The representation of the national minorities of Hungary in the historiography of the dualistic era (1867-1918) Imre Tarafás Abstract One of the most problematic questions of Hungarian politics during the dualistic era (1867-1918) was the policy towards national minorities. The population of five nationalities reached or even exceeded one million each. These minorities were not only large in population, but they were also touched by nationalist ideologies, as a result, they declared themselves nations which the Hungarian legislation was not willing to accept. In addition, most of these minorities had federative, or even separatist aims. The 19th century also saw the birth of history as a scientific discipline. Professional historians all over Europe had a crucial task: by construction a national history narrative, they had to legitimize the existence of their nation. This meant that the pas had to be presented as a process which inevitably led to the formation of the 19th century's nation sate. Additionally, history served as a basis for both the Magyars and the nationalities in their argumentation. The central question of the paper is how Magyar historians integrated the national minorities of the country into a national history narrative. The problem is studied in five syntheses on Hungarian history...

The following thesis in library- and information science is a qualitative, comparative analysis of the relationship between the minority populations in Sweden and Finland and the library. The objective with the thesis is to investigate how the state is working to promote minority groups at the library and what lead to today’s situation. The investigation starts, as regards time, with the European charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which was published 1992 and ends with the establishment of the Swedish library law 2014. The method that is used will be a comparative analysis that aims to compare Sweden and Finland. The study is based on Edmund Dahlströms theories regarding ideologies and politics that have been ruling society’s social and legal framework for minorities. The analysis consists of one chapter where both comparison and conclusions are included. It’s discovered that Sweden and Finland have a similar legislation regarding minority languages, with the exception that Finland doesn’t have a universal legislation for the national minorities and therefore, to a degree, excludes the territorially boundless minorities. This is also the case in their library law. Sweden has in their new library law a paragraph where the national minorities are included. This despite the fact that Finland had a system for national minorities before Sweden, who started working towards that first until after the European charted had been decreed.

No / In the wake of the First World War, at a time marked by the rise of national self-determination and government based on majoritarian democracy, national minorities emerged as a controversial socio-political issue and significantsecurity challenge in Europe. Thisessay examines how leading statesmen and League of Nations officialconceptualised and shaped the international minority protection regime in Geneva, which extended primarily to the new states in Central and Eastern Europe. Equally, it addresses how “national minorities” understood their own position in Europe and their relationship to the League. Thecase is made that members of both minority and majority populations (the latter including statesmen and League officialsdid not inhabit the same psychological space in the 1920s, with the result being that the minority question remained a proverbial time bomb ticking at the heart of international relations.

The analysis of the literature and results of research allow to formulate the following conclusions: the national politics of Lithuania helps to keep to national minorities identity, to be integrated into economic and cultural life of the country. There is a line of the documents regulating the rights of national minorities. Schools of national minorities give enough attention to civic education. It is proved with the analysis of documents of education and the analysis of the contents of education. National minorities of Lithuania have favorable conditions not only for keeping identity, integration into cultural and economic life of the country, but also for civil education of youth. The most effective form of citizenship education is the lesson “Me and the World” (it 59 % of pupils and 56 % of teachers have specified). 49 % of pupils consider that to be the good citizen to them helps conversations with the teacher. During research of understanding by pupils of concept about “the good citizen” we have found out, that the good citizen is that men, who will always protect the country (so 32 % think). 66 % of pupils think, that become the good citizen is important not because of opinion of other people, and for the sake of itself. It specifies strong motivation of pupils to be active citizens in future. It has been found out, that 68 % of teachers have opinion what to teach civic education important from 1 class because all pupils of initial classes should be interested in the... [to full text]

