Atliekų valdymo problema šiandien aktuali daugeliui ES valstybių, įgyvendinančių ES atliekų valdymo politiką. LR dar tik žengia pirmuosius žingsnius, pertvarkydama atliekų valdymo sistemą. Atliekų tvarkymas įstatymuose apibrėžiamas priemonė, bet ne kaip nuoseklus valdymo procesas. Tai sukelia nesusipratimų valdžios struktūrose. Didžiausia atsakomybė tenka savivaldybėms, jos įgyvendina atliekų tvarkymą tiesiogiai, o valdymo klausimus turinčios spręsti valdžios institucijos, dubliuodamos viena kitos veiklą, nepriima radikalių sprendimų, kurie šiandien jau būtini. Tvirtas požiūris į šią problemą ir raginimas kurti atliekų deginimą buvo išsakytas ir pačios prezidentės Dalios Grybauskaitės 2009 m. rugsėjo 2d, Kaune vykusiame susitikime su Kauno miesto savivaldybės vadovais, raginusios greitu metu imtis veiklos, kadangi žinoma, jog LR yra remiama ES, yra ir įsipareigojusi ES. Išanalizuotos direktyvos, įstatymai, planai, ataskaitos įgalina teigti, kad būtinas valdančių struktūrų greitas sprendimų priėmimas ir tikslų įgyvendinimas, apibrėžiant įstatymuose tiksliau institucijų pareigas ir užduotis, imantis sukauptų atliekų gyvavimo ciklo pratęsimo, įvertinant LR valstybės piliečių sąmoningumą atliekų tvarkyme (diegiamos naujovės įsitvirtina negreitai, o atliekos kaupiasi sparčiai). / Waste management problem in today's relevant for many EU countries to comply with EU waste management policy. Republic of Lithuania yet just takes its first steps in restructuring of the waste management system. Waste management legislation is defined as a tool rather than as a management process. This leads to misunderstandings inside power structures. The main responsibility lies with the municipalities, they implement waste management directly, and the authorities having to address governance issues, duplicating each other's activities does not accept radical solutions, which today are essential. Robust approach to this problem and call for the incineration of waste has been expressed by president Dalia Grybauskaite on 2009 September 2nd at a meeting with Kaunas municipality heads, she called in short time to take action, since it is known that RL is supported by the EU, is committed to the EU. Analyzed directives, laws, plans, reports allows to assert that the rapid decision-making and implementation of the objectives is necessary for managing structures, defining duties and tasks of the authorities more precisely, through the extension of the life cycle of the waste generated, taking the RL state citizens' awareness of waste management (innovation far from gaining ground, and waste builds up quickly).

The main objective of my dissertation was to ascertain the major trends and effectiveness of municipal waste management of the waste that is produced by individual municipalities with extended powers in the region of Vysočina. I mainly focus on the expenses related to the waste management that are paid from municipal budgets.

My thesis is aimed at the possiblities of collecting and utilizing the biodegradable component of municipal waste in the specific environment of České Budějovice. The thesis includes a proposal to construct a municipal biogas plant to decrease the volume of mixed municipal waste. The goal of this part of the thesis is to compare expected costs and income of the project and determine the general economic indicators and evaluate the investment, so that the project can be either fully recommended or rejected.

