Bibliography: leaves 103-116. / vi, 116 leaves, [6] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Addresses the practical aspects of using nuclear transfer for the production of identical animals. Results from experiments provide improved understanding of the technical constraints of nuclear transfer. Also the flexibility of the methodology was increased with the use of in vitro culture and/or in vitro matured oocytes. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1992

Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Physics. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/02/12). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: Jeffrey B. Rosen, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Astrophysics and Astronomy, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 6, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-141). Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2005. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Sachiko Tsuruta. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-219).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-101)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-146).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ventura_ds_me_ift.pdf: 470589 bytes, checksum: 7a9dc11d67fbc536096e87c18acc1e7c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho investigamos a universalidade em sistemas de três e quatro bósons através do cálculo das suas energias de ligação e dos raios quadráticos médios. Utilizando duas funções de escala calculadas com um potencial de alcance zero e um potencial de alcance finito corrigimos em primeira ordem em r0/a (r0 e a são, respectivamente, o alcance efetivo do potencial e o comprimento de espalhamento de dois corpos) o ponto onde os estados excitados de três corpos desaparecem. Estudamos também as estruturas dos estados de quatro corpos associados ao estado fundamental de três corpos para energia de dois corpos igual a zero. Esses estados são formados predominantemente por uma configuração do tipo 3+1. Os cálculos foram realizados no espaço das configurações usando um método variacional / In this work we investigated the universality in three- and four-boson systems calculating their energies and root-mean-square radii. Using two scaling functions calculated with a zero and a finite range potentials, we corrected to first order in r0/a (r0 and a are, respectively, the effective range of the potential and the two-body scattering length) the point where the three-body excited states disappear. We also studied the structures of the four-body statestied to the three-body ground state for a two-body energy equal zero. These states are predominantly composed by a 3+1 configuration. The calculations were performed in the configuration space using a variational method

