Procaine was first synthesized by Einhorn in 1905. Xylocaine (Lidocaine) was synthesized by Löfgren in 1948. Wiedling, Löfgren and Tegner reported on Propitocaine (Citanest) in 1960. They have been used mainly for local and regional anesthesia in surgery and dentistry. The first review of the use of local anesthetics by the intravenous route was reported by Graubard and Peterson in 1950. Gilbert et al (1951) reported similar results using intravenous Xylocaine. In their cases they reported effective analgesia when the Xylocaine was used in cases of advanced cancer. They reported that the danger of side-effects appeared to be less than with Procaine.

Subdural haematoma was one of the first neurological lesions to be treated by man. Prehistoric man performed trepanation. Later, Hippocrates and Galen described cases with recovery after evacuation of clot which were probably subdural haematomas. As the science of medicine evolved over the centuries, investigators have argued about the etiology of this lesion. Up to now many questions have been answered. But in spite of modern knowledge of anatomy and physiology, the mechanism of chronic subdural haematoma remains obscure. This study was undertaken to add more basic knowledge to this essential question. Attempts were made to produce experimental subdural haematomas in animals. Radio-isotopes were used to trace the route of absorption of haematoma in animals and as a diagnostic aid in detecting lesions in human cases.

The folic acid group: The discovery of Methotrexate and some of the other antimetabolic agents that are currently being used for the treatment of neoplastic disease is a long and colorful epic, beginning about thirty years ago. The development of these “folic acid analogs” was intimately tied in with the elucidation of one of the B complex vitamins, folic acid. Folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) is found in many natural materials.

The question of prematurity and its role in the development of spasticity is investigated in this study. 319 spastic quadriplegic and 112 spastic paraplegic children from The Montreal Children's Hospital were selected as probands. The incidence of prematurity in this group was 33.8 per cent. [...]

The development of the knowledge of the thalamus has proceeded along many avenues of research. The early workers ranged far and wide, comparing, dividing, and subdividing the thalamus and in general terms catalogued anatomical data. Later the relationship of the thalamus and other areas of the nervous system was discovered and with this began the studies of the thalamocortical and corticothalamic connections. [...]

It is not difficult to conceive of physiological conditions in mammalian life requiring an immediate and generalized augmentation of neuro-muscular activity, with or without an accompanying increase in mental activity. Fear, excitement, pain, and rage, are all examples of situations which cause unusual emphasis to be placed on the ability of the individual to develop a rapid and widespread increase in all muscular forces. [...]

The present investigation was undertaken to examine in man the reactions of the cells within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei to stalk section and hypophysectomy. Although there are a number of reports of similar studies in a variety of experimental animals, information on the effects in man is scanty. [...]

Experimental demyelination in animals, as is well known, may be produced by a variety of methods. It is unlikely that most of the factors responsible for experimental demyelination are in any way related to those responsible for the commonly recognized clinical demyelinative diseases. However, the pathological picture produced by the use of one of these experimental methods, namely, Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis, is very similar to that produced by some forms of human demyelinating diseases. [...]

This work began as a clinical analysis of patients who suffered unexplained hemipareses following temporal lobectomies. A preliminary survey suggested that the site of disturbance was the internal capsule and that the cause was vascular interference. Further study confirmed this impression and produced strong clinical evidence that the disability was caused by spasm of the capsular arteries in response to mechanical irritation. [...]

The following conclusions may be drawn from electrophysiological study of the efferent pathways of the supplementary and precentral motor areas: 1) Stimulation of the motor cortex by single, short duration square pulses evokes in the cord responses consisting of a stable "direct" early component of fixed latency and of an "indirect" late one, variable in amplitude form and latency. 2) Both components are electrically positive at the recording electrode tip against a diffuse reference. [...]