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Photophysical, thermal and imaging studies on vancomycin functional branched poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) of differing degrees of branching containing nile red for detection of Gram-positive bacteriaSwift, Thomas, Hoskins, Richard, Kalinichenko, Mariya, Katsikogianni, Maria, Daigneault, M., Rimmer, Stephen 18 October 2024 (has links)
Yes / Highly branched poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) additives chain end functionalised with vancomycin have been designed to agglutinate and report on targetted Gram-positive strains of bacteria (S. aureus). These branched systems selectively desolvate with temperature or binding interactions depending on their chain architecture. We have prepared samples with three different degrees of branching which have incorporated Nile red acrylate as a low concentration of co-monomer to report upon their solution properties. A linear analogue polymer functionalised with vancomycin along the chain instead of the termini is presented as a control which does not bind to targeted bacteria. These samples were analysed by diffusion NMR spectrometry (DOSY), calorimetry, fluorescence lifetime measurements, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to gain a full understanding of their solution properties. The branched polymers are shown conclusively to have a core-shell structure, where the chain ends are expressed from the desolvated globule even above the lower critical solution temperature – as demonstrated by NMR measurements. The level of desolvation is critically dependent on the degree of branching, and as a result we have found intermediate structures provide optimal body temperature bacterial sensing as a consequence of the Nile red reporting dye. / To support initial polymer synthesis work SR has received funding from UK/Smith and Nephew Ltd (UK) (TSB 103988) and MRC (MR/N501888/2). Funding for further analytical work by TS was funded by the Royal Society of Chemistry (E21- 8346952505). Furthermore Translate MedTech (Higher Education Funding Council England, 2016-2018) funding paid for research student Mariya Kalinichenko to fund electron microscopy studies. The authors acknowledge support provided by the internal seed fund of University of Bradford High Performance Computing Service in the completion of this work.
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