The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in the extent of customer e-loyalty between the two fashion e-commerce formats single-brand and multi-brand e-retailer. A quantitative research was conducted by means of an electronic questionnaire examining different factors influencing e-loyalty as well as e-loyalty directly. The findings showed similar values for both fashion e-retail formats with slightly higher numbers for single-brand e-retailer. This finding was surprising since it was assumed that single-brand e-retailer would rather attract loyal customers than multi-brand e-retailers. In the case of both formats, however, there is space for improvement to increase customer loyalty. / Program: Master Programme in Fashion Management

Multi-brand portfolios are characterized by comprising many brands in the same product category. Companies that have chosen to organize their products according to this strategy are facing both possibilities, such as expanding the accessible market size, and challenges such as how to organize the brands, their individual roles and their relation and position to the other brands in the category to maximize revenues. To address these aspects of multi-brand portfolios, I have investigated four product categories where multiple brands are represented at Mölnlycke Health Care, Unilever, Fagerhult and L’Oréal; how the multi-brand portfolios are organized, how the segmentation, positioning and product differentiation are done and what advantages and disadvantages that are associated with this strategy. My conclusions are that multi-brand portfolios can be organized in many different ways and to become successful, they have to be set in relation to the company’s whole brand architecture. Segmentation, positioning and product differentiation are important tools to differentiate the brands and to match them against distinct and specific customer needs. However, the importance and the function of each of them may depend on the overall brand and product organization. The main benefits of having many brands in the same product category are the opportunity to offer a complete solution for the customer and to reach a larger market by meeting diverse customer needs and preferences. The drawbacks are the risks for cannibalization, high marketing and administration costs and confusion among customers if they cannot distinguish between the multiple brands.

觀察台灣產業品牌發展，在相同的產業裡，各企業或許會出現ㄧ致的品牌策略，亦或許會出現迥異的品牌策略，是哪些原因影響，讓企業在相同的產業環境下，卻有不同的品牌策略選擇? 或堅持某一特定策略? 本研究將透過深度個案訪談及次級資料分析方式，針對企業在品牌策略的發展歷程中，其品牌策略選擇的影響因素，同時透過食品業與科技業的跨產業比較，以企業經理人觀點出發，探討品牌策略選擇的影響要因。 個案選擇其品牌策略概分為「企業品牌」與「多品牌」兩種策略，產業之個案選擇以食品業之統一、味全、桂冠，科技業則為宏碁、華碩、英華達等。 研究結果顯示，企業品牌策略發展歷程中，其品牌策略選擇的影響因素，主要涵蓋企業、產品與市場三大構面。在食品產業成長發展過程中，各廠商間品牌策略選擇，較偏向多品牌策略，受訪經理人認為，食品業由企業品牌轉多品牌策略，主要與消費者需求改變有關，過去消費者注重價格實惠的理性消費；但隨著台灣經濟社會開發後，人民所得普遍提高，因此，轉變為多樣化的需求，因此必須對應多品牌以鮮明訴求不同產品定位。 在科技產業成長發展過程中，各廠商間品牌策略選擇，較偏向企業品牌策略，受訪經理人表示，主要原因為產品屬性因素，科技產品的標準化生產流程，使個產品不會有所謂的口味、生活習慣等文化差異，在食品業所強調「家鄉市場」（home market）的條件，已經不存在，對科技公司而言，品牌的戰略不同於食品業由區域品牌做起的單點突破方式，各區域消費差異小，而是以全球消費者目標的全面式出擊，加上企業研發與製造投資金額龐大，營運風險高，採行企業品牌，可降低投資風險，增加品牌投資綜效，節省龐大行銷費用；再加上國際先驅品牌大廠，以採取類似的組合品牌策略，因此，大多採取一致的品牌策略。 在食品與科技不同產業間，其品牌策略發展將有不同的趨勢，科技業品牌，因全球標準一致性，因此全球品牌走向大者恆大的趨勢，未來將僅存續全球十大品牌；食品業則較具文化與地理上障礙，將朝區域品牌大廠發展，跨區域間，則進行策略聯盟發展。 / Observing the brand development of Taiwan industrials, there may appear consistent or inconsistent brand strategy in the same industry. Which factors are influencing on managers during brand strategy decision-making? Why do managers choose different brand strategy or insist on a specific strategy under the same industrial environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the cause of brand strategy choice from manager’s viewpoints, through the secondary data and case study method. This study will also compare with the technology industrial and food industrial cases. There are categorized two type strategies- corporate branding and product branding strategy. Case study lists are President, Weichuan, Laurel, acer, Asus and OKwap. The result of study shows, the brand strategy influenced factors contain the corporate, product and market attributive factors. While the food industry developed, they preferred to choose product branding. Managers told us that this change is related to consumer demand change. Consumers paid attention on the benefit of price in the past. Since the economic booming in Taiwan, people's incomes were generally raised. Consumers changed to diversified demands. The product branding is appealed to this request. While the technology industry developed, they preferred to choose corporate branding. Managers told us that the main reason is product attribute factor, for example standardized and homogeneous product attribute. They need to face global market, without any regional market advantage. Their products must target to all of users world wide. They must make investment hugely on R&D, marketing and manufacturing. The operation risk is high. They can reduce the risk by adapting corporate branding strategy. Retracing the leading company internationally, they also chose the same brand strategy. Among food and technology industries, their brands developed differently and have different trends in the future. Technology brands will exist only top ten vendors due to standardized and homogeneous product influenced. Food industry relatively has obstacle on culture and geography. They only will develop brands towards local regional markets. For cross-regions markets, they will cooperate by strategic alliance.

