Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Muitos estudos reportaram o benefício dos métodos avançados de ressonância magnética (RM) para a avaliação da resposta ao tratamento do tumor cerebral, a fim de distinguir entre recidiva tumoral e radionecrose. No entanto, o tamanho da amostra em cada estudo é relativamente pequeno, o que torna difícil avaliar a validade externa. Nós realizamos uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de dados publicados afim de avaliar a acurácia dos métodos avançados de RM para diferenciação entre a recidiva e a radionecrose. Nosso objetivo foi determinar o valor diagnóstico da difusão (DWI), da perfusão Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (PWI DSC), perfusão Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (PWI DCE) e espectroscopia (MRS). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: A revisão sistemática incluiu todos os estudos que usaram métodos avançados de RM para detectar recidiva ou radionecrose em pacientes em segmento por tratamento radioterápico para tumor cerebral. A pequisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE e Embase, das publicações até 31 de Julho de 2015. As sensibilidades e especificidades de cada estudo foram calculadas e a acurácia diagnóstica foi metanalisada, com um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%, em um modelo de efeito randômico. Foram realizados testes de heterogeneidade, sobre o efeito dos pontos de corte e modelos de metarregressão. Análises de subgrupos foram feitas com base em conjuntos de estudos com características homogêneas. RESULTADOS: 49 artigos foram incluídos na análise quantitativa, englobando um total de 1.508 pacientes. Cinco estudos avaliaram DWI, 32 avaliaram PWI e 21 avaliaram MRS. A sensibilidade (SEN) e especificidade (ESP) geral da DWI foi 81,0% (IC 95%: 71,0 a 89,0%) e 68,0% (IC 95%: 52,0 a 82,0%), respectivamente. A SEN e ESP da PWI DSC foi de 83,0% (IC 95%: 80,0 a 86,0%) e 81,0% (IC 95%: 76,0 a 85,0%) e da PWI DCE foi 76,0% (IC 95%: 66,0 a 85,0%) e 85,0% (IC 95%: 74,0 a 93,0%), respectivamente. A SEN e ESP da MRS foi de 76,0% (IC 95%: 71,0 a 80,0%) e 83,0% (IC 95%: 77,0 a 88,0%), respectivamente. O odds ratio diagnóstico (DOR) da DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE e MRS foi 14,83; 25,81; 14,45 e 27,39; respectivamente. O maior valor do DOR nos estudos com PWI DSC foi quando o ponto de corte do Volume Sanguíneo Cerebral relativo (rCBV) foi maior ou igual a 1,8 e o maior valor do DOR nos estudos com MRS foi quando o ponto de corte da relação Cho/Cr foi maior ou igual a 1,3. O valor do DOR nos estudos com MRS foi muito maior nos trabalhos realizados com equipamento de 3T (DOR = 40,07; IC 95%: 15,44 a 104,03) quando comparado aos trabalhos realizados em equipamento com 1,5T (18,69; IC95%: 8,32 a 42,02). CONCLUSÃO: Esta metanálise demonstrou que os métodos avançados de RM tem uma moderada e alta acurácia na diferenciação da recidiva tumoral da radionecrose usando os métodos de DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE e MRS. Algumas análises de subgrupos e testes de efeito do ponto de corte mostraram que alguns cenários têm uma tendência de melhor acurácia. / BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies reported the benefit of magnetic resonance (MR) advanced methods for the treatment response of brain tumor assessment, for distinguishing tumor recurrence from radionecrosis in gliomas and other brain tumors. However, the sample size in each study is relatively small, which becomes difficult to draw conclusions about external validity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data to evaluate the accuracy of the advanced MR methods for differentiating recurrence from radionecrosis. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic value of Diffusion (DWI), Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion (PWI DSC), Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Perfusion (PWI DCE) and Spectroscopy (MRS), and compare the results between the methods MATERIALS AND METHODS: The systematic review included all studies that used MR advanced methods to detect recurrence or radionecrosis in patients followed by brain tumor radiotherapy. The databases selected were MEDLINE and Embase, for published data prior to July 31, 2015. The sensitivities and specificities of individual studies were calculated and the pooled diagnostic accuracies, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were assessed under a random-effects model. It was also performed heterogeneity test, threshold effect test and meta-regression models for each MR method. A subgroup analysis was performed based on homogeneous subsets of the studies. RESULTS: 49 articles were included in the quantitative analysis, compromising 1,508 patients (919 with recurrence and 589 with radionecrosis). Five studies assessed DWI, 32 assessed PWI, and 21 assessed MRS. Overall sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) of DWI were 81.0% (95% CI: 71.0 to 89.0%) and 68.0% (95% CI: 52.0 to 82.0%), respectively. The SEN and SPE of PWI DSC were 83.0% (95% CI: 80.0 to 86.0%) and 81.0% (95% CI: 76.0 to 85.0%) and PWI DCE were 76.0% (95% CI: 66.0 to 85.0%) and 85.0% (95% CI: 74.0 to 93.0%), respectively. The SEN and SPE of MRS were 76.0% (95% CI: 71.0 to 80.0%) and 83.0% (95% CI: 77.0 to 88.0%), respectively. The overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE, and MRS were 14.83, 25.81, 14.45, and 27.39, respectively. The point with the highest DOR in the PWI DSC studies was when the relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV) threshold was equal or higher than 1.8, and the point with the highest DOR in the MRS studies was when the Cho/Cr threshold was equal or higher than 1.3. The MRS DOR value is much higher in the 3T subgroup (40.07, 95% IC: 15.44 to 104.03), compared to the 1.5T subgroup (18.69, 95% CI: 8.32 to 42.02). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that MR advanced methods have moderate to high accuracy in differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis using DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE and MRS. Some subgroup analysis and threshold effect tests demonstrated subsets that have a better accuracy trend.

癌症復發往往伴隨著耐藥性和轉移率的增加。目前我們仍未完全瞭解確切的腫瘤逃脫機制。皮下無水酒精注射（PEI）已經被用於治療肝細胞癌（HCC）幾十年，而PEI治療後的癌症復發仍然是該方法的一個主要限制。最近有許多證據表明癌細胞能夠逆轉化學誘導的細胞凋亡過程而得以存活，這有可能是其中一個導致癌細胞復發的原因。這篇論文的重點在於研究肝癌細胞HepG2經歷乙醇誘導凋亡事件後存活下來的後果。 / 這個研究首先證實肝癌細胞 HepG2能從乙醇誘導凋亡事件後存活下來。然後我們對存活下來的肝癌細胞HepG2進行增殖率，耐藥性，運動性以及侵襲性的研究。結果表明，存活下來的HepG2有46%的乙醇耐藥性和84%的高運動性。然後爲了發現存活下來的HepG2是否對其他臨床常用藥物也同樣具有耐藥性，4種臨床常用藥物包括阿黴素，紫杉醇，順鉑，5-氟尿嘧啶（5Fu）均被用於測試。有趣的是，存活下來的HepG2對5-氟尿嘧啶變得更加敏感，平均敏感性下降了58.2%。 / 總的來說，我們的研究結果表明肝癌細胞可從乙醇誘導凋亡事件中恢復過來。此外，存活下來的細胞變得更具有耐藥性和侵入性。這種恢復過程可能是導致癌症復發的原因之一。出乎意料的是，雖然所有存活下來的細胞對乙醇具耐受性，但是它們對於5-氟尿嘧啶均變得更加敏感。這些結果表明，乙醇和5-氟尿嘧啶的聯合治療可能有助於提高PEI治療效果從而預防肝癌癌症復發。 / Cancer relapse, associated with increased drug resistance and higher rate of metastasis, often occurs after chemotherapy. The cancer escape mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) has been used for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for decades, but the recurrence after PEI treatment remains a major limitation. Recently there are mounting evidences showing that cancer cells could survive from chemical-induced apoptosis, suggesting a potential route through which cancer relapse may occur. This thesis focuses on the consequences of the recovery of HepG2 cells from ethanol-induced apoptotic event. / This study verified that HepG2 cells could recover from ethanol-induced apoptosis. Proliferation rate, drug resistance, motility and invasiveness were investigated in recovered HepG2 cells. On average, the recovered HepG2 cell clones were found to be 46% more resistant to ethanol and 84% higher in motility than the parental cell clones. And then four commonly used clinical drugs were assayed to determine whether the recovered cell clones were also resistant to other clinical drugs, including doxorubicin, docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). Interestingly, the recovered clones became 58.2% more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil on average. / In conclusion, our findings showed that HepG2 cells can recover from ethanol-induced apoptotic event. In addition, some cell clones recovered from apoptosis became more resistant to ethanol and some became more invasive. Such recovery might be one of the reasons causing cancer recurrence. Unexpectedly, although the recovered cell clones were more resistant to ethanol, they became more sensitive to 5-Fu treatment. These results indicated that ethanol-5-Fu combined treatment might be useful in enhancing the PEI treatment and preventing HCC cancer recurrence. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Wang, Shanshan. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-130). / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Muitos estudos reportaram o benefício dos métodos avançados de ressonância magnética (RM) para a avaliação da resposta ao tratamento do tumor cerebral, a fim de distinguir entre recidiva tumoral e radionecrose. No entanto, o tamanho da amostra em cada estudo é relativamente pequeno, o que torna difícil avaliar a validade externa. Nós realizamos uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de dados publicados afim de avaliar a acurácia dos métodos avançados de RM para diferenciação entre a recidiva e a radionecrose. Nosso objetivo foi determinar o valor diagnóstico da difusão (DWI), da perfusão Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (PWI DSC), perfusão Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (PWI DCE) e espectroscopia (MRS). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: A revisão sistemática incluiu todos os estudos que usaram métodos avançados de RM para detectar recidiva ou radionecrose em pacientes em segmento por tratamento radioterápico para tumor cerebral. A pequisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE e Embase, das publicações até 31 de Julho de 2015. As sensibilidades e especificidades de cada estudo foram calculadas e a acurácia diagnóstica foi metanalisada, com um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%, em um modelo de efeito randômico. Foram realizados testes de heterogeneidade, sobre o efeito dos pontos de corte e modelos de metarregressão. Análises de subgrupos foram feitas com base em conjuntos de estudos com características homogêneas. RESULTADOS: 49 artigos foram incluídos na análise quantitativa, englobando um total de 1.508 pacientes. Cinco estudos avaliaram DWI, 32 avaliaram PWI e 21 avaliaram MRS. A sensibilidade (SEN) e especificidade (ESP) geral da DWI foi 81,0% (IC 95%: 71,0 a 89,0%) e 68,0% (IC 95%: 52,0 a 82,0%), respectivamente. A SEN e ESP da PWI DSC foi de 83,0% (IC 95%: 80,0 a 86,0%) e 81,0% (IC 95%: 76,0 a 85,0%) e da PWI DCE foi 76,0% (IC 95%: 66,0 a 85,0%) e 85,0% (IC 95%: 74,0 a 93,0%), respectivamente. A SEN e ESP da MRS foi de 76,0% (IC 95%: 71,0 a 80,0%) e 83,0% (IC 95%: 77,0 a 88,0%), respectivamente. O odds ratio diagnóstico (DOR) da DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE e MRS foi 14,83; 25,81; 14,45 e 27,39; respectivamente. O maior valor do DOR nos estudos com PWI DSC foi quando o ponto de corte do Volume Sanguíneo Cerebral relativo (rCBV) foi maior ou igual a 1,8 e o maior valor do DOR nos estudos com MRS foi quando o ponto de corte da relação Cho/Cr foi maior ou igual a 1,3. O valor do DOR nos estudos com MRS foi muito maior nos trabalhos realizados com equipamento de 3T (DOR = 40,07; IC 95%: 15,44 a 104,03) quando comparado aos trabalhos realizados em equipamento com 1,5T (18,69; IC95%: 8,32 a 42,02). CONCLUSÃO: Esta metanálise demonstrou que os métodos avançados de RM tem uma moderada e alta acurácia na diferenciação da recidiva tumoral da radionecrose usando os métodos de DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE e MRS. Algumas análises de subgrupos e testes de efeito do ponto de corte mostraram que alguns cenários têm uma tendência de melhor acurácia. / BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies reported the benefit of magnetic resonance (MR) advanced methods for the treatment response of brain tumor assessment, for distinguishing tumor recurrence from radionecrosis in gliomas and other brain tumors. However, the sample size in each study is relatively small, which becomes difficult to draw conclusions about external validity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data to evaluate the accuracy of the advanced MR methods for differentiating recurrence from radionecrosis. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic value of Diffusion (DWI), Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion (PWI DSC), Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Perfusion (PWI DCE) and Spectroscopy (MRS), and compare the results between the methods MATERIALS AND METHODS: The systematic review included all studies that used MR advanced methods to detect recurrence or radionecrosis in patients followed by brain tumor radiotherapy. The databases selected were MEDLINE and Embase, for published data prior to July 31, 2015. The sensitivities and specificities of individual studies were calculated and the pooled diagnostic accuracies, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were assessed under a random-effects model. It was also performed heterogeneity test, threshold effect test and meta-regression models for each MR method. A subgroup analysis was performed based on homogeneous subsets of the studies. RESULTS: 49 articles were included in the quantitative analysis, compromising 1,508 patients (919 with recurrence and 589 with radionecrosis). Five studies assessed DWI, 32 assessed PWI, and 21 assessed MRS. Overall sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) of DWI were 81.0% (95% CI: 71.0 to 89.0%) and 68.0% (95% CI: 52.0 to 82.0%), respectively. The SEN and SPE of PWI DSC were 83.0% (95% CI: 80.0 to 86.0%) and 81.0% (95% CI: 76.0 to 85.0%) and PWI DCE were 76.0% (95% CI: 66.0 to 85.0%) and 85.0% (95% CI: 74.0 to 93.0%), respectively. The SEN and SPE of MRS were 76.0% (95% CI: 71.0 to 80.0%) and 83.0% (95% CI: 77.0 to 88.0%), respectively. The overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE, and MRS were 14.83, 25.81, 14.45, and 27.39, respectively. The point with the highest DOR in the PWI DSC studies was when the relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV) threshold was equal or higher than 1.8, and the point with the highest DOR in the MRS studies was when the Cho/Cr threshold was equal or higher than 1.3. The MRS DOR value is much higher in the 3T subgroup (40.07, 95% IC: 15.44 to 104.03), compared to the 1.5T subgroup (18.69, 95% CI: 8.32 to 42.02). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that MR advanced methods have moderate to high accuracy in differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis using DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE and MRS. Some subgroup analysis and threshold effect tests demonstrated subsets that have a better accuracy trend.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Muitos estudos reportaram o benefício dos métodos avançados de ressonância magnética (RM) para a avaliação da resposta ao tratamento do tumor cerebral, a fim de distinguir entre recidiva tumoral e radionecrose. No entanto, o tamanho da amostra em cada estudo é relativamente pequeno, o que torna difícil avaliar a validade externa. Nós realizamos uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de dados publicados afim de avaliar a acurácia dos métodos avançados de RM para diferenciação entre a recidiva e a radionecrose. Nosso objetivo foi determinar o valor diagnóstico da difusão (DWI), da perfusão Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (PWI DSC), perfusão Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (PWI DCE) e espectroscopia (MRS). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: A revisão sistemática incluiu todos os estudos que usaram métodos avançados de RM para detectar recidiva ou radionecrose em pacientes em segmento por tratamento radioterápico para tumor cerebral. A pequisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE e Embase, das publicações até 31 de Julho de 2015. As sensibilidades e especificidades de cada estudo foram calculadas e a acurácia diagnóstica foi metanalisada, com um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%, em um modelo de efeito randômico. Foram realizados testes de heterogeneidade, sobre o efeito dos pontos de corte e modelos de metarregressão. Análises de subgrupos foram feitas com base em conjuntos de estudos com características homogêneas. RESULTADOS: 49 artigos foram incluídos na análise quantitativa, englobando um total de 1.508 pacientes. Cinco estudos avaliaram DWI, 32 avaliaram PWI e 21 avaliaram MRS. A sensibilidade (SEN) e especificidade (ESP) geral da DWI foi 81,0% (IC 95%: 71,0 a 89,0%) e 68,0% (IC 95%: 52,0 a 82,0%), respectivamente. A SEN e ESP da PWI DSC foi de 83,0% (IC 95%: 80,0 a 