In recent year, wireless communications systems require transmission of higher and higher data rates to foster various multimedia services. The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas system has been studied to increase wireless channel capacity and reliability. The mutual coupling of MIMO antennas affects the capacity of the wireless channel. Traditionally, the minimal mutual coupling distance between antenna elements needs to be at least one half wavelength. When MIMO antenna system is used in miniature mobile device, the problem of mutual coupling becomes even more serious. In the first part of this thesis we propose a WLAN/WiMAX antenna that can be operated in 2.4 GHz (2.4¡V2.48 GHz) WLAN band; 2.5 GHz (2.5¡V2.7 GHz) and 3.5 GHz (3.4¡V3.7 GHz) WiMAX band. We use the inverted U slot band notch and omega slot band notch to reduce the mutual coupling in MIMO antennas. Our design is able to reduce the mutual coupling to be less than ¡V20 dB in all interested bands. In the second part, we propose a planar WLAN/WiMAX antenna that can be operated in 2.4 GHz (2.4¡V2.48 GHz), 5.2/5.8GHz (5.15-5.35GHz/5.725-5.825GHz) WLAN band; 2.5 GHz (2.5¡V2.7 GHz), 3.5 GHz (3.4¡V3.7 GHz) and 5.5 GHz (5.25-5.85 GHz) WiMAX band and mutual coupling of MIMO antenna is less than ¡V20 dB in all interested bands.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a well-known technique for efficiently increasing bandwidth utilization. However, the implementation of the MIMO receiver with a reasonable hardware cost is a big challenge. Most MIMO receivers exploit minimum mean-square error (MMSE), zero-forcing (ZF) and maximum-likelihood (ML) to detect MIMO signals. Among the detectors, the ZF detector is simple detector with low computational complexity, but lower performance compared to ML decoder, which has huge computational complexity. If the K-Best sphere decoding algorithm (SDA) is adopted, the system complexity can be substantially reduced and the performance can approach that of the ML scheme when the value K is sufficiently large. In this paper, a hard-output MIMO detector is implemented using the K-Best SDA for 4¡Ñ4 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) MIMO detection. The implementation is realized by using a 0.18-£gm CMOS technology. The implementation chip core area is 3.35mm2 with 229K gates, and the decoding throughput is up to 3.12Mb/s with a 25MHz clock rate.

ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / This paper investigates the performance of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital communication system, when the transmitter is located on a spinning vehicle. In particular, a 2x2 MIMO system is used, with Alamouti coding at the transmitter. Both Rayleigh and Rayleigh plus line-of-sight, or Rician, models combined with a deterministic model to simulate the channel. The spinning of the transmitting vehicle, relative to the stationary receive antennas, modulates the signal, and complicates the decoding and channel parameter estimation processes. The simulated system bit error rate is the primary performance metric used. The Alamouti channel code is shown to perform better than the maximal ratio receiver combining (MRRC) and single receiver (2x1) system in some circumstances and performs similarly to the MRRC in the broadside case.

ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / Wireless communication systems may use training signals for the receiver to learn the fading coefficients of the channel. Obtaining channel state information (CSI) at the receiver is often times necessary for the receiver to correctly detect and demodulate transmitted symbols. The type of training signal, the length of time to spend training, and the frequency of training are all important parameters in these types of systems. In this work, we derive an analytic expression for calculating the optimal training parameters for continuously fading channels. We also provide simulation results showing why this training scheme is considered optimal.