The thesis deals with composting and ways of handling biodegradable waste and biodegradable municipal waste. It explains the terms related to composting and processing of BW and BMW and clarifies the difference between humus and primary organic matter and its composition. Furthermore, the thesis covers qualitative and quantitative features of compost, raw material composition of the dump, and factors influencing the process of decomposition itself. The practical part of the thesis describes the quality of the compost from the municipal composting plant Písek. This part also includes a description of the composting plant and a description of the composting process. The main part and the goal of the thesis is to determine the ion-exchange capacity T according to Sandhoff and to suggest the optimal composting technology in the Municipal composting plant Písek.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1766611 bytes, checksum: 1073d8eb94bf6d06b0b739d161296879 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-20 / Each individual recognizes, reacts and responds differently, depending on the environment. These responses or events are therefore a result of perceptions, cognitive processes, judgments and expectations of each individual. The study of environmental perception is critical to help us better understand the interrelationships between human being and the environment in which we live, our expectations, satisfactions and dissatisfactions, values and behaviors. The result is that there is a better understanding of this relationship and allow human to developed efficient ways to retrieve the methodological gaps and problems arising out of the man versus environment relationship. Aiming to elucidate more about this relationship, we sought to verify the environmental perception of the population of Desterro do Melo, about the importance and impact of municipal solid waste. For this purpose, we conducted field work in the city where residents were asked to answer a structured questionnaire on the subject, the population was divided into municipal, housewives or responsible for home and students, the response obtained from the first group (municipal) was used to build a municipal selective collection program, the response of the second group (students), was used build an alternative methodological program content offered by formal education. The questionnaire was answered by 313 homes and showed important conceptual flaws related to solid disposal management, demonstrating the need for leveling concepts about this subject. At school the questionnaires were submitted to students from 5th to 9th year in elementary school and 1st to 3rd year in high schools, totalizing 356 questionnaires, of this total, 268 corresponded to elementary school students and 88 to high school students. The pattern of responses in all levels of elementary school were similar, allowing to group responses indicating that the relationship between years of study and environmental knowledge is not linear, often high school students had higher lags of the environmental knowledge compared to elementary students, highlighting the gaps in environmental education in formal education which enabled the construction of methodological alternatives that seek the inclusion of environmental content in education / Cada indivíduo percebe, reage e responde diferentemente frente às ações sobre o meio. As respostas ou manifestações são, portanto, resultado das percepções, dos processos cognitivos, julgamentos e expectativas de cada indivíduo. O estudo da percepção ambiental é fundamental para que possamos compreender melhor as inter-relações entre o homem e o ambiente no qual vive, suas expectativas, satisfações e insatisfações, valores e condutas. Fazendo assim com que haja uma melhor compreensão deste relacionamento e permitindo que sejam desenvolvidas formas metodológicas eficientes para recuperar as defasagens e problemas advindos da relação homem X ambiente. Objetivando elucidar mais sobre esse relacionamento, buscou-se verificar a percepção ambiental, da população do município mineiro Desterro do Melo, acerca da importância e impactos dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Para tal, foi realizado um trabalho de campo onde os moradores do município foram convidados a responder um questionário estruturado sobre à temática, a população foi dividida em municipal, donas de casa ou responsáveis pela residência e estudantil, sendo que a resposta obtida com os primeiros foram utilizadas para a construção do programa de coleta seletiva municipal e a resposta do segundo grupo, os estudantes, foi utilizada para a construção de alternativas metodológicas do conteúdo programático oferecido pelo ensino formal. O questionário foi respondido por 313 residências e demonstrou importantes falhas conceituais relacionadas com a gestão dos resíduos sólidos, demonstrando a necessidade de nivelamento de conceitos sobre este assunto. Na escola os questionários foram aplicados aos alunos do 5º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental e nas três séries do ensino médio, totalizando 356 questionários, deste total, 268 corresponderam aos estudantes do ensino fundamental e 88 as três séries do ensino médio. O padrão de respostas em todas as séries do ensino fundamental foram semelhantes, possibilitando o agrupamento das respostas indicando assim que a relação entre anos de estudos e conhecimento ambiental não é linear, muitas vezes os alunos do ensino médio apresentaram maiores defasagens do conhecimento ambiental do que os alunos do ensino fundamental, evidenciando as lacunas da formação ambiental no ensino formal o que possibilitou a construção de alternativas metodológicas que buscam a inserção do conteúdo ambiental no ensino.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the logistic processes in the processing of municipal waste in the company Local Enterprise in Hluboká nad Vltavou. Describe the business and analyze its decision-making issues. Then analyze the current situation and propose changes to apply optimization methods through a special computer program. The conclusion of the thesis is a concrete proposal of route optimization to improve the current situation of the company, which will lead to a positive economic effect on logistics of waste processing.

Diploma graduation thesis deals with analytical tool called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Paper explains this analytic tool and focuses on its possible application in municipal decision-making process. Thesis carries out specific application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) targeted towards disposal of mixed municipal waste collected from Frýdek-Místek city. Municipal waste management issues are mentioned in relation with Frýdek-Místek and year 2007. The aim is to analyze nowadays landfilling of mixed municipal waste done in Frýdek-Místek and to examine the possibility of incineration of mixed municipal waste in order to reach minimal total environmental impacts. The paper offers improvement suggestions based on extensive LCA study.

Although there is, in general, a significant level of support of projects related to use of renewable resources, in fact realization of the specific projects usually meets with negative attitude of local residents. This negative attitude is often called as NIMBY ("not in my backyard") effect without further research of particular causes. Therefore, in the theoretical part of this diploma thesis NIMBY effect is defined, as well as various attitudes to its interpretation in literature and also the effect of various compensation on changing residents' attitude. In the practical part, this diploma thesis analyses residents' attitude, the existence and strength of NIMBY effect and the effect of compensation on changing residents attitude towards the specific planned project of building WtE in Karviná city (KIC). The results of this analyzation show, that NIMBY effect is detected, but at the same time it is not the main cause of the negative attitude of residents. Moreover, it has been found out, that the offered compensation have not any important influence on the change of residents' attitude.

This thesis deals with processing of real data regarding waste collection. It describes select parts of the fields of statistical tests, identification of outliers, correlation analysis and linear regression. This theoretical basis is applied through the programming language Python to process the data into a form suitable for creating linear models. Final models explain between 70 \% and 85 \% variability. Finally, the information obtained through this analysis is used to specify recommendations for the waste management company.

The topic of the diplome thesis is draft of the waste-to-energy plant for municipal waste with cogeneration of heat. Basic specification of project: Waste-to-Energy plant is facilitated by two rotary kilns of type operating in parallel. Further flue gas leaving the post-combustor enters a multicyclone unit to separate substatial portion of fly-ash. Heat of flue gas at the temperature of 1000°C generates superheated steam in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). Dry sorption process is appllied for flue gas treatment. Specifically sodium bi-carbonate is used for it. Products of reactions and remnants of dust are separated by a baghouse. Superheated steam, generated by two HRSG, presents the inlet stream of a condensing steam turbine with steam extraction. The diploma thesis contains calculation of major devices and basic economical and financial statement of project.