86,0%) e 81,0% (IC 95%: 76,0 a 85,0%) e da PWI DCE foi 76,0% (IC 95%: 66,0 a 85,0%) e 85,0% (IC 95%: 74,0 a 93,0%), respectivamente. A SEN e ESP da MRS foi de 76,0% (IC 95%: 71,0 a 80,0%) e 83,0% (IC 95%: 77,0 a 88,0%), respectivamente. O odds ratio diagnóstico (DOR) da DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE e MRS foi 14,83; 25,81; 14,45 e 27,39; respectivamente. O maior valor do DOR nos estudos com PWI DSC foi quando o ponto de corte do Volume Sanguíneo Cerebral relativo (rCBV) foi maior ou igual a 1,8 e o maior valor do DOR nos estudos com MRS foi quando o ponto de corte da relação Cho/Cr foi maior ou igual a 1,3. O valor do DOR nos estudos com MRS foi muito maior nos trabalhos realizados com equipamento de 3T (DOR = 40,07; IC 95%: 15,44 a 104,03) quando comparado aos trabalhos realizados em equipamento com 1,5T (18,69; IC95%: 8,32 a 42,02). CONCLUSÃO: Esta metanálise demonstrou que os métodos avançados de RM tem uma moderada e alta acurácia na diferenciação da recidiva tumoral da radionecrose usando os métodos de DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE e MRS. Algumas análises de subgrupos e testes de efeito do ponto de corte mostraram que alguns cenários têm uma tendência de melhor acurácia. / BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies reported the benefit of magnetic resonance (MR) advanced methods for the treatment response of brain tumor assessment, for distinguishing tumor recurrence from radionecrosis in gliomas and other brain tumors. However, the sample size in each study is relatively small, which becomes difficult to draw conclusions about external validity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data to evaluate the accuracy of the advanced MR methods for differentiating recurrence from radionecrosis. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic value of Diffusion (DWI), Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion (PWI DSC), Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Perfusion (PWI DCE) and Spectroscopy (MRS), and compare the results between the methods MATERIALS AND METHODS: The systematic review included all studies that used MR advanced methods to detect recurrence or radionecrosis in patients followed by brain tumor radiotherapy. The databases selected were MEDLINE and Embase, for published data prior to July 31, 2015. The sensitivities and specificities of individual studies were calculated and the pooled diagnostic accuracies, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were assessed under a random-effects model. It was also performed heterogeneity test, threshold effect test and meta-regression models for each MR method. A subgroup analysis was performed based on homogeneous subsets of the studies. RESULTS: 49 articles were included in the quantitative analysis, compromising 1,508 patients (919 with recurrence and 589 with radionecrosis). Five studies assessed DWI, 32 assessed PWI, and 21 assessed MRS. Overall sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) of DWI were 81.0% (95% CI: 71.0 to 89.0%) and 68.0% (95% CI: 52.0 to 82.0%), respectively. The SEN and SPE of PWI DSC were 83.0% (95% CI: 80.0 to 86.0%) and 81.0% (95% CI: 76.0 to 85.0%) and PWI DCE were 76.0% (95% CI: 66.0 to 85.0%) and 85.0% (95% CI: 74.0 to 93.0%), respectively. The SEN and SPE of MRS were 76.0% (95% CI: 71.0 to 80.0%) and 83.0% (95% CI: 77.0 to 88.0%), respectively. The overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE, and MRS were 14.83, 25.81, 14.45, and 27.39, respectively. The point with the highest DOR in the PWI DSC studies was when the relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV) threshold was equal or higher than 1.8, and the point with the highest DOR in the MRS studies was when the Cho/Cr threshold was equal or higher than 1.3. The MRS DOR value is much higher in the 3T subgroup (40.07, 95% IC: 15.44 to 104.03), compared to the 1.5T subgroup (18.69, 95% CI: 8.32 to 42.02). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that MR advanced methods have moderate to high accuracy in differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis using DWI, PWI DSC, PWI DCE and MRS. Some subgroup analysis and threshold effect tests demonstrated subsets that have a better accuracy trend.