This project is concerned with the study of London’s early nineteenth‐century private suburban cemeteries and interrogates how their inception advocated a process of rationalisation of burial spaces, and by extension, contributed to the formation of the city’s suburbs. My hypothesis is that the private Victorian cemeteries were the direct result of the socio‐cultural, economical and political context and were part of a unique transformation process that emerged in early nineteenth‐century London. I will argue that the re‐ordering of the city’s burial spaces along the principles of health and hygiene, was directly associated with liberal capital investments and that its political support had consequences in the spatial arrangement of London. Beginning with a formal analysis of the context that underlay the implementation of the early Victorian cemeteries in London, this research will then investigate their spatial arrangement, aesthetics and functions. These developments will be illustrated through the study of three private Victorian cemeteries: Kensal Green Cemetery, Highgate; Cemetery and Brookwood Cemetery; which have been selected for their diverse history, scale, location, topography and socio‐cultural make up. For the purpose of this research, a geographical boundary of observation of one‐mile radius from each selected cemetery has been set, so to study each chosen site and its immediate context. The objective is to establish what influence the presence of Victorian cemeteries had in attracting (or indeed deterring) specific developments in the area. The Evolving Paradigm of Victorian Cemeteries will use maps, plans, surveys, prints, drawings, inventories and accounts of several archives and libraries to examine the context of nineteenth‐century London and the selected case studies. This research will propose that a new understanding of London’s early Victorian cemeteries is emerging when they are studied in their local context. In particular, it will highlight how the process or rationalisation of burial spaces – as implemented with the early Victorian suburban cemeteries – contributed to the emergence of new spatial strategies that influenced the formation of modern London. Ultimately this established a new order and governance that controlled the visibility of death in the urban space.

The research investigates thermal performance of prefabricated timber housing in the UK due to a growing concern regarding the increase in summertime temperatures, which are expected to occur regularly as global temperatures increase. Furthermore, modern houses are built to meet improved regulations with additional insulation and are more sensitive to potential summertime overheating than older houses. This study examines three UK prefabricated timber housing developments (Bridport, Oxley Woods and Stadthaus) built in the last decade by evaluating the environmental conditions of the internal spaces and the occupants’ comfort. The research employs a combination of different methods such as post-occupancy surveys, environmental monitoring, and thermal comfort surveys to assess the occupants’ comfort in different seasons. Moreover, dynamic thermal modelling and simulations of the buildings to get more data over a long period are used. The outcomes of this study align with the research aim and sustain the research propositions. The research contributes to the on-going discussions on overheating in dwellings and provides first set of data on occupants’ thermal comfort in prefabricated timber housing. Overall, Oxley Woods appears to be warmer than Bridport and Stadthaus. Using the adaptive thermal comfort model to evaluate the risk of overheating at the buildings suggests overheating occurs in 70% of the spaces monitored at Oxley Woods; while the analysis suggests warm discomfort in 50% of the spaces monitored at Bridport and Oxley Woods in the summer. The preferred temperature is 1.8ºC higher at Bridport than Oxley Woods indicating comfort is within a wide range for the occupants at Oxley Woods. The neutral temperature is higher at Oxley Woods by 0.8ºC suggesting higher adaptation of the occupants to the internal temperatures. The results from the research suggest the occupants of the houses with smaller internal floor area adapt better than the houses with bigger internal floor area. The occupants that indicate low level of control are less satisfied with the thermal conditions of the buildings. The results from the surveys and dynamic thermal simulations suggest that summertime overheating occurs in the buildings and high internal temperatures are likely to be more frequent in UK modern houses with reduced internal floor spaces than houses with increased internal floor spaces.

Walking in the city affects the sensory realm of the pedestrian. Streets and squares in spatial sequences form a complex environment that enriches the thermal experience of pedestrians in movement. The variations that the latter perceive are not only spatial, but also microclimatic. The impact of microclimatic variations on thermal perception is challenging to measure. In particular, the link between the complexity of spatial sequences, the act of walking and the perception of thermal comfort in dense urban environments has not been studied sufficiently. The present thesis has developed a new methodological tool that helps to fill this gap. This methodology starts from the process of ‘thermal walks’. These consist of a sense-walking technique that analyses the urban climate, the morphology of spaces and the way people perceive their combined effect, through a series of structured walks with simultaneous environmental and human monitoring. This new process is based on point-to-point evaluation of the thermal perception and spatial variation. Its particularity is the combination of objective microclimatic and spatial data with subjective responses by pedestrians at street level. This methodology has been tested on site during fieldwork in the historic core of Rome and London during 2012 and 2013. This made it possible to compare results obtained from two spatial sequences in different climates in the temperate zone. Climatic mapping and design of a questionnaire for thermal walks helped to document the microclimate and variations in its perception. The resulting data was interpreted with statistical analysis and complex graphic representations of thermal variation in each spatial sequence. Findings reveal the role of streets and squares as spatial systems of thermal diversity, and shed light on some unknown characteristics of two of the most successful spatial sequences in Europe. The understanding of the thermal implications of spatial diversity is essential to develop site-specific design guidelines towards an evidence-based practice of sensory urbanism.

