Essa pesquisa tem como foco a tomada de decisão para a escolha de modais de transporte urbano coletivo e analisa os desempenhos operacionais e funcionais dos sistemas Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos (VLT) e Monotrilho. Um modelo de apoio multicritério à decisão (AMD) em cenários complexos é utilizado na análise e tem como dados de entrada as preferências subjetivas de agentes de decisão (stakeholders) e os desempenhos objetivos e subjetivos dos três modais com relação a um sistema de cinco critérios e 22 subcritérios. Tal sistema cobre os eixos de eficiência energética, custo, viabilidade econômica e financeira, qualidade da viagem e impactos ambientais. Stakeholders selecionados com perfis de operador, vizinho, usuário, fornecedor de equipamentos e serviços e consultor em transportes urbanos atribuem suas preferências, pontuando-as em escala numérica de 1 a 9. Visando a aplicação do modelo na região da cidade de São Paulo, foram coletadas 138 opiniões de preferências através de formulários de avaliação e entrevistas conduzidas nessa região. Cada um dos três modais, após ser configurado para atender aos requisitos operacionais e funcionais do serviço de transporte definido por uma unidade funcional comum, tem os seus desempenhos com relação ao mesmo conjunto de critérios e subcritérios pontuados em uma escala numérica. Um índice global (IG), que define a prioridade de cada alternativa, é obtido pela agregação das preferências e desempenhos com uma função aditiva. O modelo foi aplicado em um estudo de caso que simulou a operação dos três modais no trecho entre as estações Vila Prudente e São Mateus da Linha 15 do Metrô de São Paulo, cujos requisitos definiram a unidade funcional. Dentro dos limites e premissas estabelecidas para o estudo de caso, os índices globais calculados indicaram a preferência pelo modal Monotrilho, seguido, na ordem, pelo VLT e BRT. / This research focuses on decision-making support methods to choice public urban transport modes and analyzes the operational and functional performances of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Monorail systems. A multicriteria decision aided model (MDAM) in complex scenarios is used in the analysis and has as input data the subjective preferences of stakeholders and the objective and subjective performances of the three modalities in relation to a set of five criteria and 22 subcriteria. This system covers the axes of energy efficiency, cost, economic and financial feasibility, travel quality and environmental impacts. Stakeholders selected with profiles of operator, neighbor, user, equipment and service provider and consultant in urban transport assign their preferences, scoring them on a numerical scale from 1 to 9. In order to apply the model in the region of the city of São Paulo, 138 opinions were collected through evaluation forms and interviews conducted in that region. Each of the three modes, once configured to meet the operational and functional requirements of the transport service defined by a common functional unit, has its performances against the same set of criteria and subcriteria scored on a numerical scale. A global index (GI), which defines the priority of each alternative, is obtained by aggregating the preferences and performances according to an additive function. The MDAM model was applied in a case study that has simulated the operation of the three transport modalities in the stretch between the stations Vila Prudente and São Mateus of the Line 15 of the São Paulo Metro, whose general requirements did define the functional unit of the case. Within the limits and assumptions defined for the case study, the calculated global indices indicated the first preference for the Monorail modal, followed, in sequence, by the LRT and BRT.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-08T14:34:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Debora_Pereira_thesis.pdf: 4477202 bytes, checksum: 0af71560a8db492ecea51ebedad76427 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T14:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Debora_Pereira_thesis.pdf: 4477202 bytes, checksum: 0af71560a8db492ecea51ebedad76427 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / FACEPE / CAPES / In Brazil, since 2000, approximately 50,000 people are murdered every year. In a span of 30 years (1980 – 2010), more than 1 million homicides were registered. In 2012, the homicide rate in Brazil was 29 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. All Brazilian states exceed the threshold of epidemic established by World Health Organization. In this context, the present study has the objective of to investigate homicides in Recife, taking into account temporal, spatial, environmental, and multicriteria analysis. The temporal analysis shows that the difference of homicides between seasons and months is not statistically significant. However, there is a significant increase in homicides during the weekends (42 percent of all homicides) and evenings (62 percent). Moreover, the spatial results show that the spatial patterns are different within the temporal dimensions in many cases. The findings from spatial analysis reveal that homicides are very concentrated in the city of Recife and in a time span of five years (20092013) all the homicides occurred in less than 10 percent of the street segments. In addition, our test showed that the spatial pattern was not stable over the years. However, when we consider the temporal dimensions (as suggested by temporal analysis), the patterns were stable along the years – except for weekdays and night/dawn. Furthermore, through the environmental analysis, we found that inequality, rented houses, and number of residents have a positive relationship with homicide. On the other hand, income, education, public illumination, population density, and street network density have a negative relationship. The findings of these analyses indicate that homicide in Recife can be understood by the perspective of social disorganization theory and routine activity theory. Finally, multicriteria approach was applied to highlight vulnerable areas to homicide in Recife. We considered six variables to evaluate vulnerability and the areas were identified by PROMETHEE II method and local Moran’s I. Other application was made in Boa Viagem neighborhood, so we were able to perform a more detailed analysis. Three different approaches were tested for Boa Viagem and we suggested some actions in order to reduce criminality in long term. / No Brasil, desde 2000, aproximadamente 50,000 foram mortas todos os anos. Em um espaço de 30 anos (1980 – 2000), mais de 1 milhão de homicídios foram registrados. Em 2012, a taxa de homicídio no Brasil era 29 homicídios