The master graduation paper analyses the subject “Implementation of the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the protection of National Minorities by the Republic of Lithuania”. The goal of the graduation paper is to define implementation problems of the Framework Convention and to find possible solutions. At the first chapter a problem of defining a national minority in the international law and domestic law of the Republic of Lithuania is discussed. Since there is no definition of a national minority in the international law, it is being identified through analysis of international documents, traveaux préparatoires, expert opinions and doctrine. It is also analysed, if a notion in the domestic law is compatible with a conception in the international law. At the second chapter the main provisions of the Framework Convention are overviewed. Rights and freedoms of persons belonging to national minorities are analysed according to the case-law of the Advisory Committee of Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. Due to this analysis the main problems of implementation of the Framework Convention by Member States are identified. Moreover, the best practises according to the opinion of the Advisory Committee are presented, which may be used while protecting national minorities in Lithuania. At the third chapter implementation of the Framework Convention by the Republic of Lithuania is discussed. According to the analysis of the Advisory Committee the main problems of... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas - atskleisti teisinio ugdymo ypatumus tautinių mažumų mokyklose. Tyrimo objektas - tautinės mažumos mokyklos mokinių rašinių analizė teisinio ugdymo aspektu. Tikslui pasiekti vadovautasi moksline ir metodine literatūra, naudotas kokybinis tyrimo metodas – rašinių analizė. Darbo uždaviniai: 1) Išnagrinėti teisinio ugdymo ir tautinių mažumų sampratas; 2) Apžvelgti pagrindinius įstatymus, reglamentuojančius tautinių mažumų mokyklų teisinį švietimą; 3) Ištirti mokinių teisinį sąmoningumą rašto darbuose. Pirmoje dalyje išnagrinėtos ugdymo bei teisinio ugdymo sąvokos. Taip pat analizuojami teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys teisinį ugdymą. Antroje dalyje aptarta tautinių mažumų sąvoka ir išanalizuoti dokumentai, reglamentuojantys tautinių mažumų švietimą. Trečioje dalyje analizuojami mokinių rašiniai teisinio ugdymo aspektu. Darbą apibendrina išvados, teigiančios, kad tautinių mažumų mokiniai laiko save Lietuvos piliečiais. Jų pilietinė savimonė remiasi teisės normomis, galiojančiomis šalyje. / The aim of work – to reveal peculiarities of legal education at national minorities school. The object of this work – national minorities schoolchild’s analysis of an essay by legal education aspect. Scientific and methodical literature was going to reach the aim, was used a qualitative research – essays analysis. Tasks of the work: 1) To scrutinize the terms of legal education and national minorities; 2) To review the main laws which regulates the legal education of the school of national minorities; 3) To explore schoolchild’s consciousness at written work. The first part of this paper explore the terms of the education and legal education. Besides, will be analysed the legislation of legal education. The second part tries to scrutinize the term of national minority and to review the main laws which regulates the legal education of the school of national minorities. The third part explores an essays of schoolchild’s by legal education aspect. Conclusions of this work state that the national minorities schoolchild believe themselves as the citizens of Lithuania. Their civil self-consciousness is in conformity with the rules initiated in State.

This essay is an attempt to explain and assess the liberal nationalists’ view on the problems of the legitimacy of nationalism and cultural rights. I want to look at some theories over the past fifteen years that normatively evaluate ‘nationalism’ according to the liberal principles. The main focus of the first part will be on three questions, which are: the question of legitimacy (is nationalism permissible?), the question of justice (is nationalism required?), and the question of appropriate format (what forms of nationalism and nationalistic policies are considered as legitimate and just?). In the second part, by considering the alleged conflict between the ‘minority nation-building’ and the ‘majority nation-building’ in multination countries, I will examine two models for resolving this conflict: ‘Multinational Federalism’ and ‘Transnational Federalism’. I will argue that, though most liberal nationalists support the former model, they fail to provide a convincing normative ground for justifying Multinational Federalism and stopping national minorities from secession. The liberal nationalists’ arguments for necessity of nationalism, ironically, undermine their own claim about normative importance of Multinational Federalism in comparison to Transnational Federalism. This is what I call ‘the paradox of liberal nationalism’. / Thesis (Master, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2007-10-09 00:53:12.467