This study examines the representation of space in high-density Hong Kong public housing. Over half the population in Hong Kong lives in public housing yet little is known about how they physically cope with density through everyday dwelling. Specifically, this post-occupancy study attempts to highlight the context of high density dwelling as a legitimate dwelling experience. It focuses on residents' interpretation and conception of space and examines problem-solving in the everyday context of high density living. The research is presented as a narrative highlighting spatial sensibilities in a culture of density. It traces the development of housing forms from early Hong Kong to the establishment of the Government housing programme. It will be argued that the combination of a massive influx of a refugee population, and a shortage of housing in the Territory created a situation where low-level design standards in public housing were not only accepted by the population but became the norm. Through qualitative interviews with long-term residents of public housing this study proposes to question assumptions of Western spatial thinking within domestic space. It looks at the way in which the changing habitus has been affected by social mobility and shifting cultural values of space; in particular, it examines how different generations living in the same household perceive and represent their home. This thesis contributes to an emerging field of design knowledge. It is a reflective study which, it is anticipated, will provide other designers with insight into lived-in qualities of density and residents' ability to articulate design knowledge. It seeks to challenge designers' preconceptions of density and the performance of professional design knowledge in the interpretation of everyday space.

This thesis highlights the benefits to occupants and owners of buildings who utilise daylight effectively. Many cases of absence are related to depression or Seasonal Adjustment Disorder(SAD) which results from inadequate exposure to daylight in the work place. The use of artificial lights has been linked to minor as well as more serious ailments such as cancer and increases in cases of miscarriage. The use of daylight in buildings from economic and environmental perspectives is the main concern of the thesis. The work and analysis of this thesis have produced two new illuminance models. In addition detailed illuminance and irradiance data for Central Scotland were recorded which has previously not been available. A comprehensive study of luminous efficacy research was undertaken in Chapter 3 which evaluated a complete range of models. Furthermore the luminous efficacy of various UK and international sites were compared to examine climatic differences. The development of a new slope illuminance model which more accurately predicts external illuminance for all sky conditions was shown to perform consistently better than previous models. This was due to the new model's treatment of the sky background diffuse component utilising an anisotropic form as opposed to the traditional assumption of an isotropic sky background diffuse component. The availability of sky luminance distribution data from introduction of sky scanners enabled innovative daylight illuminance factors to be developed. These factors model the distribution of the sky's hemisphere under all levels of cloud cover and calculate the internal illuminance taking into account window size, glazing type, orientation and time of the day. The development of the daylight illuminance factors has been shown to significantly improve the energy efficient design of buildings in comparison to the current practice of employing the sky factor method. The daylight illuminance factors were used in a modelled building design scenario to assess their performance and to examine energy efficient design. Lighting controls and various glazing types were analysed to study their impact on a buildings energy consumption. This study also incorporated an embodied energy analysis which considered the energy consumption of windows in manufacture and operation.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T18:48:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T18:53:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 172426.pdf: 5244354 bytes, checksum: 97b5ec5dca91a9d68608f311a1f987dd (MD5) / Análise das complicações obstétricas e dos resultados perinatais de 44 gestantes hipertensas crônicas atendidos na Maternidade do Hospital Universitário de Florianópolis no período de janeiro de 1998 à dezembro de 1999. A hipertensão crônica ocorreu mais em pacientes em idade avançada, multíparas, obesas e com antecedente obstétrico desfavorável. Todas as gestantes tinham hipertensão de causa primária, 4 hipertensão grave e 23 (52,3%) foram consideradas como de alto risco para complicações obstétricas. A exacerbação da pressão foi a complicação mais encontrada ocorrendo em 40,9% dos casos . A pré-eclâmpsia comprometeu 11,4% das gestantes. A operação cesariana foi indicada em 52,3% dos casos. A média de peso dos recém-nascidos foi de 3300g e da idade gestacional de 38 semanas e 4 dias. Quatro recém-nascidos foram pré-termo e 2 pequenos para idade gestacional. Houve a necessidade de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal em 4 casos. As complicações obstétricas e resultados perinatais foram semelhantes em pacientes classificadas como sendo de alto ou baixo risco, excetuando-se a pré-eclâmpsia.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-15T22:14:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T14:43:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 171955.pdf: 4472230 bytes, checksum: e42fd0c762247508a936b849733aa003 (MD5)

