Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The historic social and economic inequalities had a negative impact on majority of young children in South Africa. This dates back to post-apartheid era where the development of young children. of some previously disadvantaged communities, has been weakened by inadequate access to health care, quality education, social service and quality nutrition. The present study evaluated the progress made on the implementation of the National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 using a case study of Early Childhood Development (ECO) centres in Site-B Township based in Khayelitsha. To support the notion of "leaving no one behind and universal access to education", the study used a Humanistic Approach Theory Framework and Human Capital Approach to determine the current status of the formalisation of the ECD centres, infrastructure and equipment, basic service delivery as well as safety at the ECD centres in Site-B. The study adopted a qualitative research design using a semi structured face-to-face interview schedules with respondents. Purposive sampling was applied to select the critical case perceived useful for the study. It comprised of 20 respondents, all principals or owners of the selected ECD centres. ECD centres were selected from the database obtained from the Department of Social Development (DSD) and the Department of Basic Education (DBE). From the samples, the study revealed that even though a lot has been done by different stakeholders to support Early Childhood Development, learning centres located in historically disadvantaged areas such as Site-B still face a number of challenges. Key among them are: challenges to comply with the registration process and lack of trained and skilled teachers; inadequate funding to meet compliance standards; insufficient infrastructure and educational equipment and lack of support for ECO safety and security measures and health related emergencies.

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The tripartite alliance is an unusual structure of governance which consolidates the rule of the African National Congress (ANC) as a dominant party through three parties each with a unique ideological trajectory and constituency base. The structure is a unique space for policy formulation and agenda setting and often finds itself in conflict about policy approaches and directives. In 2012 the National Development Plan (NDP) came into fruition and the period prior to its production saw policy consensus on developmental policy approaches within the Tripartite Alliance as a structure. Using this instance of policy making within the Tripartite Alliance this thesis asks: How does policy happen with in the Tripartite Alliance. To answer this question, the public policy scholarship framework known as the Multiple Streams Framework as founded by John Kingdon, breaks policy processes into three distinct themes, analysing exactly how policy occurs in the structure. This analysis will therefore test the theory of the Multiple Streams Framework on the case study of development policy making within the tripartite alliance between 2007 and 2012, discerning how useful it is in answering how policy happens within the structure.

<p>This research study focuses on the way the Namibian public sector plans and implements capital projects, mainly in the Ohangwena region, and the Ministry of Health and Social Services in general. The research results show that the planning and project process is not clear and that options need to be considered for the improvement thereof. It is observed that often some of the identified and approved capital projects are not implemented and, if implemented, this is typically done in two or three years. Most parts of Ohangwena are comprised of sandy roads, especially the north-eastern area of Ohangwena which represents a large part of the region. Distances between health facilities and the scarcity of transport make it difficult for the community to easily reach the nearest health facility. The primary objective of this study is to perform an assessment of the planning process in the public sector for the implementation of capital projects and its effectiveness with regard to the planning and implementation of identified capital projects. From the outset, the critical issue is not only implementation, but also how the Ministry plans its capital projects for successful implementation. Interestingly, no research has been done before on this topic in Namibia. Against this background, officials (planners) that are directly involved in capital projects design were interviewed at the district, regional and national levels of the Ministry. The research investigation found that, in general, the planning and project processes in the Ministry are good, but a number of weaknesses were observed in the implementation process. The findings of the study showed that capacity in the Ministry, in terms of skills and technical expertise, are among the main causes of delay in the implementation of capital projects, particularly in the region and in the Ministry in general. The research found that lack of technical expertise in the Ministry and the limited capacity of those responsible for capital projects initiation and implementation, especially at the District and Regional level, have a substantial influence on most of all the weaknesses observed in the system. In this regard, specific recommendations were made regarding the prioritization of the necessary posts and building capacity at the operational level</p>

<p>This research study focuses on the way the Namibian public sector plans and implements capital projects, mainly in the Ohangwena region, and the Ministry of Health and Social Services in general. The research results show that the planning and project process is not clear and that options need to be considered for the improvement thereof. It is observed that often some of the identified and approved capital projects are not implemented and, if implemented, this is typically done in two or three years. Most parts of Ohangwena are comprised of sandy roads, especially the north-eastern area of Ohangwena which represents a large part of the region. Distances between health facilities and the scarcity of transport make it difficult for the community to easily reach the nearest health facility. The primary objective of this study is to perform an assessment of the planning process in the public sector for the implementation of capital projects and its effectiveness with regard to the planning and implementation of identified capital projects. From the outset, the critical issue is not only implementation, but also how the Ministry plans its capital projects for successful implementation. Interestingly, no research has been done before on this topic in Namibia. Against this background, officials (planners) that are directly involved in capital projects design were interviewed at the district, regional and national levels of the Ministry. The research investigation found that, in general, the planning and project processes in the Ministry are good, but a number of weaknesses were observed in the implementation process. The findings of the study showed that capacity in the Ministry, in terms of skills and technical expertise, are among the main causes of delay in the implementation of capital projects, particularly in the region and in the Ministry in general. The research found that lack of technical expertise in the Ministry and the limited capacity of those responsible for capital projects initiation and implementation, especially at the District and Regional level, have a substantial influence on most of all the weaknesses observed in the system. In this regard, specific recommendations were made regarding the prioritization of the necessary posts and building capacity at the operational level</p>