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes the design of an inexpensive and scalable transmitter for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication system. The transmitter is intended to be used in aerospace applications, especially in spin stabilized vehicles. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) in the modulator will implement a modified Alamouti space time block code which will take advantage of the cyclostationary nature of the channel to increase the system data rate.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has been receiving increasing attention in recent years due to the dramatic advantages offered by MIMO systems in communications. The amount of energy reflected from a common radar target varies considerably with the observation angle, and these scintillations may cause signal fading which severely degrades the performance of conventional radars. MIMO radar with widely spaced antennas is able to view several aspects of a target simultaneously, which realizes a spatial diversity gain to overcome the target scintillation problem, leading to significantly enhanced system performance. Building on the initial studies presented in the literature, MIMO radar is investigated in detail in this thesis. First of all, a finite scatterers model is proposed, based on which the target detection performance of a MIMO radar system with arbitrary array-target configurations is evaluated and analyzed. A MIMO radar involving a realistic target is also set up, whose simulation results corroborate the conclusions drawn based on theoretical target models, validating in a practical setting the improvements in detection performance brought in by the MIMO radar configuration. Next, a hybrid bistatic radar is introduced, which combines the phased-array and MIMO radar configurations to take advantage of both coherent processing gain and spatial diversity gain simultaneously. The target detection performance is first assessed, followed by the evaluation of the direction finding performance, i.e., performance of estimating angle of arrival as well as angel of departure. The presented theoretical expressions can be used to select the best architecture for a radar system, particularly when the total number of antennas is fixed. Finally, a novel two phase radar scheme involving signal retransmission is studied. It is based on the time-reversal (TR) detection and is investigated to improve the detection performance of a wideband MIMO radar or sonar system. Three detectors demanding various amounts of a priori information are developed, whose performance is evaluated and compared. Three schemes are proposed to design the retransmitted waveform with constraints on the transmitted signal power, further enhancing the detection performance with respect to the TR approach.

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

A method of controller design for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is needed that will not give the high order controllers of modern control theory but will be more systematic than the “ad hoc” method. The objective of this method of design for multiple input multiple output systems is to find a controller of fixed order with performance specifications taken into consideration. An inner approximation of the stabilizing set is found through the algorithm discussed in Keel and Bhattacharyya’s "Fixed order multivariable controller synthesis: A new algorithm." The set satisfying the performance is then approximated through one of two algorithms; a hybrid of two optimization algorithms or the grid algorithm found in Lampton’s "Reinforcement Learning of a Morphing Airfoil-Policy and Discrete Learning Analysis." The method is then applied to five models of four aircraft; Commander 700, X-29, X-38, and F-5A using controllers of first and second orders.

This thesis evaluates the benefits of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques on the capacity of Multimode Fiber (MMF) links. Optical MMF MIMO systems take advantage of the spatial diversity present in the multiple propagating paths in multimode fibers. By using multiple lasers at the input facet of the fiber and multiple photodetectors at the output, we show that the capacity of the link is improved from the single device link, hence demonstrating the usefulness of MIMO in such optical systems. An initial simulation of butt-coupling a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) to multimode fiber reveals that the placement position of the laser axis with respect to the fiber axis is critical in exciting a large number of modes. More specifically, we show that there exists a tradeoff between total power coupled into the fiber and the number of modes launched. We then consider a mathematical description of the fiber channel and use it to simulate the capacity of a 1x1, 2x2, and 3x3 MIMO links over a statistical ensemble of channel realizations. This simulation reveals that a 2x2 system is capable of approximately a 50% increase in capacity over the 1x1 case while the 3x3 system is capable of approximately an 80% increase. Moreover, we show that the choice of the placement positions on the facets of the fiber affects the channel capacity, thereby implying that an optimal device position exists. We find the optimal device geometry by an exhaustive search and compare the capacities for the optimal geometry and that of a suboptimal one. A capacity tolerance study is then developed that considers perturbations about the optimal device locations and shows that the capacity of a rotated laser plane is over 90% of the capacity of the original device locations. A second perturbation study considers lateral offsets and shows that systems with a higher number of devices show good tolerance with poorer lateral tolerances for systems with less devices. When small lasers and a large grid of possible device locations are used, an exhaustive search for the optimal device location becomes computationally infeasible. We show that the problem of searching for the optimal detector locations while holding the laser positions fixed is submodular. This property allows a greedy algorithm to select the device positions at a small fraction of the computational complexity, however, only guaranteeing that the capacity of the resulting configuration is greater than a (1 - e^-1) fraction of the optimal configuration. We use this technique to compare the exhaustive search and the greedy search for coarse grids, and then exclusively use the greedy algorithm to select a device configuration for a fine grid whereby an exhaustive search is computationally infeasible. / text

This paper presents the investigations into the performance of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with its transmitters on a spinning vehicle and no available channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter or the receiver. The linear least squares approach is used to estimate the channel and the estimation error is measured. Spinning gives rise to a periodic component in the channel which can be estimated based on the spin rate relative to the data rate of the system. It is also determined that spinning causes the bit error rate of the system to degrade by a few dB.