A review of the species groups of the Neotropical myrmecophilous genus Homopterus Westwood is presented based on the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus and morphological study of 260 specimens. Two new species groups, the H. subcordatus group and the H. filiko group are erected based on the results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological analysis. The genus consists of one species known only from Dominican amber, H. hispanolienses Nagel, and thirteen extant species, one of which is described as new: Homopterus filiko n.sp. from Peru. An illustrated dichotomous identification key to species, diagnoses of the species groups and updated distribution maps are provided. The potential of several of the species groups to harbor additional cryptic diversity is discussed.

Himatanthus tarapotensis (Apocynaceae) connu au Pérou comme "bellaco caspi", est un arbre répandu dans plusieurs types d’habitat de l’Amazonie péruvienne où il est très utilisé en médicine traditionnelle pour le traitement de certaines maladies. Les propriétés médicinales des espèces de Himatanthus sont liées notamment à la présence du terpène bioactif pluméricine. Le potentiel pharmacologique de la pluméricine et le succès reproductif de H. tarapotensis ont mené à la réalisation de cette étude afin d’explorer les patrons de production de ce composé le long des variations des gradients environnementaux déterminés par les différents types d’habitat où la plante pousse naturellement. Cependant, il existe une confusion autour de la délimitation des espèces du genre Himatanthus qui pousseraient au Pérou et les noms scientifiques qui doivent être utilisés. En conséquent une partie de cette étude a consisté en l’évaluation taxonomique du genre Himatanthus. Dans la première partie de la thèse est présentée une révision synoptique des espèces de Himatanthus de l'Amazonie péruvienne, avec la finalité d'introduire une stabilité taxonomique de ces espèces au Pérou. Trois espèces de Himatanthus se trouvent au Pérou : H. tarapotensis, H. phagedaenicus et H. revolutus, distinguées entre eux notamment par des traits reproductifs. Dans la seconde partie, les feuilles d’individus juvéniles de H. tarapotensis qui se développent sur deux types d’habitat ont été prélevées pour évaluer la production de pluméricine en fonction des facteurs environnementaux : type de sol, période de précipitations, et pression des insectes en tenant compte de la croissance de la plante. La production de pluméricine chez H. tarapotensis ne montre pas différences significatives en fonction des types de sol. Mais, il a été observé une variation temporelle de la concentration du composé corrélée positivement avec la pression des insectes, notamment avec la larve herbivore Isognathus leachii (Lepidoptera : Sphingidae) et négativement avec la croissance. En même temps, ces deux facteurs ont été corrélés avec la précipitation, ce qui suggère que l’intensité de pluie influencerait la production de pluméricine de manière indirecte. Le composé bioactif pluméricine pourrait avoir un patron de production déterminé par son rôle médiateur des interactions de H. tarapotensis avec son environnement. / Himatanthus tarapotensis (Apocynaceae) known in Peru as "bellaco caspi", is a common tree from several habitats in the Peruvian Amazon, where is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Medicinal properties from species of Himatanthus have been mainly related to the presence of a bioactive terpene plumericin. The pharmacological potential of plumericin and reproductive success of H. tarapotensis gave rise to the present study to explore the production patterns of this compound in function of environmental gradients determined by the different habitat types where this species grows in nature. However, the delimitation of Himatanthus species has long been problematic, and much confusion remains as to which names should be used and which species delimitations should be adopted. Consequently, a part of this study was dedicated to a taxonomic revision of Himatanthus species occurring in Peru. Therefore, in chapter 1 is presented a synoptic revision of Himatanthus species from the Peruvian Amazon, with the aim of introducing taxonomic stability of those species in Peru. Three species of Himatanthus are present in Peru: H. tarapotensis, H. phagedaenicus and H. revolutus, distinguished among themselves mainly by reproductive traits. In chapter 2, leaves collected from juvenile individuals of H. tarapotensis growing on two Amazonian habitats were used to evaluate the plumericin production in relation to environmental factors: soil type, period of precipitation, and insects pressure, keeping in mind their relation with the growth patterns of the plant. Plumericin production in H. tarapotensis was not affected by differences in soil types. However, it was observed a temporal variation in the concentration of this compound correlated positively to the insects pressure, mainly with the herbivorous larva of Isognathus leachii (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) and negatively to the growth pattern of the plant. These two factors were correlated to the rainfall, thus suggesting that precipitation would be affecting indirectly on plumericin production. The bioactive compound plumericin would have a production pattern determined by its mediator role in interactions phenomena of H. tarapotensis and its environment.