para cada 100,000 habitantes. Todos os estados brasileiros excedem o limite de epidemia estabelecido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de investigar os homicídios em Recife, levando em consideração análises temporal, espacial, ambiental e multicritério. A análise temporal mostra que a diferença de homicídios entre estações do ano e meses não é estatisticamente significativa. Porém, existe um aumento significante de homicídios durante os finais de semana (42 por cento de todos os homicídios) e noites (62 por cento). E ainda, os resultados espaciais mostram que os padrões espaciais são diferentes dento das dimensões temporais em muitos casos. Os achados da análise espacial revelam que homicídios são muito concentrados na cidade do Recife e que em um espaço de tempo de cinco anos (2009-2013) todos os homicídios ocorreram em menos de 10 por cento dos segmentos de rua. E ainda, o teste do padrão dos pontos espaciais mostrou que os padrões espaciais não foram estáveis no decorrer dos anos. Porém, quando se considera das dimensões temporais (como sugerido pela análise temporal), os padrões foram estáveis ao longo dos anos – com exceção de dias de semana e noites/madrugadas. Além disso, através da análise ambiental encontrou-se que desigualdade, casas alugadas e número de residentes têm uma relação positiva com homicídio. Por outro lado, renda, educação, iluminação pública, densidade populacional e densidade da rede de ruas têm uma relação negativa. Os achados dessas análises indicam que os homicídios em Recife podem ser entendidos pela perspectiva da teoria da desorganização social e da teoria das atividades de rotina. Finalmente, abordagem multicritério foi aplicada para destacar áreas vulneráveis aos homicídios em Recife. Considerou-se seis variáveis para avaliar a vulnerabilidade e as áreas foram identificados pelo PROMETHEE II e pelo índice local de Moran. Outra aplicação foi feita no bairro de Boa Viagem e foi possível realizar uma análise mais detalhada. Três diferentes abordagens foram testadas para Boa Viagem e sugeriu-se algumas ações no sentido de reduzir a criminalidade no longo prazo.

Il est désormais avéré que les pratiques intensives de production agricole mises en œuvre depuis les années 1960 en Europe, sont responsables de la dégradation des écosystèmes et notamment de la qualité des eaux de surface et souterraines. Afin de respecter les objectifs de résultat définis par la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau à l’échéance 2015, les gestionnaires de la ressource ont désormais ciblés prioritairement la protection des zones d’alimentation des captages. Cela nécessite une évaluation environnementale à une échelle adaptée aux mesures mises en œuvre. Ces éléments expliquent les objectifs de cette thèse, à savoir la contribution au développement de méthodes d’évaluation environnementale des activités agricoles à l’échelle des territoires, en complément de celles déjà existantes. Nous avons ainsi utilisé (i) des méthodes d’analyse et de modélisation multicritère (ELECTRE) combinées avec un système d’information géographique au niveau de petits bassins versants élémentaires de 2 à 5 km2 (sur le bassin de l’Oir, en Basse Normandie, Nord-ouest de la France et celui d’Auradé sur les Coteaux de Gascogne, Sud-ouest de la France) (ii) une approche par modélisation spatiale (dénommée PIXAL) des risques agro-environnementaux en utilisant la télédétection et un SIG, au niveau d'un grand espace à enjeu environnemental de plusieurs milliers de km2, (Coteaux de Gascogne). Dans les deux approches, nous avons montré que la combinaison de critères de vulnérabilité des eaux et de pression agricole choisis de façon pertinente, permettent d’évaluer les risques agro-environnementaux à différents niveaux d’organisation spatiale. L'évaluation à la parcelle agricole (niveau de la prise de décision par les acteurs de terrain) procure une représentation au niveau du bassin versant élémentaire. L'évaluation au pixel de l’image satellitale (Landsat 5-TM) permet une représentation à différents niveaux de bassins versants emboîtés par agrégation. En perspective, un couplage entre un modèle d'analyse multicritère avec un modèle spatial, pourrait permettre d’améliorer la performance de l’évaluation aux différents niveaux de l’action publique ou de terrain et d’apporter des éléments de réponse supplémentaires à la problématique du changement d’échelle spatiale. / There is evidence that intensive farming practices applied in Europe since the 1960s are responsible for the degradation of certain ecosystems, and a reduction in the quality of surface and ground water. Excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilisers and pesticides have led to high concentrations of these substances being found in rivers, thus compromising raw drinking water sources. Soil erosion – caused by simplified crop rotations, feeding livestock on corn instead of grass, and the removal of elements such as embankments, trees, hedges, etc. – has been conducive to the transfer of these particles into surface water. The resulting turbidity has led to the clogging up of spawning grounds, with many negative effects on their biological quality. Complementing existing approaches, this thesis will focus on the development of methods for carrying out territorial environmental analysis of farming activities. For our study, we used (i) a multicriteria analysis and modelling (ELECTRE) combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS) on a selection of small elementary watersheds (ranging in size from 2 km² to 5 km²). These were located in the Oir basin, in Lower Normandy Region, in northwest France, and the Auradé basin, in the hills of Gascony region, southwest. We also employed (ii) a spatial modelling approach (PIXAL) to represent agri-environmental risks. Applied to an environmentally-sensitive area (hills of Gascony region) of several thousand square kilometres, the PIXAL method involved evaluating agri-environmental risks through a combination of remote sensing and GIS. In both cases, we showed that choosing the most relevant criteria allows agri-environmental risks to be assessed at different organisational scales. Analysis at farm plot level (where decisions are made by stakeholders in the field) gives a representation of the elementary watershed. Pixel-based evaluation, using satellite imaging (Landsat TM5), provides a nested multi-aggregation view of different watersheds. Placing this study in perspective, coupling ELECTRE-style multicriteria analysis with a spatial model could be an effective way to improve analysis at different policy-making and territorial scales, as well as providing additional support where assessment needs to switch between those varying scales.

