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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Seleção de genótipos de feijoeiro Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) (Leguminosae) resistentes aos carunchos Acanthoscelides obtectus (Boh.) e Zabrotes subfasciatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) e o seu uso associado com inseticidas botânicos / Selection of common bean Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) (Leguminosae) resistant genotypes to the weevils Acanthoscelides obtectus (Boh.) and Zabrotes subfasciatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its association to botanical insecticides

Guzzo, Élio César 04 April 2008 (has links)
Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar genótipos de feijão Phaseolus vulgaris resistentes aos carunchos Acanthoscelides obtectus e Zabrotes subfasciatus, bem como avaliar o efeito associado desses genótipos resistentes com inseticidas de origem vegetal. Para tanto, foram utilizados acessos de P. vulgaris do Banco de Germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas e inseticidas comerciais de origem botânica. No screening inicial, amostras dos genótipos foram infestadas com cada uma das espécies de bruquídeos separadamente, avaliando-se o número de insetos emergidos aos 50 dias após a infestação. Dos 49 genótipos testados contra A. obtecus, não houve emergência naqueles com números de acesso 525, 584 e 615, podendo ser considerados os mais resistentes. Em relação a Z. subfasciatus, os genótipos com números de acesso 2, 35, 251, 570, 583, 584, 610, 621, 634, 816, 818 e 819 se mostraram mais resistentes entre os 185 avaliados. Destes, os genótipos portadores de arcelina 583, 584, 816, 818 e 819, além de 570 e 610, foram selecionados como os mais promissores para os testes subseqüentes, juntamente com a variedade Bolinha, que foi utilizada como controle de suscetibilidade. Não foi observada correlação entre as características morfoagronômicas dos genótipos de P. vulgaris e a sua resistência às espécies de bruquídeos avaliadas, indicando que a resistência a estas pragas não está associada às características da flor, vagem, semente e fenologia dos genótipos. A massa de mil sementes, que é indicativa da origem dos genótipos, foi um dos descritores analisados, mostrando também que a resistência de P. vulgaris a A. obtectus e a Z. subfasciatus não está relacionada à origem dos genótipos. Em testes de livre escolha e de confinamento, avaliou-se o efeito dos genótipos selecionados no screening, juntamente com a variedade Bolinha, sobre o comportamento e biologia de Z. subfasciatus. Verificou-se que a avaliação da preferência de Z. subfasciatus por genótipos de P. vulgaris em teste de livre escolha pode ser feita com 1 dia após a infestação e que \'Bolinha\', apesar de ser suscetível a Z. subfasciatus e favorecer o seu desenvolvimento, apresenta antixenose para oviposição em relação à praga. Nos testes realizados, os genótipos contendo arcelina tenderam a ser mais resistentes que os demais sem essa proteína, sendo que os seus efeitos sobre Z. subfasciatus incluíram o aumento da mortalidade no período de desenvolvimento, alongamento desse período e redução do peso de adultos emergidos, mantendo-se, de certa forma, estáveis ao longo de duas gerações da praga. A resistência conferida pela arcelina revelou ser do tipo antibiose, tendo como causas a impropriedade nutricional e a ação no metabolismo do inseto. Com relação aos inseticidas botânicos, foram testados 3 produtos comerciais, sendo 2 à base de azadiractina e um à base de rotenona. Entre estes, o produto que mais afetou o desenvolvimento de Z. subfasciatus foi NeemPro®, derivado de nim (Azadirachta indica), o qual apresentou efeito ovicida e prolongou a duração do período de desenvolvimento de Z. subfasciatus. Frente a isto, avaliou-se o efeito associado de NeemPro® com o genótipo resistente portador de arcelina 818 sobre alguns parâmetros biológicos de Z. subfasciatus. Verificou-se que os efeitos mais severos sobre Z. subfasciatus foram causados pelo genótipo resistente, independentemente do inseticida à base de nim e que o uso associado de ambos não provoca efeito aditivo ou sinérgico, não sendo recomendado para o manejo de Z. subfasciatus. / This research was carried out to identify Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes resistant to the bean weevils Acanthoscelides obtectus and Zabrotes subfasciatus, as well as to evaluate the effect of these genotypes in association with botanical insecticides. To reach this objective, P. vulgaris accessions from the Germplasm Bank of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas and commercial insecticides from botanical origin were tested. In the initial screening, samples of bean genotypes were infested with the weevil species separately and the number of adults emerged at the 50th day after infestation was evaluated. There was no A. obtectus emergence in genotypes 525, 584 and 615, among the 49 ones screened against this pest. In relation to Z. subfasciatus, genotypes with accession numbers 2, 35, 251, 570, 583, 584, 610, 621, 634, 816, 818 and 819 showed themselves resistant among 185 screened ones. The arcelin-containing genotypes 583, 584, 816, 818 and 819, plus 570 and 610 (both lacking this protein), were selected as the most promising for additional evaluations. Bolinha variety was also used as the susceptible standard. No correlation between morpho-agronomical characteristics of the P. vulgaris genotypes and their resistance to the weevils was observed, indicating that resistance to these two pests is not associated to genotypes flower, pod and seed characters or plant phenology. The mass of 1000 seeds, which indicates the origin of genotypes, was one of the used descriptors, showing that P. vulgaris resistance to A. obtectus and Z. subfasciatus is not related to genotypes origin too. In free- and no-choice tests, it was evaluated the effect of the screened genotypes on Z. subfasciatus behavior and biology, compared to \'Bolinha\'. It was verified that in free-choice tests, the evaluation of Z. subfasciatus preference for P. vulgaris genotypes can be done 1 day after infestation. Despite being susceptible to Z. subfasciatus and supporting its development, \'Bolinha\' holds antixenosis for oviposition in relation to the pest. In the bioassays carried out, genotypes containing arcelin tended to be more resistant than those lacking this protein and their effects on Z. subfasciatus include increasing of the mortality in the developmental period, enlargement of this period and reduction in adult weight, also being stable during two pest generations. The resistance provided by arcelin revealed itself to be antibiosis, by acting as antinutrients and also as antimetabolics. In relation to botanical insecticides, 3 commercial products, 2 of them based on azadirachtin and 1 based on rotenone, were evaluated. The insecticide NeemPro®, extracted from neem (Azadirachta indica) was the only one significantly causing ovicidal effect and enlarging Z. subfasciatus developmental period. Based on these results, the associated effect of NeemPro® and the resistant arcelin-containing P. vulgaris genotype 818 on some Z. subfasciatus biological parameters was evaluated. It was verified that the most severe effects on Z. subfasciatus were caused by the resistant bean genotype, independently of the neem based insecticide. The associated use of these two control methods no results in additive or synergistc effect and is not recommended for the management of Z. subfasciatus.
22

Efeito da utiliza??o de ?leo de nim (Azadirachta indica) por via d?rmica e da moxidectina por via subcut?nea na preven??o de infesta??es artificiais por Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) em bovinos. / Effect of application of neen oil (Azadirachta indica) dermal and moxidectin subcutaneously in the prevention of infestations artificials by Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) in cattle.

Vilela, Joice Aparecida Rezende 04 March 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Joice Aparecida Rezende Vilela.pdf: 1244449 bytes, checksum: 335f88e6cd41b29936d7ce97d585c143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, has obligatory parasitic larval forms of the subcutaneous tissue of domestic animals, wildlife and man, causing nodule myiasis. Its importance for the cattle industry is related to the economic damages caused by those larvae. The conventional chemical control has facing some problems such as the accelerated development of resistance and residues in animal products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevention of botfly myiasis through the use of phytotherapic neen and of the moxidectin observing the capacity of interference in the evolution of parasite biology. For later infestation, third instar larvae were collected and kept in BOD at temperature of 27 ? 1?C and 10% R.U for pupation. After 24 to 31 days, emerged adults were placed in cages with Musca domestica and Chrysomya albiceps, used as a vector for oviposition of D. hominis. The vector carrying eggs were captured and placed in BOD. After 4 to 6 days, first instar larvae were maintained in BOD at 19? C, until host infestation. In the experimental lineation was used 12 male cattle free of D. hominis natural infestation. The animals were previously placed in screened stalls in the W.O. NEITZ Research Station at UFRRJ, receiving concentrated feed, grass, and water. The cattle was distributed into three groups with four animals and submitted to the treatments, being a control animal (treated with water pouredon), two animals treated with commercial products A and B of neem oil (Azadirachta indica, 2000 ppm of the active principle Azadirachtin) applied as a pour-on (50 ml for animal), and one animal treated with moxidectin 10% long action injected subcutaneously (1ml/100 kg) in the back of the ear. Each animal was infested with 30 first instar larvae (L1) on days 03, 07, 14, and 21 after treatment. The outbreak of L1 was stimulated by thermal source and larvae were transferred with a fine brush to a shaved region along the bovine back. The infestations were mapped for monitoring every two days to evaluation of efficacy and residual effect of treatments in accordance with the larval survival at different periods of infestation. With the purpose of verify possible collateral effects, were accomplished clinical and laboratorial examinations of the animals, before and 15 days after the treatments. Regarding efficacy, the neem products applied as pour-on had statistical not significant effectiveness for inhibition of larvae development. On the other hand, injectable moxidectin 10% showed 100% efficacy until day 14 and although larvae penetration was not precluded, larvae development was inhibited, but from day 21, did not inhibit the development of the penetrated larvae. The third instar larvae that developed after the treatments were collected and kept in BOD for observation of some biological parameters. It was observed that larvae from all treatments showed regular