Amphibians harbor beneficial skin bacteria that can contribute to host defense against chytridiomycosis, an infectious disease caused by the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). However, while skin-associated microbial communities may alter host infection risk, the structure of these complex microbial communities can be impacted by both biotic and abiotic factors. In a series of three studies, I investigated the natural temporal and spatial variation in bacterial communities on the skin of wild and captive-born amphibians using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize bacterial community diversity. First, in a study examining the skin bacterial communities of two sympatric treefrog species (Agalychnis callidryas and Dendropsophus ebraccatus) at a single pond over multiple seasons and years, I found that annual, seasonal, and even daily fluctuations in temperature and rainfall changed the skin bacterial communities on these species. Second, I further investigated the impact of seasonality and rainfall on amphibian skin bacterial communities with a study of the bacterial communities on Craugastor fitzingeri, a common terrestrial species, along a rainfall gradient, and five co-occurring amphibian species at a single site. The strong wet and dry seasonality in the tropical lowland forest impacted the bacterial communities of multiple stream-dwelling co-occurring species, but the nature of the changes differed among the frog species. For C. fitzingeri sampled along the rainfall gradient, I found there was variation in bacterial community structure among sites, although this was not correlated with the latitudinal rainfall gradient. Finally, I investigated the challenges faced by captive-reared Atelopus limosus, an endangered amphibian species, after soft-release into natural habitat with the use of mesocosms. I found that the skin bacterial communities reverted to wild-type fairly quickly, body condition decreased to come closer to wild conspecifics, and 15% of the frogs became infected with Bd during the 27 day trial in mesocosms. Overall, I found that skin bacterial communities of lowland amphibians change across time and space, that variation sometimes correlates with environmental conditions at the time and the site of sampling, and that skin bacterial communities on captive-born frogs revert to wild-frog's state soon after soft-release to natural habitat. / Doctor of Philosophy / Beneficial bacteria found on amphibian skin can provide protection against an infectious disease caused by the lethal amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), that has been linked with the decline and extinction of amphibian species worldwide. However, while skin bacterial communities may play a key role in determining disease outcome, these complex microbial communities can be impacted by biological and environmental factors. In a series of three studies, I investigated the natural variation in skin bacterial communities on wild and captive-born amphibians through time and space using modern DNA sequencing technologies to characterize bacterial community diversity. First, in a study examining the skin bacterial communities of two treefrog species at a single pond over multiple years and seasons, I found that annual, seasonal, and even daily fluctuations in temperature and rainfall changed the skin bacterial communities on these species. Second, I further investigated the impact of seasonality and rainfall with a study sampling the skin of one common frog species along a rainfall gradient, and five amphibian species at a single site across seasons. The strong wet and dry seasonality in the tropical lowland forest impacted the bacterial communities of multiple species found near streams, but the nature of the changes differed among the different frogs. For the common species sampled along the rainfall gradient, I found there was variation in bacterial community structure among sites, although this was not correlated with the rainfall gradient. Finally, I investigated the challenges faced by captive-reared Atelopus limosus, an endangered amphibian species from Panama, after release into field enclosures in the natural habitat. I found that the skin bacterial communities reverted to wild-type fairly quickly, body mass decreased to come closer to wild frogs of the same species, and 15% of the frogs became infected with the chytrid fungus during the 27 day trial in the field enclosures. Overall, I found that skin bacterial communities of lowland amphibians change across time and space, that variation is sometimes linked with environmental conditions at the time and site of sampling, and that captive-born frogs revert to wild states soon after release to natural habitat.