This thesis is focused on the study of sorption of radionuclide 85 Sr in soil collected in the area of a nuclear power plant Temelín. A single-batch method experiment was used when a solution of radionuclide 85 Sr of known activity was added to the soil. The experiments focussed on the influence of pH with the size of the sorption and the influence of the time of the contact of the solution with the sorption. During the experiment with the value of pH closest to the pH of underground water from the nuclear power plant Temelín, the sorption of soil was somewhere between 31 to 44 %. When the time influence on the sorption was examined, radionuclide 85 Sr was sorbed very quickly. For the comparison of the sorption size in connection with the time, for which it was chosen 120 minutes, the sorption was almost constant, reaching 40 to 48 %. Key words Radioactivity, radionuclide 85 Sr, sorption, nuclear power plant Temelín

The process of environmental impact assessment is a control procedure that aims to summarize and evaluate the impact of a project on the environment at the stage of project planning and thus to reduce its potential negative impacts in the future. One of the main ideas of the EIA process is to avoid since the very beginning problems and confrontation which would otherwise appear in the future in connection with the planned project. This principle is particularly important in cases of transboundary assessment where communication between countries and joint consultations on the project in its early stages of planning might prevent potential conflicts and disruption of mutual relations in the future resulting from an already implemented plan. The cornerstone of a transboundary assessment is the understanding that the harmful effects of a specific project do not stop at the borders of one state, but can reach a territory of many other countries, mutual cooperation in this subject is thus with regard to environmental protection necessary. The necessity of such a cooperation on one hand, as well as its pitfalls and difficulties on the other hand, are illustrated in the case of transboundary EIA between the Czech Republic and Austria, that is specifically in the case of the construction of the nuclear power plant...

O presente trabalho objetiva refletir sobre a comunicação da área nuclear no Brasil na perspectiva dos profissionais responsáveis por realizá-la. Dado que a comunicação do setor acontece no âmbito público e trata de temáticas associadas a risco, ela é investigada na óptica da comunicação pública e da comunicação de risco, sobre o que também reflete este trabalho, além de lidar com os elementos da cultura brasileira presentes no processo comunicacional. Nesse contexto, observou-se a presença de mitos da comunicação de risco e o alinhamento da percepção por parte das organizações com as políticas de comunicação eficaz de risco específicas da área nuclear. O método do estudo realizado é caracterizado por ser de tipo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados primários, feita por meio de entrevista com escolha de amostra não-probabilística e com análise de conteúdo categorial. Entrevistaram-se oito profissionais sêniores das áreas técnica, de gestão e de comunicação de três organizações da área nuclear - CNEN, Eletronuclear e IPEN - entre outubro de 2015 e março de 2016, presencialmente e por telefone. Como resultados principais, foram encontrados a pluralidade de conceitos de risco para os diferentes entrevistados, bem como de públicos identificados como estratégicos para o estabelecimento ou estreitamento de relacionamento por parte das organizações e a diversidade de porta-vozes apontados como ideais responsáveis pela comunicação. Houve apontamentos tanto na direção de uma comunicação dialógica, ideal, quanto unidirecional, de transmissão de mensagens cunhadas pelas organizações para assimilação por parte do público, apesar das constantes referências a transparência e clareza. A presença do mito da comunicação de risco de que a área trata de assuntos muito complexos para o entendimento do público e do traço cultural do brasileiro de postura de espectador também foi marcante, tal qual a percepção de que a aceitação pública da energia nuclear é uma das principais barreiras para a comunicação com a sociedade, que segue com medo desta área ainda desconhecida. Com esses resultados, visa-se a contribuir com o Brasil no apoio aos agentes públicos do setor na tomada de decisão em relação ao estabelecimento de estratégias e planos de comunicação para o melhor relacionamento com os diferentes segmentos da sociedade brasileira. / This study aims to reflect on the communication held by the nuclear sector in Brazil in the perspective of the professionals responsible for it. As the industry\'s communication takes place in the public environment and deals with issues associated with risk, it is investigated from the viewpoint of public communication and risk communication, on which also reflects this work, in