Elever i den svenska grundskolan ska enligt 1994 års läroplan inhämta ”kunskaper om de nationella minoriteternas kultur, språk, religion och historia”. För att skolorna ska kunna fullfölja detta uppdrag krävs det att läroböckerna tar upp frågor om den samiska kulturen och samernas levnadsförhållanden på ett korrekt och mångsidigt sätt. En granskning gjord av Statens Institut för Läromedel (SIL) 1990 beträffande hur de samiska förhållandena behandlas i läromedel i de samhällsorienterande ämnena visade på stora brister – samerna var i stort sätt osynliga i dessa läroböcker. Föreliggande projekt är en inventering och analys av läromedel i årskurs F-6 i historia, totalt 11 läroböcker utgivna på 7 förlag. Syftet var att ta reda på om samerna åskådliggörs i de svenska läromedlena i historia, samt att kartlägga i vilken utsträckning samerna fanns med och om innehållet uppfyller kraven och målen i Lpo 94 samt kursplanen för historia. Ett försök att skatta texternas relevans har gjorts. Med relevant innehåll avses här fakta som ligger i linje med samt ger eleverna en möjlighet att uppfylla målen i läroplanen och kursplanen för ämnet historia. Resultatet av analysen har jämförts med den granskning som Statens institut för läromedel (SIL) utförde 1990. Jämförelsen visar på vissa skillnader som innebär en utveckling till det bättre. Trots detta är huvudintrycket att många av de brister som påtalades då kvarstår i dagens läromedel. I den mån läroböckerna tog upp de samiska frågorna, var informationen om hur samerna levde förr sporadisk och innehållet om hur samerna lever idag ännu magrare. Samernas kultur framstår som exotiskt och oföränderligt samt romantiserat. Innehållet har även en kraftig slagsida mot rennäringen men inget nämns om den kris som rennäringen har gått igenom. Det lidande och förtryck som samerna varit utsatta för genom historien är osynligt i de granskade läromedlen, om de mot förmodan tar upp förtrycket ges det en ytterst liten plats av det totala innehållet. Den samiska historien är till stor del en dold historia och analysen visar att samerna fortfarande är en osynlig folkgrupp i ämnet historia precis som SIL rapporten visade 1990. / Students in the Swedish nine-year compulsory school, should according to the 1994 curriculum obtain, “ knowledge about the national minorities culture, language, religion and history”. For the schools to complete this commission it demands that the textbooks bring up questions about the Lappish culture and the Lappish living conditions in a correct and multifaceted way. A perusal maid by the Governments Institution for textbooks and teaching aids (SIL) 1990 concerning the Lappish conditions handles in the textbooks and teaching aids in the social studies subjects showed big lacks – the Lappish were pretty much invisible in these books. In case project is an inventory and analysis of the textbooks in the grade F-6 in history, a total of 11 textbooks on 7 publishing houses.The purpose was to find out how the Lappish are illustrated in the Swedish textbooks in history, and survey in which extent the Lappish was included and if the contents of the books fullfil the requirements and goals in LPfö 94 and in the syllabus of history. One attempt to estimate the relevance of the texts has been done. With relevance content refers here to facts that lies in line with and gives the pupils a possibility to fullfil the goals in the curriculum and in the syllabus for the subject of history. The result of the analysis has been compared with the review that the Governments Institution for textbooks and teaching aids (SIL) made in 1990. The comparison showed some differences which involves a development to the better. Despite this the main impression is that many of the lacks which are criticized still remains in the textbooks and teaching aids of today.For as long as the textbooks brought up the questions about the Lappish, the information was how the Lappish used to live in former times sporadic and the contents about how the Lappish lives today even thinner. The culture of the Lappish appears as exotic and unchangeable and romantic. The contents has also a powerful one-sided against the reindeer industry but nothing has been mention about the crise that the reindeer industry has been through. The suffering and oppression that the Lappish has been vulnerable by through the history is invisible in the review textbooks and teaching aids, and if they in contrary to expectation bring up the oppression it gives an extremely small place of the total contents. The Lappish history is to a large part a concealed history and the analysis shows that the Lappish still is an invisible ethnic group in the subject history just as the rapport that was made by the SIL showed in 1990.

Yes / Many members of Europe’s national minorities had particularly terrible experiences during the First World War. This article examines how three ethnic German minority activists from the Baltic region responded to those dreadful years by, subsequently, presenting themselves as peace campaigners promoting a novel model for multi-ethnic society. They promoted ideas such as the ‘a-national state’ and ‘cultural autonomy’ at both national and international levels, not least in the hope of influencing the League of Nations. To what extent should they be accepted as early peacebuilders? / British Academy

<p>The Serbs are a national group which has been disliked by the Croats for hundreds of years. Even before Croatia became a part of Yugoslavia, the country wanted its independence. However, before and after the break up of Yugoslavia, there was a strong nationalism in the country which led to hatred towards the Serbs and the Serb minorities in Croatia. Studies have shown that minorities often are disfavoured by the majority decisions. This leads to a disadvantageous position for the minorities in the relation to the majority. The problem is how a state should compensate these groups for their disadvantageous position to be able to ensure justice and equality for all citizens within the country.</p><p>The aim of this thesis is to compare Croatia’s formal national minority rights with the actual national minority rights of the Serbs and to see whether they coincide with each other. The research questions are:</p><p>• What formal minority rights do Croatian Serbs have in Croatia?</p><p>• What minority rights do Croatian Serbs have in reality?</p><p>The method used in this study is the qualitative text analysis.</p><p>The conclusion of this thesis is that Croatia has a positive attitude towards minority rights and the Serb minority, as Croatia has allocated group-differentiated rights to its national minorities. The Croatian view upon national minority rights coincides to a large extent with Will Kymlicka´s theory. Furthermore, the formal rights and the virtual rights regarding education, language, culture and proportional representation coincides to a great extent if not precisely.</p>