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-07-26T17:56:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Jesús Nazareno Pinto Ledezma - 2017.pdf: 8871426 bytes, checksum: 451cfc37da75487787cfc68ca57f9d82 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-27T15:03:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Jesús Nazareno Pinto Ledezma - 2017.pdf: 8871426 bytes, checksum: 451cfc37da75487787cfc68ca57f9d82 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T15:03:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Jesús Nazareno Pinto Ledezma - 2017.pdf: 8871426 bytes, checksum: 451cfc37da75487787cfc68ca57f9d82 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / One of the major challenges in biology is to understand the processes that originate and maintain of species diversity, and that in turn, determinate the observed patterns of biological diversity at different spatial and temporal scales. Here, we explore the historical processes that generate the species diversity and the assembly of local assemblages of Furnariides, the largest bird continental endemic radiation. In general, we used data of geographic distribution, local assemblages, life history (e.g., habitat preference) and molecular phylogenies. Furnariides diversified mainly during the Tertiary period, period in which South America was an island continent. Also, they are tightly related with the habitat that they occupy, where, the forest habitats represent the ancestral habitat for this clade. The Furnariides species richness pattern follows the same species richness pattern of birds in general, with a higher concentration of species at low latitudes and in forest habitats. Although the concentration of species is higher in these regions, the regions at higher latitudes and of open habitats, present rapid rates of speciation, extinction and colonization, suggesting that these habitats represent an effective arena for diversification in the Neotropics, and that are important for the maintenance of species diversity in forest habitats. Finally, the phylogenetic structure of assemblages of Furnariides, is influenced for the habitat preferences, and that the assembly of local assemblages is determined by the combined effect of historical colonisation and local extinction, as well as, the niche conservatism and environmental filtering. / Um dos principais desafios em biologia é entender os processos que dão origem e mantêm a diversidade de espécies, e que, por sua vez, determinam os padrões observados da diversidade biológica em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais. Nesta tese, exploramos os processos históricos que geram a diversidade de espécies e a montagem de assembleias locais no infraorder dos Furnariides, a maior radiação continental endêmica de aves. De maneira geral se usaram dados de distribuição das espécies, de assembleias locais, historia de vida (e.g., preferência de habitat) e filogenias moleculares. Se demostra que os Furnariides principalmente diversificaram no período Terciário, período no qual América do Sul foi uma ilha continente. Além disso, estão estreitamente relacionadas com o habitat que elas ocupam, sendo que os habitats de floresta representam o habitat ancestral deste clado. O padrão de riqueza de espécies de Furnariides segue o mesmo padrão de riqueza de aves em geral, com uma maior concentração de espécies em latitudes menores e em habitats de floresta. Embora a concentração de espécies seja maior em estas regiões, as regiões de latitudes maiores e de habitats abertos, apresentaram taxas de especiação, extinção e dispersão mais rápidas, sugerindo que os habitats abertos representam areias efetivas de diversificação no Neotrópico e são importantes para o mantimento da diversidade de espécies em habitats de floresta. Finalmente, a estrutura filogenética das assembleias dos Furnariides e influenciada pela preferência de habitat, além disso, a montagem de assembleias locais depende do efeito combinado das taxas diferencias de colonização e extinção local, assim como a conservação de nicho e da filtragem ambiental.

I investigated the origin of western Amazonian white-sand vegetation and the evolution of plant habitat specialization to different edaphic conditions in Neotropical lowland forests. In order to address these goals I used complementary ecological as well as molecular phylogenetic approaches. Amazonian white-sand forests harbour a flora specialized to nutrient-poor sandy soils, which is distributed as habitat-islands across the Amazon and Guiana Shield regions. This flora has been suggested to have many local and regional endemics, therefore making an important contribution to overall Neotropical plant diversity. The role of habitat specialization in the origin of this flora and its relationships with other floras within the Amazon- Guiana regions is not well understood. To shed light onto these questions, this thesis studies the floristic composition of these forests as well as molecular phylogenetic patterns of selected plant lineages containing white-sand species. The floristic study focused on the white-sand forests of the western Amazon region, which contained 1180 species of vascular plants whereas the non-white-sand Amazon and Guiana Shield dataset consisted of 26,887 vascular plant species. 77% of these species occurred outside white-sand habitats, in other habitat types of the Amazon region, while 23% were white-sand specialists. This demonstrates lower endemism in western Amazonian white-sand forests than previously estimated. 88% of the total westen Amazon white-sand specialist occur within the limits of the Guiana Shield region with the remaining 12% being endemics to the white-sand forests of the western Amazon. Within the Guiana-Shield region, Caquetá Moist Forests (56%), Guayanan Highlands (55%), and Negro-Branco Moist Forests (53%) were the biogeographic regions with the highest proportions of western Amazonian whitesand specialists. Cluster analysis of province level floristic checklists across the Amazon and Guiana regions showed that western Amazonian white-sand forests are nested within floras of the western Guiana-Shield region compared to other floras in the Amazon. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were carried out for the widespread and species-rich families Sapotaceae and Chrysobalanaceae, which display an uneven number of white-sand specialists. Sapotaceae had only three white-sand specialists but Chrysobalanaceae had a larger number of white-sand specialists (14 species). Phylogenetic analysis showed that white-sand specialist species in both studied families were scattered across the phylogenies. Both families show a marked absence of edaphic niche conservatism, suggesting that evolutionary switching amongst habitat types has been frequent. Ancestral state reconstruction of habitat specialization under a maximum likelihood approach suggests that preference for poor soils may be ancestral in these clades, especially in Chrysobalanaceae, but that the evolution of species entirely restricted to white-sand soils is in general much more recent and has multiple origins. For the white-sand flora of the western Amazon in particular, there is little evidence that it comprises ancient lineages as previously hypothesized. The historical construction of the Amazonian white sand flora is more likely to be the result of a gradual accumulation of species with different degrees of edaphic specialization, both by on-going speciation driven via habitat switching from non-white-sand specialists and via regional dispersal events after these habitats became available in regions such as the western Amazon. Edaphic transitions between different habitat types were not evolutionary constrained, which may have favoured edaphic niche evolution and the accumulation of plant species diversity in Neotropical lowland forests.

Nesta tese foi realizado um estudo sistemático de Mikania Willd., o maior gênero de plantas escandentes em Asteraceae, com mais de 400 espécies conhecidas. O foco principal do trabalho foi a realização de um estudo filogenético do gênero visando a reavaliar a organização dos grupos infragenéricos previamente publicados e prover uma nova classificação filogenética. Adicionalmente, foi compilado um Nomenclator do gênero. No primeiro capítulo, é apresentada a construção da hipótese filogenética sobre Mikania, baseada em dados de quatro marcadores moleculares (dois plastidiais e dois nucleares), obtidos de 128 terminais do gênero e mais quatro grupos-externos. A topologia resultante da análise bayesiana apresentou boa resolução, com clados bem sustentados (destacando-se a divergência em duas grandes linhagens na base da árvore), permitindo a reconstrução da evolução de nove caracteres que foram utilizados anteriormente para a classificação infragenérica de Mikania. Uma das hipóteses centrais