Investigate the use of partial relations for multicriteria reverse auctions. At first, a theoretical framework is introduced. Then, an extension of traditional multicriteria tools is considered. This is referred to as the Butterfly model. Finally, the concept of Bidding Niches partitions is formalized and tested. / Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

RESUME La construction d un systeme financier sain et concurrentiel capable de mobiliser de facon substantielle des hauts niveaux d epargne et l amelioration des normes de supervision bancaire et financier pour assurer la stabilite du systeme sont deux des recommandations souvent faites par les institutions internationales pour permettre aux pays africains de participer pleinement a l expansion de la prosperite mondiale et a beneficier de la globalisation du commerce des services financiers.<p><p>Cette these essaie de trouver les voies et moyens susceptibles de contribuer a l amelioration et au renforcement de la supervision bancaire au Congo, et in fine [le secteur bancaire etant le plus important du systeme financier] permettre l eclosion d un systeme financier moderne et efficace qui rencontre les normes internationales.<p><p>Dans une premiere etape qui consiste en un etat des lieux du systeme financier congolais et en une analyse critique de la gestion bancaire ( chapitre 1 et chapitre 2 ); les analyses :<p>- ressortent les caracteristiques du systeme financier congolais ;<p>- soulignent les contraintes structurelles ayant entrave trois decennies de gestion bancaire ;<p>- evaluent les chances de succes des reformes mises en oeuvre par les autorites;<p>- proposent en des termes generaux, les ameliorations a porter au cadre reglementaire et de supervision du secteur bancaire afin de reduire les imperfections, de renforcer l efficacite et la stabilite du systeme dans son ensemble.<p><p>Dans une seconde etape, un menu plus restreint de propositions faites au terme de l etat des lieux du systeme financier et de l analyse critique de la gestion bancaire est passe en revue. Les contributions de la these dans cette etape consistent :<p>- en la proposition d outils concrets de supervision bancaire pour faire face a la carence d outils de gestion prudentielle preventive ;(chapitre 3)<p>- en recommandations pour ameliorer :la politique de provisionnement des creances et le fonctionnement des institutions de microfinance ;( chapitre 4)<p>- a degager dans une demarche d analyse strategique, les pistes susceptibles de contribuer a l amelioration de la sante et la solidite du systeme financier congolais apres evaluation prealable de sa competitivite (chapitre 5)<p> <p>SUMMARY<p>The construction of an healthy and competitive financial system able to mobilize high levels of saving and the improvement of the standards of banking and financial supervision to ensure the stability of the system are two of the recommendations often made by international institutions to help African countries to take part in the expansion of world prosperity and to profit from the globalization of financial services. <p><p>This thesis tries to find the ways to contribute to the improvement and the reinforcement of the banking supervision in Congo, and in fine [ the banking environment being most significant of the financial system ] to allow the blossoming of a modern and effective financial system which meets international standards. <p><p>In a first stage which consists in an overview of the Congolese financial system and in a critical analysis of the banking management ( chapter 1 & chapter 2) ;our analyses :<p>- release the characteristics of the Congolese financial system ;<p>- underline the structural constraints having blocked three decades of banking management ;<p>- evaluate the chances of success of the reforms implemented by the authorities ;<p>- propose in general terms, the improvements to be carried in order to reduce the imperfections of the banking supervision, to reinforce the effectiveness and the stability of the banking system. <p><p>In the second stage, a more restricted menu of proposals made at the end of the first stage is reviewed. The contributions of the thesis in this stage consist:<p>- in the proposal of concrete tools for banking supervision to face the deficiency of preventive prudential management tools; ( chapter 3)<p>- in recommendations to improve :the policy of provisioning bad debts and the management of Microfinance institutions; (chapter 4)<p>- in an evaluation of the competitiveness of the Congolese financial system and in the identification of ways which can contribute to the improvement of its safety and solidity by using a strategic analysis approach. ( chapter 5)<p><p><p><p><p> / Doctorat en sciences de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished