Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Richard Matzner. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI company.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

Presented as Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1920. / Cover title. "Reprinted from the Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Vol. XXI." Includes bibliographical references (p. 376-377).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 198 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-198). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Using the Chandra X-ray Observatory, Martini et al. (2006) found that the AGN fraction of galaxy clusters was five times higher than previous optical studies suggested. Using visual observations only, Dressler et al. (1985) estimated the AGN fraction of field galaxies to be 5%, while that of clusters was thought to be 1%. To understand the role that the environment plays in AGN fueling, the author studied a variety of environments, ranging from the field to groups to clusters. Will the AGN fraction of groups also be higher than that of the field? The author demonstrates how the AGN fraction of groups compares to that of clusters. In the following sections, the author describes the mechanics of X-ray astronomy, the group environment, and the characteristics of active galactic nuclei. The author briefly describes the possible mechanisms for AGN fueling.

Submitted by Dianne Cassiano de Souza null (diannecassiano.dcs@gmail.com) on 2018-04-04T17:53:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Dianne Cassiano de Souza_versão final.pdf: 1252378 bytes, checksum: 54bcd82a1d1441b1f0e1c7906aeb4b5b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-04-05T12:05:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_dc_me_bauru.pdf: 1252378 bytes, checksum: 54bcd82a1d1441b1f0e1c7906aeb4b5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T12:05:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_dc_me_bauru.pdf: 1252378 bytes, checksum: 54bcd82a1d1441b1f0e1c7906aeb4b5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Muitos dos significados transmitidos pelos professores, principalmente os de Ciências e Biologia, sobre as temáticas que envolvem sexualidade e gênero podem estar carregados de influências biologicistas e naturalizantes, sem a presença de conteúdos históricos referentes à construção social dos gêneros ou mesmo da expressão da sexualidade. Entendendo a importância dos conceitos de gênero e sexualidade, no Ensino de Ciências e tendo como referência teórico-metodológica o materialismo histórico-dialético, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender quais os sentidos de professores de Ciências sobre gênero e sexualidade e os significados sociais transmitidos aos estudantes, sob a luz da perspectiva histórico-cultural. Entrevistamos três professoras de Ciências do sétimo, oitavo e nono ano de escolas públicas de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi uma entrevista semiestruturada e a análise dos dados foi feita a partir dos núcleos de significação, propostos por Aguiar e Ozella. Buscando a superação da imediaticidade dos fenômenos observados, nossa proposta foi analisar como se expressa no Ensino de Ciências as relações sociais de sexo, a partir dos significados e sentidos dos professores de ciências dos conceitos de gênero e à sexualidade. As análises revelam falta de domínio de conceitos como gênero, orientação sexual ou ainda transexualidade nos sentidos e significados identificados a partir dos núcleos de significação bem como a predominância do tratamento biologicista e naturalizante das questões de gênero e sexualidade no ensino de Ciências e a não formação dos professores para o tratamento do tema, corroborando com alguns estudos sobre a temática / Many of the meanings transmitted by teachers, especially those of Science and Biology, on the themes that involve sexuality and gender may be marked by biological and naturalizing influences, without the presence of historical contents related to the social construction of the gender or even the sexuality expression. Considering the importance of concepts of gender and sexuality, in Science Teaching, and having as theoretical-methodological reference the historical-dialectical materialism, the objective of this study is to understand the senses of Science teachers about gender and sexuality and the social meanings transmitted to the students, in the light of the historical-cultural perspective. We interviewed three Science teachers from the seventh, eighth and ninth-year of public schools in one city in the interior of São Paulo. The instrument used for the data collection was a semi structured interview and the analysis of these data was made from the nuclei of meanings, proposed by Aguiar and Ozella. Seeking to overcome the immediacy of observed phenomena, our proposal was to analyze how it is expressed in Science Teaching the social relations of sex, from the meanings and senses of science teachers of gender concepts and sexuality. The analysis reveals a lack of mastery of concepts such as gender, sexual orientation or even transsexuality in the senses and meanings identified from the nuclei of meanings as well as the predominance of biological and naturalizing treatment of gender and sexuality issues, in the science teaching and a nonformation of teachers for the theme’s treatment, corroborating with some studies on the thematic

A small fraction of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons scatter off electrons in the ionised gas in collapsed structures. This process, known as the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, is usually broken down into a thermal (tSZ) and a kinematic (kSZ) contribution. While the former is sensitive to the random velocities of the electrons in the hot gas, the latter is sourced by the bulk motion of the entire object. In this thesis I measure the signature of both of these effects by cross-correlating CMB data with different tracers of the large-scale structure. I further study how these effects can be used as probes of cosmology and astrophysics. I first report a statistically significant detection of the kSZ effect. This is achieved by combining a cluster catalogue derived from the first year data of the Dark Energy Survey with CMB temperature maps from the South Pole Telescope. I perform the measurement with a differential statistic that isolates the pairwise kSZ signal, providing the first detection of the large-scale motion of clusters using redshifts derived from photometric data. By fitting the pairwise kSZ signal to a theoretical template, I measure the average central optical depth of the cluster sample. I compare the extracted signal to simulations and find good agreement with respect to the signal-to-noise, the constraint on the optical depth, and the corresponding gas fraction. I next study the potential of the kSZ effect as a probe of cosmology, again focussing on the pairwise method. The main challenge is disentangling the cosmologically interesting mean pairwise velocity from the cluster optical depth and the associated uncertainties on the baryonic physics in clusters. Using the Magneticum cosmological hydrodynamical simulations I calibrate a scaling relation between the amplitude of the tSZ signal and the optical depth. I show that this relation can be used to recover an accurate estimate of the mean pairwise velocity from the kSZ signal, and that this effect can therefore be used as a probe of cosmology. I finally derive constraints on feedback from active galactic nuclei by setting limits on their tSZ signal. By combining all-sky microwave, sub-mm, and far-infrared data from the Planck and AKARI satellites, I break the degeneracy between the tSZ signature and extragalactic dust emission. I test the measurement pipeline with a catalogue of galaxy clusters, finding the expected high-significance tSZ detection together with correlated dust emission. I then measure the tSZ signal of spectroscopically confirmed quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), but obtain only a low-significance hint of a tSZ signature. This analysis leads to a lower mean thermal energy than reported in some previous studies which were contaminated by dust emission. A comparison of these results to hydrodynamical simulations can be used as a probe of QSO host masses.

Cientes de que o histórico, a intensidade e a expansão espacial das atividades antrópicas afetam a resiliência e as taxas de recuperação de um ecossistema florestal, existe atualmente o desafio de determinar qual ou quais métodos de restauração ecológica serão os mais eficientes em termos de recursos em metas para cada local. Isso porque existem diversos tipos de métodos e estratégias de restauração ecológica, os quais variam desde apenas assistir um ecossistema se reestabelecer à alta intervenção as quais mudarão os rumos da sucessão ecológica. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho busca analisar se a nucleação aplicada, um método de restauração florestal de baixo custo e intervenção na área, restaurou e ocupou um antigo pasto abandonado numa área de preservação permanente dentro do campus da Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\". Para isso, foi implantado um experimento de nucleação aplicada, vizinho a um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em maio de 2008 onde foram plantados 40 núcleos. Foram testadas 4 espécies (Inga laurina, Cordia trichotoma, Albizia niopoides e Jacaratia spinosa) com dez repetições cada e com apenas uma espécie por núcleo. Os núcleos foram então mensurados anualmente até 2013 e posteriormente no ano de 2016. Mensuramos o diâmetro na altura do peito (DAP), altura, área basal, biomassa, índice de área de vegetação (via fotografias hemisféricas) e área de copa (calculado como uma elipse). Depois, em 2017 alocamos 24 parcelas de 2 metros de raio no entorno dos núcleos para avaliar a densidade, riqueza e diversidade dos indivíduos regenerantes. Na análise dos dados comparamos os diferentes tratamentos através de análises de variância e dos testes de comparações de média de tukey para o último período de medição nos diferentes parâmetros dendrométricos. Procurando entender se alguma espécie plantada em núcleos monoespecíficos conseguiu atrair maior quantidade de regenerantes, espécies e diversidade comparamos entre os diferentes tratamentos esses parâmetros. Posteriormente, realizamos um modelo linear generalizado a fim de encontrar possíveis relações entre densidade e a riqueza dos indivíduos regenerantes com as variáveis dos núcleos, como altura máxima, área basal, índices de área de vegetação e área de copa. Os resultados encontrados nos dizem que existem diferenças no desenvolvimento dos diversos parâmetros analisados incluindo a ocupação da área pelas diferentes espécies plantadas na nucleação aplicada. Encontramos também para o presente projeto que a densidade de regenerantes no entorno dos núcleos é significantemente relacionada com a área basal e altura das árvores dos núcleos e a riqueza de espécies dos indivíduos em regeneração é significantemente relacionada com apenas a área área basal das árvores presentes nos núcleos. Sugerimos o uso de nucleação aplicada para restaurar áreas com grau médio de degradação usando uma espécie pioneira com altas taxas de crescimento. Os núcleos monoespecíficos devem ser utilizados apenas em paisagens com abundância de propágulos para que não haja baixa diversidade de espécies a médio prazo. / Despite the history that intensity and spatial expansion of anthropogenic activities affect the resilience and recovery rates of a forest ecosystem, we have the current challenge in forest restoration to determine which ecological restoration methods will be most efficient for each specific area, this in terms of resources and goals. In this context, the ecological restoration of degraded ecosystems must be specific to each site. The present work aimed to analyze applied nucleation, a method of low cost and low intervention in the area of forest restoration, occupied an abandoned pasture in a permanent preservation area inside the campus \"Luiz de Queiroz\" College of Agriculture in Piracicaba, São Paulo. For this, an applied nucleation experiment was implanted next to a semideciduous seasonal forest fragment in May 2008, where 40 nuclei were planted. Four species (Inga laurina, Cordia trichotoma, Albizia niopoides and Jacaratia spinosa) were tested with ten replicates each, with only one specie per nuclei. The nuclei were then measured annually until 2013 and later in 2016. In the individual\'s data, we measured the diameter at the chest height (DBH), height, basal area, biomass, vegetation area index (via hemispheric photographs) and Crown area (calculated as an ellipse). After that, in 2017, 24 subplots were allocated around the nuclei to evaluate the density, specie richness and diversity of regenerating individuals. In order to compare the different treatments used, we performed analysis of variance and the Tukey mean comparison test for the different dendrometrical parameters between species. Later, in order to understand the facilitation of density and specie richness by the different treatments of nuclei, we related the height, basal area, vegetation area index and area with these parameters through a generalized linear model. The results show that there are differences in the development of the various parameters analyzed including the occupation of the area by the different species planted in the applied nucleation. We also found for the present project that the density of regenerants found near the nuclei are significantly related to the sum of basal area and height of the nuclei and the species richness of regenerants are significantly related to the sum of the basal area of the individuals\' nuclei. We suggest the use of applied nucleation to restore areas with a medium degree of degradation using a pioneer species with high grown rates. The mono specific nuclei should be use just only in landscapes with plenty of propagules. So that there is no low diversity of species in the medium term.