desenvolvidas com a filogenia é a de aquisição de hábito lianescente no ancestral de Mikania, o qual pode ter facilitado a grande irradiação do gênero ao explorar a orla de florestas, com alguns eventos mais recentes de reversão ao hábito ereto, aparentemente ligados à ocupação de habitats abertos em diferentes linhagens do grupo. Os padrões de evolução das sinflorescências também revelaram ter forte sinal filogenético, assim como a posição da bráctea subinvolucral, o número de cerdas do pappus e alguns outros caracteres, embora sempre com homoplasias. No segundo capítulo, é apresentada uma revisão cronológica das classificações infragenéricas de Mikania, e em seguida uma proposta de um novo sistema de classificação infragenérico baseado na filogenia molecular desenvolvida no primeiro capítulo, além de um Nomenclator do gênero contendo todos os 426 nomes corretos, citação de protólogos e tipos nomenclaturais, e a distribuição geográfica e a posição de cada espécie na classificação. Foram feitas oito lectotipificações, quatro mudanças de status e quatro novas seções descritas. Mikania está agora organizado em dois subgêneros, M. subg. Mikania (com 182 espécies e distribuição no Novo e Velho Mundos, dividido em duas seções e duas subseções), e M. subg. Cylindrolepis (com 218 espécies, restritas ao continente americano, distribuídas em seis seções). O terceiro capítulo apresenta a descrição de uma nova espécie do gênero, ocorrente no estado de Minas Gerais, que foi encontrada durante os estudos realizados para o desenvolvimento da tese. Almeja-se que os resultados gerados neste trabalho possam contribuir para o entendimento da evolução e diversificação de Mikania, e que o sistema de classificação infragenérico produzido, na medida em que contém apenas grupos monofiléticos, permita direcionar futuros estudos, sobretudo morfológicos e taxonômicos em clados particulares desse gênero megadiverso / This work performed a systematic study of Mikania Willd., the greatest genus of vines plants in Asteraceae, accounting for more than 400 known species. This work\'s main focus was the phylogenetic study of the genus, aiming to reevaluate the organization of previously published infrageneric groups and to provide a new phylogenetic classification. Additionally, a Nomenclator of the genus was compiled. In the first chapter, a construction of the phylogenetic hypothesis for Mikania is presented based in data from four molecular markers (two plastids and two nuclear) obtained from 128 terminals of the genus and four external groups. The resulting topology of the Bayesian analysis showed satisfactory resolution, with well supported clades (highlighting the divergence between the two greatest lineages in the base of the tree), allowing the reconstruction of the evolution of nine characters previously used for the infrageneric classification of Mikania. One of the central hypothesis developed from the phylogeny is the gain of climbing habits in Mikania\'s ancestral, which may have facilitated its great irradiation exploring the forests\' edges, with some recent events of erect habit reversion, apparently linked to the occupation of open habitats in different lineages of the group. The patterns of sinflorescence evolution also revealed a strong phylogenetic signal, as well as the position of the subinvolucral bracts, number of pappus bristels and some other characters, although always homoplasic. In the second chapter, a chronological review of the infrageneric classifications of Mikania is presented, following a proposal for a new classification system based in the molecular phylogeny developed in the first chapter, besides a genus Nomenclator containg all correct 426 names, protologue citation and nomenclatural types, and the geographic distribution and position of each species in the classification. Eight lectotypifications were done, four status changes and four new sections were described. Mikania is now organized in two subgenus, M. subg. Mikania (with 182 species distributed in the New and Old Worlds, divided in two sections and two subsections), and M. subg. Cylindrolepis (with 218 species, restricted to the American continent, distributed in six sections). The third chapter presents the description of a new species of the genus occurring in Minas Gerais federal state, which was found during the studies for the development of the thesis. It is intended that the results generated by this work may contribute for the knowledge of the evolution and diversification of Mikania, and may the proposed infrageneric classification system, to the extent of containing only monophyletic groups, allow the direction of future studies, especially morphologic and taxonomic studies in particular clades of this megadiverse genus

No description available.