When we look throughout the Universe, we can see the stages of galaxy evolution across cosmic time; however there are still many unanswered questions about the details of galaxy evolution. How did galaxies like our Milky Way assemble? Do the first galaxies look different than our own? What makes galaxies stop forming stars? Many of these questions can be addressed by studying the detailed chemistry of gas located in and around galaxies. Absorption lines imprinted on quasar spectra probe this hard-to-see gas within and surrounding galaxies, giving an luminosity-unbiased census of gas from z~0 to the epoch of the most distant quasars. In this thesis, I present two samples of high resolution spectra of quasars obtained from both ground- and space-based observatories to study the evolution of galaxies through their gas-phase absorption lines. The first of the two samples presented in this thesis consists of the 100 quasar sightlines from the XQ-100 legacy survey completed with the X-Shooter spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope in Chile. The XQ-100 survey provides a blind sample of over 350 HI absorption line systems associated with galaxies with column densities 18.8<=logN(HI)<=21.5. Using this sample, I investigated the evolution of neutral gas reservoirs from z~4.5 to z~2.0. I demonstrate that the lower column density sub-damped Lyman alpha systems (with column densities 19.0<=logN(HI)<20.3) contribute ~20% of the HI observed in galaxy gas reservoirs compared to the rarer but high column density damped Lyman alpha systems (DLAs; logN(HI)>=20.3). Furthermore, I show that using the presence of metal lines (particularly MgII absorption) to identify and select absorbing systems can potentially bias the properties of the sample; absorbers selected to contain strong metal line absorbers tend to exclude low metallicity and low HI column density systems. I demonstrate that the systems missed by metal-selected searches can have a significant impact on the study of the cosmic evolution of neutral gas reservoirs. In addition to the HI content, the metal abundances for 13 elements in the 41 DLAs of the XQ-100 sample are presented. In concert with my literature compilation of 280 DLA metal abundance measurements, I studied the dust-corrected [Zn/Fe]. This work emphasizes that near-IR coverage of X-Shooter provides unprecedented access to MgII, CaII and TiII lines (at redshifts 3-4) to provide additional evidence for subsolar [Zn/Fe] ratio in DLAs, a chemical signature that DLAs can be high-redshift dwarf galaxy analogues. Furthermore, the XQ-100 DLA sample consists of several unique systems that probe the effects of environment on the chemical evolution of the Universe, as well as the chemical makeup of the first generations of stars. I demonstrate that DLAs close to their background quasar (within 5000 km/s) with logN(HI)<21.0 show lower [S/H] and [Fe/H] (relative to intervening systems with similar redshift and N(HI)), whilst higher [S/H] and [Si/H] are seen in these proximate systems with logN(HI)>21.0. Contrary to previous studies, DLAs within 10,000 km/s of another DLA show no difference in [alpha/Fe] relative to single DLAs matched in metallicity and redshift. In addition, I present follow-up high-resolution data of J0034+1639, a sightline containing three DLAs, including a metal-poor DLA with [Fe/H]=-2.82 (the third lowest [Fe/H] in DLAs identified to date) at z=4.25. In the latter part of this thesis, I study the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies that host an active galactic nucleus (AGN). AGN are thought to play a critical role in shaping galaxies, but their effect on the gaseous reservoirs surrounding galaxies is not well studied. I present results from the COS-AGN survey: 19 quasar sightlines that probe the gas surrounding 20 optically-selected AGN host galaxies observed over 65 hours with the Hubble Space Telescope. Absorption lines from a variety of species are measured and compared to a stellar mass and impact parameter matched sample of sightlines through non-AGN galaxies. Amongst the observed species in the COS-AGN sample (HI, CII, SiII, SiIII, CIV, SiIV, NV), only HI shows a high covering fraction whilst many of the metal ions are not detected in individual sightlines. A sightline-by-sightline comparison between COS-AGN and the control sample yields no significant difference in equivalent width distribution. However, stacked spectra of the COS-AGN and control samples show significant enhancements in the equivalent width of both Lya and SiIII at high impact parameters (>164 kpc) by a factor of +0.45+/-0.05 dex and >+0.75 dex respectively. The lack of detections of both high-ionization species near the AGN and strong kinematic offsets between the absorption systemic galaxy redshifts indicates that neither the AGN's ionization nor its outflows are the origin of these differences. Instead, I suggest the observed differences could result from either AGN hosts residing in haloes with intrinsically distinct gas properties, or that their CGM has been affected by a previous event, such as a starburst, which may also have fuelled the nuclear activity. / Graduate

Orientador: Marcelo Takeshi Yamashita / Banca: Tobias Frederico / Banca: Renato Higa / Resumo: Neste trabalho investigamos a universalidade em sistemas de três e quatro bósons através do cálculo das suas energias de ligação e dos raios quadráticos médios. Utilizando duas funções de escala calculadas com um potencial de alcance zero e um potencial de alcance finito corrigimos em primeira ordem em r0/a (r0 e a são, respectivamente, o alcance efetivo do potencial e o comprimento de espalhamento de dois corpos) o ponto onde os estados excitados de três corpos desaparecem. Estudamos também as estruturas dos estados de quatro corpos associados ao estado fundamental de três corpos para energia de dois corpos igual a zero. Esses estados são formados predominantemente por uma configuração do tipo 3+1. Os cálculos foram realizados no espaço das configurações usando um método variacional / Abstract: In this work we investigated the universality in three- and four-boson systems calculating their energies and root-mean-square radii. Using two scaling functions calculated with a zero and a finite range potentials, we corrected to first order in r0/a (r0 and a are, respectively, the effective range of the potential and the two-body scattering length) the point where the three-body excited states disappear. We also studied the structures of the four-body statestied to the three-body ground state for a two-body energy equal zero. These states are predominantly composed by a 3+1 configuration. The calculations were performed in the configuration space using a variational method / Mestre