the "semantics" of the concept "microservice". Secondly, software architect recommendations are exploited only when they are available. Finally, two algorithmic models have been used to partition the classes of an OO application into microservices: clustering and genetic algorithms.The second approach extracts from an OO source code a workflow that can be used as an input of some existing microservice identification approaches. A workflow describes the sequencing of tasks constituting an application according to two formalisms: control flow and /or data flow. Extracting a workflow from source code requires the ability to map OO conceptsinto workflow ones.To validate both approaches, we implemented two prototypes and conducted experiments on several case studies. The identified microservices have been evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The extracted workflows have been manually evaluated relying on test suites. The obtained results show respectively the relevance of the identified microservices and the correctness of the extracted workflows.

The topic of the diploma thesis is fast separation of explosives by HPLC and development of miniaturized liquid chromatograph for application in a handheld explosives detection device. In this work the retention of some nitrated explosives and selectivity in reversed phase system as a function of mobile phase composition is studied while methanol, acetonitrile and acetone as an organic solvent is used. Best selectivity and good retention can be observed in methanol mobile phase. Acetonitrile and acetone are not suitable for fast isocratic separation of mixture containing pentaerythritol tetranitrate because of its strong retention. Efficiency and permeability of monolithic column (Chromolith CapRod RP-18e) and columns filled with superficially porous particles are compared (Kinetex 2,6 µm C-18, Poroshell 120 SB-C18). Monolithic column with satisfying efficiency and high column permeability is the most suitable solution for fast separation of explosives. Assuming use of explosives detection device in different conditions the separation was optimized on temperature 50 °C. Under these conditions the 35% v/v methanol gives good retention and selectivity. For very fast scan analysis of pentaerythritol tetranitrate or other nitroaromatics use of 70% v/v acetone mobile phase is suitable. Construction of miniaturized liquid chromatograph that enables preconcentration of explosives from aqueous solutions and fast separation in less than 1 minute is described. This concept will be incorporated into the handheld explosives detection device where the explosives vapor will be absorbed into the water and after the separation detected by chemiluminescence.

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a global health challenge with a projected fallout of 10 million deaths annually and cumulative costs of over 1 trillion dollars by 2050. The currently available tools exploited in the detection of bacteria or their DNA can be expensive, time inefficient, or lack multiplex capabilities among others. The research work highlighted in this dissertation advances techniques employed in the phenotypic or genotypic detection of bacteria and their DNA. In this dissertation, I present polymethyl methacrylate-pressure sensitive adhesive microfluidic platforms developed using a time-efficient, inexpensive fabrication technique. Microfluidic devices were then equipped with functionalized monoliths and utilized for sequence-specific capture and detection of picomolar concentrations of bacterial plasmid DNA harvested from cultured bacteria. I then showed multiplex detection of multiple bacteria gene targets in these devices with an improved monolith column. Finally, I demonstrated a genotypic approach to studying single bacteria growth in water-in-oil droplets with nanomolar concentrations of a fluorescence reporter, and detection via laser-induced fluorescence after convenient room temperature 2-h incubation conditions. The systems and methods described herein show potential to advance tools needed to address the surging problems and effects of drug-resistant bacteria.

Preterm birth is a global health challenge and the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Each year, about 15 million babies are born preterm globally. Traditional tools that have been exploited for the detection of preterm birth biomarkers are expensive, time consuming, or lack multiplexing capabilities. The work described in this dissertation highlights techniques developed to detect preterm birth biomarkers rapidly and accurately in the effort to mitigate preterm birth risk. In this dissertation, I first demonstrated the use of stereolithography digital light processing-based 3D printing and microfluidics for the development of microfluidic devices that had microvalves for fluid control. I then used these devices for microchip electrophoresis and fluorescence detection of five preterm birth biomarkers from a published panel. Next, I presented developments in 3D printed microchip electrophoresis device design. I separated amino acids and preterm birth biomarkers in a serpentine device design, obtaining good resolution, separation efficiency, and improved preterm birth biomarker peak capacity. Finally, I demonstrated the integration of solid-phase extraction with microchip electrophoresis in 3D printed microfluidic devices. These integrated devices enabled a seamless transition from preterm birth biomarker enrichment and labeling to microchip electrophoresis separation and fluorescence detection. The work described in this dissertation shows promise in advancing key tools needed to address preterm birth risk rapidly and effectively.

No description available.

No description available.

Microfluidics can take laboratory processes and miniaturize them, which led to the term lab-on-a-chip. Microfluidic devices are fabricated with a variety of materials and methods, each offering distinct advantages for bioanalysis. This dissertation describes two methods to create these devices, with the use of four different materials to achieve different assay needs. In the first application in this dissertation, hot-embossed cyclic olefin copolymer was used to create microdevices to electrophoretically separate seven preterm birth biomarkers. One biomarker, thrombin-antithrombin III, cannot be purchased commercially so I developed methods for its assembly in the lab. Dot blots and mass spectrometry were used to evaluate the synthesis of thrombin-antithrombin III. The next application evaluated digital-light processing stereolithography 3D printing resins. A new optically clear resin was developed and compared to two previously described resins. The physical characteristics (i.e., hardness and Young's modulus), biocompatibility, and electrophoretic separation capabilities were compared. Lastly, 3D printing was used to create microfluidic devices with embedded affinity columns to extract, fluorescently label, and detect chikungunya virus RNA. Conditions for detecting RNA were optimized using oligonucleotides, and a linear relationship was determined for concentration of RNA loaded and fluorescent signal detected. The specificity of the column was tested with a genetically similar virus; viral RNA from both viruses was loaded to demonstrate ability to extract and detect only chikungunya virus. These applications show microfluidic devices' ability to analyze various biomolecules. This work also exhibits multiple tools that can be used in microfluidics. Using these methods provides better characterization of diseases, drugs, and wellness.