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / This research study focuses on the way the Namibian public sector plans and implements capital projects, mainly in the Ohangwena region, and the Ministry of Health and Social Services in general. The research results show that the planning and project process is not clear and that options need to be considered for the improvement thereof. It is observed that often some of the identified and approved capital projects are not implemented and, if implemented, this is typically done in two or three years. Most parts of Ohangwena are comprised of sandy roads, especially the north-eastern area of Ohangwena which represents a large part of the region. Distances between health facilities and the scarcity of transport make it difficult for the community to easily reach the nearest health facility. The primary objective of this study is to perform an assessment of the planning process in the public sector for the implementation of capital projects and its effectiveness with regard to the planning and implementation of identified capital projects. From the outset, the critical issue is not only implementation, but also how the Ministry plans its capital projects for successful implementation. Interestingly, no research has been done before on this topic in Namibia. Against this background, officials (planners) that are directly involved in capital projects design were interviewed at the district, regional and national levels of the Ministry. The research investigation found that, in general, the planning and project processes in the Ministry are good, but a number of weaknesses were observed in the implementation process. The findings of the study showed that capacity in the Ministry, in terms of skills and technical expertise, are among the main causes of delay in the implementation of capital projects, particularly in the region and in the Ministry in general. The research found that lack of technical expertise in the Ministry and the limited capacity of those responsible for capital projects initiation and implementation, especially at the District and Regional level, have a substantial influence on most of all the weaknesses observed in the system. In this regard, specific recommendations were made regarding the prioritization of the necessary posts and building capacity at the operational level. / South Africa

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The increased pervasiveness of information communication and technology and increasing internet access creates anticipation for how contemporary technologies can address critical developmental problems. Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death globally, even though more than 40% of the deaths are premature and avoidable. Diabetes is such a disease that causes 80% of non-communicable disease deaths in low and middle-income countries. Diabetes is also the leading cause of death in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Diabetes thus constitutes a challenge to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3 that focuses on health and well-being for all people, at all ages. The potential of technology, such as the use of m-health applications, is recognised as a means to advance the Sustainable Development Goals through supporting health systems in all countries.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a stable economic environment and enabling macro economy, such as Namibia, a small and medium enterprise (SME) sector is vital for the growth and sustainability of the economy. Although several studies have been conducted on SMEs, to the best of the researcher's knowledge, no single study has been conducted with regard to SME development in Namibia with emphasis on the Khomas region. The aim of this study was to explore the progress made, during the last decade in minimising constraints faced by SMEs in key developmental areas, such as access to finance, sound management, business processes, marketing and strategic alliances. In order to adequately address these key developmental areas the research sought to address the following questions: What strategies should SMEs adopt in terms of management, finance, marketing and networking in order to ensure their future viability? What is the institutional capacity from the sample of 50 SMEs in the Khomas region? What are the likely capital and recurrent cost implications with respect to traders wanting to form alliances in the Khomas region? What potential problems are likely to emanate from the SMEs' venturing into the export processing enclave? The government of Namibia, in 1997, recognised the important role SMEs can play in the country's socio-economic development. A number of policy documents were issued to give clear definitions of small businesses and to stipulate government programmes intended to ensure that conditions are favourable and enabling for SMEs' growth in Namibia. This research study explores the impact of the process of development since the passing of the Government SME Policy in 1997. Furthermore, this research looked at policy documents on SMEs, national development plans (NDPs), millennium development goals (MDGs), other developmental goals and government policies relevant to SME development in Namibia. The analysis indicates that the majority (74%) of SMEs in the Khomas region are involved in general dealing, like footstalls, detergent makers and the service industry. According to the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI 1997: 29), lack of finance is widely regarded as one of the major obstacles to the development of more advanced small businesses. Most of the SMEs do not have sufficient funds to venture into capital intensive programmes like manufacturing activities. As a result, general dealing becomes a better option since it does not require large sums of money to start operating or to expand current operations. Financial institutions have stringent collateral requirements; therefore access to finance is regarded as a major limiting factor for SME growth in the Khomas region. The survey also concluded that most SME owners act as sole proprietors and try to perform all business operations by themselves. They usually fail to keep financial records, due to ignorance of its importance. As a result most SMEs do not know how much money they have used or profits made. This research investigated, concluded and made recommendations on the factors that have assisted or impeded SME development in Namibia, with emphasis in the Khomas region.

O presente trabalho busca analisar a trajetória do planejamento econômico no Brasil, enfatizando os planos de desenvolvimento elaborados após o II PND. Para isto divide-se em quatro partes: primeiramente, observa-se a evolução do planejamento no país até 1979, com a descrição dos planos até o II PND e da crise do planejamento a partir dos anos 80; na segunda e terceira parte, procura-se identificar, descrever e analisar os planos de desenvolvimento do país após o II PND; e, por último, analisa-se a evolução de indicadores econômicos e sociais durante as fases de implementação dos planos de desenvolvimento. Na primeira fase da pesquisa constata-se o aprofundamento do processo de planejamento no Brasil desde o Plano Salte até o II PND. Como resultado deste processo, o país pôde estruturar a sua cadeia produtiva e avançar para indústrias de alta tecnologia. No entanto, a partir do final da década de 70, esta prática governamental se esgotou diante da crise fiscal do Estado e da descrença na capacidade de planejamento do setor público, dado o relativo insucesso do II PND. Na segunda e terceira parte do trabalho, foram identificados os seguintes planos de desenvolvimento: o III PND, o I PND-NR, o PAG, o PPA-91, o PPA-96 e o PPA-2000. Observa-se que, no período que se iniciou com o III PND, e que perdurou durante praticamente toda a década de 90, prevaleceu a falência do planejamento no Brasil e um profundo descrédito quanto ao seu potencial. Com a Constituição de 1988, ficou estabelecido o modelo de planejamento baseado nos planos plurianuais. No entanto, o primeiro PPA, o PPA-91, não pode ser considerado como instrumento para estimular o desenvolvimento, uma vez que foi criado apenas para cumprir o preceito constitucional e praticamente não foi implementado. A partir do segundo PPA, o PPA-96, percebe-se uma tentativa para a retomada do planejamento no âmbito da administração pública federal. Do primeiro PPA, de 1991, ao Avança Brasil, de 2000, que usa o modelo de gerenciamento na execução dos programas, nota-se um esforço maior para o aprimoramento na implementação e no alcance de objetivos. Na última parte do trabalho, considera-se a evolução de indicadores sócio-econômicos nas fases de implementação dos planos de desenvolvimento dos últimos 50 anos. Observa-se que a efetivação da política de desenvolvimento não só causa impactos sobre os indicadores selecionados, como também é afetada por eles. / The present study's aim is to analyze the history of Brazil's economical plan, emphasizing the development plans that came about after the II PND. For this purpose, it is divided in four parts: firstly, the plan's evolution in the country up to 1979 should be observed, describing the plans up to the II PND and the crisis that started in the 80s; in the second and third part, the study identifies, describes and analyses the development plans in the country after the II PND; and, finally, it analyzes the evolution of the economical and social indicators during the implement of the development plans. In the first stage of the research it was found that there was an intensification of the planning process in Brazil from plan Salte up to the II PND. As a result of this process, the country was able to establish its industrial production and move forward to high-tech industries. However, from the late 70s on, this governmental practice came to an end due to the public debt crisis and distrust on the government's capacity caused by the II PND's failure. In the second and third part of the research the following development plans were identified: the III PND, PND-NR, PAG, PPA-91, PPA- 96 and PPA-2000. It can be observed that in the period that began with the III PND and lasted throughout the 90s, the breakdown of Brazil’s planning and a deep lack of faith in its potential prevailed. In the 1988 Constitution it was established the planning model based on pluri-annual plans. However, the first PPA, PPA-91, can’t be considered a tool to encourage development because it was created just for the Constitution and practically wasn’t implemented. From the second PPA, PPA-96, it can be noticed that there’s an effort to resume the planning in public administration. From the first PPA, in 1991, to Avança Brasil (2000) that used the managing model for programs, the plan becomes more valued and there’s a greater effort to set and achieve goals. In the last part of the study it can be observed the evolution of the social and economical indicators in the implementing stages of the development plans in the last 50 years. It can also be observed that not only does the development policy affects the selected indicators but it is also affected by them.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA (DVS) / The South African government has earmarked infrastructure development as a key driver of the economy. The infrastructure sectors of energy, water and transport have received large Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) loans to fund new projects, repairs and maintenance. The DBSA loan approvals to municipalities for the period 2012-2013 was R2.3 billion. Loans to 'under-resourced' municipalities totalled R927 million for the same period. Key infrastructure sectors included electricity (R466 million), roads and drainage (R678 million), community facilities (R735 million) and water and sanitation (R1.2 billion). The DBSA is owned by the South African state and its relationship with municipalities is legislated and regulated through the Constitution and an Act of Parliament. One of the post-apartheid roles of the DBSA is to support the infrastructure development agenda of the State through a complexed network of infrastructure projects in the key infrastructure sectors of water and sanitation, education, housing, health and housing. It does so through project, technical and development finance support to municipalities. The underlying rationale for the relationship between municipalities and the DBSA is to forward the States' agenda of providing equal access to basic services and develop infrastructure to support its social and economic development agenda. While the DBSA does provide infrastructure grants and facilitates intergovernmental transfers to municipalities, it also provides infrastructure loans to municipalities for both capital expenditure and large-scale infrastructure projects. The premise of development banks is to provide development finance for infrastructure projects at low interest. The DBSA specifically as a state-owned bank has an overall agenda to develop the infrastructure of poorer municipalities whose credit-worthiness will not allow it to qualify for commercial loans.