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T01:51:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T15:56:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 83643.pdf: 2084878 bytes, checksum: 4b8b6bb865257b92b4c4ae73c43dd066 (MD5) / O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar os efeitos de duas atividades de pré-leitura, "Possible Sentences" (Moore and Arthur, 1981) e uma versão modificada da "Request Procedure" (Manzo, 1969), na compreensão em leitura de alunos brasileiros estudando uma segunda língua no Brasil. Quarenta alunos de nível intermediário matriculados em Inglês numa escola particular em Florianópolis, no estado de Santa Catarina, participaram do estudo. Os sujeitos leram quatro textos, cada um trabalhado de maneira diferente, três precedidos de atividades de pré-leitura i.e., 1) Possible Sentences, 2) Request Procedure, 3) Possible Sentence + Request Procedure e um texto sem atividade, como controle. Imediatamente após terem lido cada texto, os sujeitos foram testados através de 5 perguntas de compreensão e 10 itens do tipo verdadeiro ou falso. Os sujeitos também avaliaram os textos em termos de dificuldade e familiaridade com o conteúdo dos mesmos. De acordo com a ANOVA (Análise de Variância) realizada nos resultados totais (soma do resultado das perguntas e dos itens verdadeiro/falso), os tratamentos tiveram efeito significativo na compreensão dos sujeitos, i.e., quando leram os textos precedidos de uma das três atividades obtiveram melhores resultados nos testes do que quando leram sem atividades. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados para a ANOVA realizada nos dados obtidos nas perguntas. Entretanto não foram encontrados efeitos estatísticamente significativos nos resultados dos itens verdadeiro/falso. O teste de "Tukey" para comparações múltiplas não revelou diferenças significativas entre as próprias atividades de pré-leitura. Nenhuma correlação foi encontrada entre a avaliação dos sujeitos em relação ao nível de familiaridade com o conteúdo dos textos e os resultados obtidos pelos mesmos nas perguntas de compreensão. Também não foi encontrado correlação entre o nível de familiaridade e os resultados dos testes do tipo verdadeiro/falso. Entretanto, houve uma correlação moderada entre a avaliação dos textos como fáceis/difíceis e os resultados obtidos das perguntas, mas novamente não foi encontrada correlação entre esta avaliação e os resultados obtidos nos itens verdadeiro/falso. Todos os resultados foram analisados do ponto de vista da teoria dos esquemas da compreensão em leituras.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T02:04:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T16:18:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 79369.pdf: 1348741 bytes, checksum: b1f1108e84d2d974aa1e438c8a7c5aae (MD5) / O presente trabalho se propõe a uma abordagem mítica do romance "A Obscena Senhora D", de Hilda Hilst. Para atingir este objetivo, levantamos os componentes míticos em relação à personagem com o cosmos. Constatamos a presença do mito na própria constituição ritual da obra.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T06:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T17:58:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 95175.pdf: 2865747 bytes, checksum: d2f9f6d1a9270c230eb3e8edd7959c99 (MD5) / Este trabalho visa, fundamentalmente, interpretar as tensões entre as estéticas de Mário de Andrade e de Lezama Lima na medida em que elas instauram discursividades alternativas que situadas no confronto primitivo/moderno, configuram identidades culturais diferenciadas. Enquanto problema da modernidade, a presença do primitivo coloca em crise a identidade cultural do Ocidente ao provocar o surgimento do Outro, vale dizer, a irrupção da diferença no âmbito do Mesmo. Neutralizada na abstração conceitual de "primitivismo", essa diferença é incorporada à identidade ocidental, ora a partir de concepções evolucionistas, ora a partir de operações dialéticas. Numa tentativa de interferir nesse processo incorporativo, postulamos a ressemantização do conceito de primitivo, com o propósito de recuperá-lo enquanto elemento perturbador dos efeitos padronizadores da modernidade. Nesse sentido, os primitivos latinos-americanos podem ser pensados como formas de apropriação trangressivas que, entre outras coisas, quebram com uma lógica causalista, fragmentam a linearidade das perspectivas evolucionárias e reelaboram, assim, estagnadas tradições estéticas e históricas. Consideramos, portanto, que as estéticas de Mário de Andrade e de Lezama Lima, inseridas nos conflitos de uma modernidade periférica, que se contrapõe aos efeitos globalizadores da racionalidade moderna.