­^¤å´£­n¡R Variation technique has always been one of the way of composing used by composers both in eastern and western music. During Beethoven's creative time, he worked on variation both technique and musical form frequently. Before 1800, he composed pieces based on variation technique for keyboard including 12 piano variations, few chambers and piano duets. After 1800, he started using variation more intensively. The pieces he wrote include in chambers, concertos and symphonies. Until 1815, the technique of variations became character on the late period of Beethoven. In this thesis, The definition of variation will be introduced first. The historical background of variation will be discussed from Middle age to Classic period. Before 1823, the types of variation can be differentiated as the independent variations and variation movements in large works. And the technique could be divided into four types which are ostinato variations¡Bcantus-firmus variations¡Bfixed-harmony variations and melodic variations with fixed harmony. And the form of variation can be divided into three types which are strophic variations¡Bhybrid variations and genre variations. Then, three string Quartets from different periods¡Bsymphony No.3 and some piano variations will be discussed from the point of view of Beethoven's variation technique. And 5 pieces from piano sonatas of Beethoven's works-- Op.14 No.2 II movement, Op.26 I movement, Op.57 II movement, Op.109 III movement, and Op.111 II movement-- will be described in detail on the background of composing and form analyzing. Finally, conclusion will be given. By adding variation movements to classic sonatas, Beethoven experienced the new technique of variation, and made these 5 sonatas much more unique and with variety.

The debate over the "globalization" process has been influenced by the emergence of social movements who deplore this process. This research focuses on the French social movement ATTAC (Action for a Tobin Tax for the Aid of Citizens), that criticizes the problematic effects of globalization and of the new European constitutional order. This study contends that anti-globalization movements, such as ATTAC, are not only resisting what is perceived as an unjust economic system (neo-liberal globalization), but also what they perceive as cultural uniformization, or a threat to cultural identity and cultural diversity. I substantiate this claim by studying the membership of ATTAC: through qualitative research, including interviews and observations, I show the multiplicity of discourses in which members address the anti-globalization issue. This study will contribute to the research on transnational social movements, as it demonstrates the prevalence of culture and identity concerns over globalization, something that has been overlooked by previous studies of anti-globalization movements.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Nottingham Trent University, 2001. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-242) and index.

Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed February 9, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-269).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [395]-404). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Stockholm University , 2009. / Title from PDF title page (publisher's website, viewed April 21, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-218).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [395]-404). Also available on the Internet.

During June and July of 1971, representatives of Bolivian union and left-wing political organizations from across the nation gathered in the Legislative Palace with the objective of installing the Popular Assembly. In the absence of a democratically elected parliament the newly formed power organ of the proletariat attempted to formulate a strategy that would lead the country towards socialism. President Gen. Juan José Torres, a member of progressive sectors of the army that followed a national-popular agenda, supported the Assembly in a moment of high political instability amidst permanent threats from conservative factions of the army to seize power. With a majority of representatives from labor organizations and a preeminent role of mining workers, the Assembly followed the example of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The 'first soviet of Latin America', as it was called both by supporters and detractors, was the outcome of the particular twenty-five year political trajectory of the labor movement that combined a set of ideological principles and core framing tasks. The Popular Assembly came to a sudden end in 1971 when Gen. Torres’ presidency was cut short by a coup that brought a conservative military to power. Though it was never able to achieve its main political objectives, the case of an abortive social revolution allows a better understanding the role of ideology, collective action frames and historical events in explaining the outcomes of social revolutions and the actions of social movements. / text

Hand motion analysis methods have been providing researchers with motion investigation initiatives, revealing motion features and mechanisms in both healthy subjects and patients suffering from hand dysfunctions. Technical advancements have led to the maturation of motion capturing methods such as goniometric gloves. In this project, the CyberGlove as a manufactured product was chosen as a potential tool for the development of a hand function assessment system that would ultimately distinguish between healthy subjects and patients suffering from hand dysfunctions. In this study, the evaluation of the CyberGlove as a feasible clinical tool and its technical adaptations were done in parallel. The sensor output characteristics were investigated using X-ray photography as a spatial golden standard and the sensors were shown to exhibit linear qualities with optimal nonlinearities at 0.6%. The measurement sensitivity and accuracy by the CyberGlove was improved by establishing a calibration protocol suiting the sensor characteristics. Through a calibration protocol using calibration tools made by thermoplastics, the angular measurement error was found to decrease from 7.2% to 1.2%. The technical development of the software part of the project involved the inclusion of data preprocessing, display and analysis modules. To investigate the motion exhibited by healthy subjects, 32 healthy subjects were recruited and they were asked to complete a series of motion according to a designed motion protocol involving a static trial, a timed-grip trial and a rapid-grip trial. Motion features were extracted from recorded motion data by identification and quantification of temporal or spatial characteristics in motion such as joint sequence of events, angular kinematics, finger tip path features and phase diagram features. Some features were evaluated by pattern correlation analysis by linear regression, and healthy subjects all shared similar patterns resulting in high levels of regression coefficients R2 and low levels of slope deviations m. The establishment of motion features along with a prototype motion measurement system allows the continuous development on the CyberGlove as a hand function assessment tool when supported by later clinical adaptations or studies. / published_or_final_version / Orthopaedics and Traumatology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Not available / text