本論文主要在探討代理商的多品牌策略以及降低代理風險的作法，先經由文獻探討與實務探討歸納出研究觀念架構，然後求出模型定理。再經由公司訪談做出個案分析然後比較個案與架構以及個案與模型之關係而求出結論。

The main goal of this thesis is to develop a marketing strategy of Xella CZ s.r.o, a leading producer of white aerated concrete blocks on the Czech market, for YTONG -established brand and a new brand Hebel. The theoretical part deals with the concept of strategic marketing planning, describes its phases and stages. It explains the terms segmentation , targeting, positioning and multi-brand strategy. The end of the theoretical part focuses on the specifics of marketing in the construction industry. In the practical part the reader gets to know the company Xella CZ and the products it offers. There is also analyzed the current situation of the Czech construction industry including outline of possible future developments, there are defined target groups of the company, depicted its competitors, set the company's targets. There is also carried out SWOT analysis. On the basis of collected data a marketing strategy is created including marketing mix for both brands.

The overall purpose of this research was to understand how consumers perceive physical environments from multi-brand fashion retail stores. According to Solomon and Rabolt (2008), a well-design of store environment can fulfill consumer’s shopping process with a pleasant, efficient and enjoyable experience. Since many researchers have proved that the store environment directs consumer’s shopping experience, by investigating consumer’s behavior with psychological and physical perceptions in a store is the approach for retailers to create more business opportunities in a competitive fashion industry today.Through literature review we know, the development of retail stores from eighteenth century until today, it changes by social, culture, economic factors as well as consumer behavior. From the history, it also illustrates how a multi-brand fashion retail store grows in today’s Swedish market. Customers’ interview is the important approach to know how consumers experience shopping and perceive the environment in the multi-brand fashion retail stores. Because of consumers’ demographic differences, the perceptions from the same store environment lead to either positive or negative feelings. By interviewing the store staffs, the companies’ management and store display strategies are provided and it is helpful to analyze and compare in parallel. The retailer applies appropriately store designing strategy to focus on a certain group of consumers is useful to find its target consumers as well as appealing to target consumer’s satisfaction with shopping experience. Based on the interview result, the perceptions both from consumers and retailers are discussed. According to the analysis of the results, recommendations are given for tangible and intangible improvements. In terms of visible improvements, the retailers may improve visual communication and lighting design in the store environment which enhances consumer’s attitude toward positive perception and exceptions. Sending positive knowledge is an invisible channel to influence consumer behavior, and it is sure that consumers are willing to learn what they are interested. Furthermore, improving visual merchandise management is an approach to compete increasing number of outlets in the market which could be achieved by professional employees and training processes.To design or create a better physical environment of multi-brand fashion retail store, it not only follows the retailer’s marketing strategy and company orientation, but also concerns for consumers’ needs toward positive influences. A consumer’s perception from a store environment decides his or her attitude and behavior. If consumers are satisfied with the store, they will tell an average of 5 other people, whereas disappointed consumers may talk to more people and never return to the store. (Hines and Bruce 2008) To develop a better physical environment of a multi-brand fashion retail store, it relies on interacting of influences between consumers and retailers. / Program: Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring

本研究目的在探討代言人的選用策略、代言人代言數量、產品涉入程度與廣告效果之間的意涵；分析人口統計變數對廣告效果的差異性；檢定產品涉入程度、代言人代言數量多寡之間對廣告效果的關係。根據量化分析及質化訪談的研究分析，對代言人的選用策略提出整合研究建議。 研究方法採取量化的實驗法及質化的深度訪談進行，以實驗法進行的過程，先針對代言人代言數量多寡進行人選的前測，再與涉入程度高低不同程度的商品搭配，設計出一組3*2的實驗組合。透過統計檢定導出結論，再輔以實際廣告業界當中，從廣告主及廣告代理商的深度訪談佐證，最終再提出名人代言的選用策略建議。 根據實驗的結果統計歸納，摘要四點結論如下： 一、名人多品牌大量代言等於高知名度，廣告效果仍佳。 二、代言人代言數量過多導致推荐疲乏雖然存在，但對廣告效果影響有限。 三、在商品涉入程度的關係中，名人代言策略建議用在低涉入產品中，高涉入產品效果較差。 四、代言人的選擇應考慮目標對象的性別及教育程度進行遴選標準。 根據廣告主及廣告公司等業者的訪談，提出八項建議如下： 一、依據代言人性格及品牌關聯，為名人量身打造廣告，破解可能的推薦疲乏。二、經由代言人成為「品牌大使」的角色，發揮品牌精神。 三、為避免折損名人價值，名人應嚴選合作品牌，與品牌適配結合。 四、創造虛擬偶像或素人明星為操作代言人的奇兵策略。 五、整合性名人代言的傳播決策路徑 六、避免喧賓奪主效應，發展名人與品牌之間的雙贏及共生關係。 七、用名人自己平常慣用的語言及消費者認同的語言來溝通。 八、理性與感性建立品牌人格化模式。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the strategy of choosing advertising spokesperson, the number of endorsements, the meaning between product involvement and advertising effectiveness. Analyze the demographic variables toward advertising effectiveness. Test product involvement level and relationship between the number of endorsements of advertising spokesperson and the advertising effectiveness. The conclusion is based on the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative research to provide the integrated suggestion for choosing advertising spokesperson. Methodology is based on the quantitative and qualitative (in-depth interview) research. In the course of an experimental method, conduct the pre-test of the candidates for the number of endorsements by advertising spokesperson, the next step is to design a set of 3 * 2 experimental combinations with varying degrees of product involvement. The conclusions derived through a statistical test, and then supplemented with the actual advertising industry which, from the advertisers and advertising agencies in support of in-depth interviews and eventually made the choice of celebrity endorsement strategy proposals. According to the experimental results of statistical induction, four-point summary of the conclusions are as follows: 1. Celebrity endorsement for a large number of brands increases the total brand awareness which means the advertising effect is still good. 2. Lead to an excessive number of spokesmen for endorsement recommendation fatigue exist, but a limited impact on advertising effectiveness. 3. The relationship between the degree of product involvement, the celebrity endorsement strategy proposes to use in low-involvement products, high-involvement products seems less effective. 4. Choosing the advertising spokesperson should take into account gender and educational level of the Target audience as the selection criteria. According to the in-depth interview with advertisers and advertising agencies. The eight suggestions are as follows: 1. Based on the spokesperson personality and association with the brand, it is recommended that the advertising should be tailored to reduce the recommendation fatigue. 2. Through the advertising spokesperson become a "brand ambassador" role, to play the brand spirit. 3. In order to avoid impairment value of celebrity, celebrities should be carefully selected co-brand fit and brand integration. 4. The creation of a virtual idol or a prime people as the advertising spokesperson is an innovative strategy. 5. Integrated decision-making path to celebrity endorsement. 6. To avoid overwhelming and reduce the advertising effect, it is necessary to build the symbiotic relationship between celebrities and the brand to create the win-win situation. 7. Using its own language of the celebrities to communicate with the target audience. 8. Sense and Sensibility patterns to build brand personification.