addition to dealing with the elements of the Brazilian culture present in the process. In this context, there was observed the presence of risk communication myths and the alignment of perception by organizations with the effective risk communication policies specifically designed for the nuclear field. The research method is characterized by being descriptive, with qualitative approach, with collection of primary data made through interviews with non-probability sampling and categorical content analysis. There were interviewed eight senior technical, management and communication professionals of three organizations in the nuclear field - CNEN, Eletronuclear and IPEN - between October 2015 and March 2016, in person and by phone. The main results found were the plurality of concepts of risk for different respondents, as well as several audiences identified as strategic for the establishment or strengthening of relationship by organizations and the diversity of spokespersons pointed out as ideally responsible for communicating. There were notes both toward a dialogic communication, ideal, and the unidirectional transmission of messages created by organizations for the public´s assimilation, despite constant references made to transparency and clarity. The presence of the risk communication myth that states the field deals with issues which are too complex for public understanding and the cultural trait which focuses on the viewer posture of Brazilians in the interviews was also striking, as is the perception that the lack of public acceptance of nuclear energy is the main barrier to communication with society, who is afraid of this still unknown field. With these results, the aim is to contribute to Brazil in supporting public sector agents in decision-making in relation to the establishment of strategies and communication plans for improving the relationship with the different segments of Brazilian society.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaf 42. / by Hung Viet Vu. / M.S.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The amount of greenhouse gas emissions mitigation required to prevent the most dramatic climate change scenarios postulated in the 2014 IPCC Synthesis Report is substantial. Prior analyses have examined the potential for nuclear energy to play a role in decarbonizing the energy sector, one of the largest contributors to emissions worldwide. However, advanced, non-light water reactors, while often touted as a viable alternative for development, have languished. Large light water development projects have a repeated history of extended construction timelines, re-work delays, and significant capital risk. With few exceptions, large-scale nuclear projects have demonstrated neither affordability nor economic competitiveness, and are not well suited to nations with smaller energy grids, or to replace fossil generation in the industrial process heat sector. If nuclear power is to play a role in decarbonization, new policy and technical solutions will be needed. In this manuscript, we examine key aspects of past performance across the nuclear enterprise and explore the future potential of nuclear energy worldwide, focusing on policy and technical solutions that may be needed to move nuclear power forward as a part of a low-carbon energy future. We do so first at a high level, examining the history of nuclear power research and development in the United States, the nation that historically has led the way in the development of this generating technology. A significant portion of our analysis is focused on new developments in this technology – advanced non-light water reactors and small modular reactors. We find that while there are promising technical solutions available, improved funding and focus in research and new models of deployment may be needed if nuclear is to play a continuing or future role. We also find that in examining potential new markets for the technology, a continuing focus on institutional readiness is critical.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-15T13:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - José Adauto Andrade Júnior.pdf: 2398320 bytes, checksum: bb737408b1ad692294dc03485e615ee3 (MD5) PDF - José Adauto Andrade Júnior - Sequência didática.pdf: 378168 bytes, checksum: 395e5f96a373246ab2ff9d09484287fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-15T15:27:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - José Adauto Andrade Júnior.pdf: 2398320 bytes, checksum: bb737408b1ad692294dc03485e615ee3 (MD5) PDF - José Adauto Andrade Júnior - Sequência didática.pdf: 378168 bytes, checksum: 395e5f96a373246ab2ff9d09484287fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T15:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 PDF - José Adauto Andrade Júnior.pdf: 2398320 bytes, checksum: bb737408b1ad692294dc03485e615ee3 (MD5) PDF - José Adauto Andrade Júnior - Sequência didática.pdf: 378168 bytes, checksum: 