Mathematics and science form an integral part people’s daily lives. South African people suddenly find themselves on a technological highway, where mathematical, scientific and creative thinking as well as problem solving skills take centre stage. However many people fear these, and believe that they are unable to tackle them. Mathematics and science educators therefore have need to have knowledge and understanding regarding 6 the foundation of the teaching of these subjects in the intermediate and senior phases at schools. This should enable them to contribute positively towards changing people’s perceptions about these subjects. Based on the above information I felt it imperative for me to investigate the impact of shortages of maths and science educators with special reference to the Buffalo City Area. Purpose of the study: 1 To determine whether schools are able to attract and retain qualified maths and science educators, 2 To identify the quantity of quality maths and science learners schools are able to produce for tertiary education, 3 To investigate the rate of turnover of maths and science educators, 4 To identify the number of maths and science learners who are willing to study maths and science at tertiary level and thereafter join the teaching fraternity.

The graduation thesis concerns on questions of financial management of municipal waste in municipality Dacice. Profits and costs, related to waste management, are analyzed. Relevant economic theories are presented in the first chapter. Consequent chapters describe economic instruments and legislative regulation of waste policy in Czech Republic. The practical application of the theoretical findings is presented in the final chapter. Pursuant to analysis of waste management the deficiencies are mentioned and recommendations are given.

This Thesis describes municipalities in Czech Republic, their authorities, budget system, budget revenues and budget spendings. The Thesis analyses the insolvency of municipalities of all Czech Republic from 1993 and insolvency of three municipalities - České Budějovice, Český Krumlov, Dolní Třebonín.

The purpose of the thesis is to analyse subsidies system of municipalities in Czech Republic. The thesis examines needs and development of municipalities in the context with their financing. The theoretical part defines the basic terms relating to municipal revenues with orientation on subsidies. Furthemore, it analyzes and evaluates possibilities of acquiring of subsidies and their subsequent usage. In the process of obtaining these financial resources procedural requirements and some principles must be complied. Due usage of subsudies is controlled afterwards. Folowing part of my thesis on the base of analysis and comparison of a few concrete municipalities with different size provides information on methods that municipalities use to obtain subsidies, how effective they are in using them, whether the subsidies are sufficient and how they affect needs and development of municipalities. In the conclusion my thesis evaluates whether bigger municipalities, in comparison with smaller ones, are more succesful in aquiring of subsidies and what is the effect of this successfulness on the standard of provided services by municipalities that are different in size and whether this standard of publicly provided services is identical.

Today, prevention of food waste is an ongoing topic in academic debates and on the political agenda because it has impacts on the environment, the economy and the society. In municipalities, it means that reduction strategies and monitoring programmes should be developed. The aim of this study was to examine what strategies the municipalities in Sweden are using to reduce their food waste and which tools they need to be able to work with food waste reduction in an efficient way in the future. The study is building on a questionnaire that was sent out by e-mail to all the municipalities in Sweden. The results showed that municipalities that had developed goals and strategies more often were working with food waste reduction than municipalities lacking goals and strategies. The results also showed that municipalities that had staff assigned to work with food waste questions also more often (actively) worked with food waste reduction. Today, only a few percent of the municipalities are having a collaboration with other municipalities in order to work with food waste reduction. A guiding document should be developed and it should include strategies with clear goals for how the reduction of food waste could be conducted, a time plan for when the goals should be achieved and a reference value for how much the food waste should be reduced.

The thesis deals with the budget of the town of Mělník. The thesis is aimed at analysing the development of budgets in the years 2003 - 2015, and ascertaining the major determinants affecting these budgets. Besides, the thesis uses the town`s balance sheets, and describes the development of property and indebtedness ratio of the town of Mělník. The theoretical part is concerned with local governments and their budget creation, and also describes municipal property and funding possibilities. The practical part analyses budgets, revenues and expenses thereof, as well as the balance sheets showing Mělník`s property and indebtedness. On the basis of the data from the budget and balance sheet development, a medium-term outlook for the town`s economic activity was created.

The subject of my thesis is to analyze the predictions of tax revenues in ten municipalities of comparable size. The main aim of my thesis is to evaluate the accuracy of predictions for selected municipal tax revenues and see if you can not refine their expert estimation using appropriate statistical methods. A sub-goal is to characterize in detail the various components of the budget revenues, and analyze their size and structure in selected municipalities. Another important sub-goal is to compare the communities to highlight their differences and common elements of municipal budget process. These information are based on interviews at municipalities. The result of the analysis is that the optimal use of prediction methods differ not only income from income, but from city to city. For income tax paid by employees appeared in some cases, reliable prediction of the city, in other cities it was exponential smoothing. For the tax on personal income from independent activities is clearly the most accurate regression analysis, which refines the prognosis of this tax by up to several tens of percent. Although the error of prediction of the city in property taxes was none too small, this approach has remained the most accurate. Only three cities have been more accurate by using exponential smoothing.

This paper discusses in its first section fiscal decentralization and in detail describes reform steps in Slovak republic and allocation of income from taxes between budgets of government and local governments. Second part compares Act on property tax Law No. 317/1992 Coll. and Act on local taxes No. 582/2004 Coll. Main part of chapter is focused on analysis of economy situation of chosen cities and competences, which cities used in period 2006 -- 2011. Third part review this conclusions and analysis cities' behavior.

This thesis deals with the economic review by local governments. The aim of this diploma thesis is to descripe economic review of municipalities in the theoretical part. In the practical part is carried out economic review of the town Stráž.

The diploma thesis deals with the proposal and succeeding implementation of the municipal information portal for the municipality of Radošov. It takes into account legal specifications for information providing and publishing in the public administration and also some current trends in the websites development. The thesis also contains a critical evaluation of the present state of the municipality official website.