This thesis explores how indigenous communities in the neotropics affect the biodiversity of the forests in which they live; and assesses how the culture, preferences and perceptions of communities can influence the outcome of this relationship. This is first investigated via a case study that compares primate populations between a protected area in the Ecuadorian Amazon and a territory in its adjacent buffer zone that is owned by an indigenous Kichwa community. I then use an ethnoprimatological approach to investigate the attitudes of this community to primates, namely looking at (a) whether primates are seen as a distinct group, (b) the relative importance of primates as sources of bushmeat and pets and (c) the perceived value of primates in terms of their value as a resource or their ecological role. I show that diurnal primates are seen as a cohesive group, but that tree-dwelling non-primates including sloths, kinkajous and tamanduas are also frequently classified as 'monkeys'. The community's perceptions of the value of primates are more closely associated with their potential as bushmeat and pets, whereas few respondents view their importance in terms of their role in the forest ecosystem. I compare our findings to those in studies of other indigenous groups and discuss how they could contribute to more effective conservation planning. Next, I assess how hunting preferences for mammals and birds vary across communities over the whole of central America, Amazonia and the Guianan shield. I show that primates, cetartiodactyls and rodents are the mammalian cornerstones of prey provision for hunters in neotropical communities, whereas Galliformes, Tinamiformes, Psittaciformes, Gruiformes, Piciformes are the most commonly hunted bird orders. The location of a community alone is a significant but weak predictor of the structure of its hunting profile in terms of order preferences. In addition, I found no relationship between a community's age and size and the average biomass of birds or mammals hunted, or the number of mammal species that are targeted. I discuss whether the age and size of communities are robust indicators of past and current hunting pressure, as well as the suitability of cross-sectional data for monitoring large-scale hunting patterns.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-23T17:53:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_Fabio Correia Costa.pdf: 5363839 bytes, checksum: 5a61b945fc8ff2be76123636ab5e5fff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T17:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_Fabio Correia Costa.pdf: 5363839 bytes, checksum: 5a61b945fc8ff2be76123636ab5e5fff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-19 / CNPq / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar o subgênero Malagoniella e buscar uma hipótese da monofilia do grupo, assim como do relacionamento filogenético entre suas espécies. O primeiro capítulo aborda a análise filogenética do subgênero, para a qual foi utilizado o programa TNT, versão 1.1. Dichotomius bicuspis foi o grupo externo terminal utilizado para o enraizamento das análises. Para a árvore gerada (min. length = 0) foram calculados os valores de índice de consistência (IC) e índice de retenção (IR), e, para verificar o apoio dos clados, uma análise de “Bremer”, e “Bootstrap” como indicador de conflito entre os caracteres foram realizados. O subgênero Malagoniella foi considerado monofilético, sustentado por duas sinapomorfias e consta, a partir dos resultados alcançados, de 11 espécies e subespécies. O segundo capítulo inclui a revisão do subgênero, incluindo as redescrições em Malagoniella (Malagoniella) e novo status taxonômico para este, assim, como para as espécies/subespécies. Além de dados de distribuição geográfica e descrição de um novo táxon, que até o momento, é endêmico para o território brasileiro. Ainda, foram incluídas chave de identificação e a designação de neótipo e novo status taxonômico para as subespécies de M. astyanax. / This study presents aims to review the subgenus Malagoniella (Malagoniella) and search a hypothesis about the monophyly of the group, as well as the phylogenetic relationships between yours species. The Chapter one explains about the phylogenetic analyze of subgenus, that was performed on TNT program version 1.1. Dichotomius bicuspis was the terminals outgroup used to rootedness the analyzes. The generated tree (min. length = 0), were calculated consistency index (CI) and retention index (RI). In order to verify the support of the clades, analysis of “Bremer”, and “Bootstrap”, as conflict indicator between characters were done. The subgenus Malagoniella was considered monophyletic, supported by two synapomorphies and included 11 species and subspecies from the results achieved. The Chapter two, includes a review the subgenus, including redescriptions of Malagoniella (Malagoniella) and new taxonomic status to species and subspecies. Furthermore, geographic distribution data and a description of new taxon. Until this moment, this taxon is endemic at Brazilian territory. Moreover, it was included a key to identification and neotype designation to M. astyanax.

Orientadores: Ana Maria Goulart de Azevedo Tozzi, Vidal de Freitas Mansano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T05:06:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moura_TaniaMariade_D.pdf: 25838741 bytes, checksum: 151ba95798c1cf876d09e5336718358c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutora em Biologia Vegetal