395e5f96a373246ab2ff9d09484287fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-01 / It is notorious and almost unquestionable close relationship between the sciences and society. A historical example was the high investment that the U.S. did in their primary schools during the Cold War. Aiming their students promoted the greatest technological advances in a short time, Americans challenged by the former Soviet Union, they induced a revolution in basic science teaching with new projects and major investments that, in fact, boosted the technological advancement of the country. Just before, during the Second World War, there is also a large handling in the sciences laboratories hampered through external social demands, especially those related to the production of nuclear energy. In order to provide to the learner skills of understanding reality, participation, and critical awareness, this work developed under the approach Science-Technology-Society aims to describe and discuss the concept of students basic education about nuclear energy and its use from using historical episodes. Two historical episodes that marked the beginning of the age of nuclear energy will be work: the Manhattan Project and the launch of the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These events were chosen from the assumption that they were the most responsible in communicating to the world about the risks of this form of energy. Based on these episodes, discussions will be promote in the classroom, providing students with cognitive skills and reasoning and researcher teacher a wide research material. / É notória a estreita relação entre as ciências e a sociedade. Um exemplo histórico foi o alto investimento que os EUA fez em suas escolas do ensino básico durante a Guerra Fria. Visando que seus estudantes promovessem maiores avanços tecnológicos em curto espaço de tempo, os americanos, desafiados pela antiga União Soviética, promoveram uma verdadeira revolução no ensino básico das ciências, com novos projetos e vultuosos investimentos que, de fato, impulsionaram o avanço tecnológico daquele país. Um pouco antes, durante a segunda guerra mundial, também se observa uma grande movimentação nos laboratórios de ciências condicionada por demandas sociais externas, principalmente aquelas relacionadas com a produção da energia nuclear. Visando proporcionar ao educando habilidades de compreensão da realidade, participação, e consciência crítica, este trabalho, desenvolvido sob o enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade, tem o objetivo de, a partir da utilização de episódios históricos, descrever e discutir a concepção de estudantes da educação básica, acerca da energia nuclear e de sua utilização. Foram trabalhados dois episódios históricos que marcaram o começo da era da energia nuclear: o Projeto Manhattan, e o lançamento das bombas em Hiroshima e Nagasaki. Tais eventos foram escolhidos a partir do pressuposto de terem sido os maiores responsáveis em comunicar ao mundo sobre os riscos desta forma de energia. A partir dos referidos episódios, foram promovidos debates em sala de aula, proporcionando aos estudantes habilidades cognitivas e argumentativas e ao professor pesquisador um vasto material de pesquisa.

This report investigates the sensitivity of the control rod depletion coefficients, Sg, to different input parameters and how this affects the accumulated 10B depletion, β. Currently the coefficients are generated with PHOENIX4, but the geometries can be more accurately simulated in McScram. McScram is used to calculate Control Rod Worth, which in turn is used to calculate Nuclear End Of Life, and Sg cannot be generated in the current version of McScram. Therefore, it is also analyzed whether the coefficients can be related to CRW and thus be studied indirectly through it. Simulations of the coefficients were done in PHOENIX4, simulations of CRW were done in both PHOENIX4 and McScram and simulations of β were done in POLCA7. All simulations were performed for a CR99 in a BWR reactor. The control rod coefficients were found to be sensitive to the enrichment of the fuel, void fraction of the water and the width of the gap, and these effects were also seen in the results of β. As a result, one of three steps could be taken. First, the parameter values should not be set arbitrarily, instead default values could be chosen such that Sg is calculated more accurately. Second, a set of tables of Sg could be generated for different parameter values so that β can be calculated with Sg from the current conditions, although this would mean that PHOENIX4 needs to be updated. Third, McScram can be updated to be able to calculate Sg directly. It has been concluded that Sg cannot be studied indirectly through CRW since the trends and the sensitivity to the different parameters were not consistent between Sg, CRW calculated with PHOENIX4 and CRW calculated with McScram, where PHOENIX4 was more sensitive than McScram. The results can instead be used to bench-mark the PHOENIX4 results.

Communities near nuclear power plants are at potential risk from natural and man-made failures at the nuclear power plants located within those communities. This study explored the concerns and rationalizations of residents of a community who live within a 10-mile evacuation zone of the nuclear power plant located there. Using the general theory of deliberative democracy, the purpose of this qualitative study was to understand and explore why individuals continue to live close to nuclear power plants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 individuals who live within a 10- mile radius of a nuclear power plant in the western US. These interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using a modified Van Kaam procedure. Findings indicated that members of the community had concerns that natural or man-made disasters could lead to catastrophic failure of the nuclear power plant but rationalized living in proximity. Another key finding was that the community itself was supported by the revenue generated from the plant which led many of the participants to live in the community and this contributed to their rationalizing for why they should live close to the plant. The social change implications of this study included recommendations to mayors, city councils, and regulatory bodies to provide more information about nuclear power plants to communities to help them cope with fear and feelings of helplessness. Residents living near nuclear power plants would benefit from the recommendations made in this study because it would help them understand the risks of living near nuclear power plants.

La communication sur le nucléaire en France a évolué au cours du temps, pour devenir aujourd’hui souvent critique, politique et conflictuelle hors des milieux directement impliqués. Cette évolution interroge. Elle est étudiée ici plus spécifiquement en appui sur l’hebdomadaire majeur de la période, L’Express. La première partie de cette étude permet de mieux comprendre comment, entre 1965 et 1974, le “fait” nucléaire est devenu la “question” du nucléaire, entrant alors dans le débat politique national. Entre 1975 et 1986, seconde partie de cette étude, une nouvelle étape se dessine, au cours de laquelle le nucléaire, objet politisé, devient motifs et arguments électoraux, tout en étant dans le même temps banalisé, enfermé dans des stéréotypes contrastés, entre son caractère dangereux et son aspect indispensable. 1986 à 1997 constitue le moment le plus étrange de cette étude, entre des chocs majeurs et un progressif apaisement des positions sur le nucléaire, l’aspect négatif de cette technologie s’étant alors durablement installé, d’autres préoccupations ayant également pris le dessus. Au terme de cette troisième partie est effectué un bilan, tant sur l’emploi politique du nucléaire que sur celui des images mentales du nucléaire dans L’Express. Ce bilan est complété par de brèves synthèses permettant de mieux comprendre le cadre de cette étude, dont L’Express et ses dirigeants, les évolutions de la vie politique et des médias, ou encore une présentation ordonnée des journalistes de l’hebdomadaire ayant écrit sur le nucléaire. Enfin, des documents importants sont reproduits, pour mieux percevoir ce que fut l’évolution de cette communication du nucléaire au fil du temps / Communication on nuclear power in France has evolved in time, to become today often critical, political and conflictual outside the circles directly involved. This evolution questions. It is studied here more specifically through the major weekly of the period, L’Express. The first part of this study allows to understand better how, between 1965 and 1974, the nuclear “fact” became the “question” of nuclear power, entering then into the national political debate. Between 1975 and 1986, second part of this study, a new stage has emerged, during which nuclear power, a politicized object, became electoral motives and arguments, while being at the same time trivialized, locked into contrasted stereotypes, between its dangerous character and its essential aspect. 1986 to 1997 is the strangest moment of this study, between major shocks and a gradual appeasement of the positions on nuclear power, the negative aspect of this technology having been installed durably then, other concerns having also gained the upper hand. At the end of this third part, a balance sheet is made, both on the political use of nuclear power and on the mental images of nuclear power in L’Express. This balance sheet is completed by brief syntheses allowing to understand better the framework of this study, including L’Express and its leaders, the evolutions of politics and the media, or an orderly introduction of the journalists of the weekly having written on nuclear power. Finally, some important documents are reproduced, in order to perceive better what has been the evolution of this communication on nuclear power over time