pupation, emergence of morphologically normal flies and the presence of viable postures. / Dermatobia hominis, a mosca do berne, possui formas larvais parasitas obrigat?rios do tecido subcut?neo de animais dom?sticos, silvestres e do homem, provocando mi?ase nodular. Sua import?ncia na bovinocultura relaciona-se aos preju?zos econ?micos determinados pelas formas evolutivas larvais. No controle qu?mico convencional tem sido observado desenvolvimento acelerado de resist?ncia e res?duos nos produtos animais. Os objetivos do experimento foram avaliar a preven??o da dermatobiose atrav?s do uso do fitoter?pico nim e da moxidectina, observando a capacidade de interfer?ncia na evolu??o da biologia parasit?ria. Para a infesta??o, foram coletadas larvas de terceiro instar, que foram mantidas em estufa B.O.D. ? temperatura de 27 ? 1?C e 70 ? 10% U.R para a pupa??o. Ap?s 24 a 31 dias, os adultos que emergiram foram colocados em gaiolas com Musca domestica e Chrysomya albiceps, vetores para oviposi??o de D. hominis. Os vetores portadores de ovos foram capturados e acondicionados em estufa B.O.D. Ap?s 4 a 6 dias, as larvas de primeiro instar, em eclos?o foram mantidas a 19?C, at? o momento da infesta??o. No delineamento experimental utilizaram-se 12 bovinos machos, livres de infesta??o por D. hominis. Os animais foram estabulados em baias teladas na Esta??o de Pesquisas Parasitol?gicas W.O. NEITZ, da UFRRJ, recebendo ra??o concentrada, capim picado e ?gua ad libitum. Os bovinos foram distribuidos em tr?s grupos com quatro animais e submetidos aos tratamentos, sendo um animal controle (tratado com ?gua aplicada pour-on), dois animais tratados com produtos comerciais A e B ? base de ?leo de nim (Azadirachta indica, concentra??o de 2000 ppm do princ?pio ativo Azadirachtina) em aplica??o pour-on ao longo do dorso dos animais, dose de 50 ml por animal, e um tratado com moxidectina ? 10% Longa A??o, dose de 1ml/100 kg, em inje??o subcut?nea na parte posterior da orelha. Cada animal foi infestado com 30 larvas L1 nos dias 03, 07, 14 e 21 ap?s os tratamentos. A eclos?o das L1 foi estimulada por fonte t?rmica, e as mesmas colocadas com um pincel fino sobre a regi?o tricotomizada ao longo do dorso. As infesta??es foram mapeadas para acompanhamento a cada dois dias para avalia??o da efic?cia e tempo residual dos tratamentos de acordo com a sobreviv?ncia larval nos diferentes per?odos de infesta??o. Com a finalidade de se verificar poss?veis efeitos colaterais foram realizados exames cl?nico e laboratorial dos animais, antes e 15 dias ap?s os tratamentos. N?o foram observados altera??o dos par?metros cl?nico-laboratoriais. Com rela??o ? efic?cia, os produtos do Nim tiveram efic?cia estatisticamente n?o significativa na forma de aplica??o pour-on, na inibi??o do desenvolvimento parasit?rio. A moxidectina ? 10% apresentou efic?cia de 100% at? o 14? dia, n?o impedindo a penetra??o da larva mas a evolu??o parasit?ria, e a partir do 21? dia n?o inibiu o desenvolvimento das larvas penetradas. As larvas L3 que se desenvolveram ap?s os tratamentos, foram coletadas e mantidas em B.O.D para observa??o de alguns par?metros biol?gicos. Constatou-se que as larvas das L3 provenientes de todos tratamentos evoluiram para pupa??o, emerg?ncia de moscas morfologicamente normais e presen?a de posturas vi?veis.
23

Efic?cia do nim (Azadirachta indica) no controle dos ectoparasitos dos animais dom?sticos. / Efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) on the control of ectoparasites of domestic animals.

Fernandes, Julio Israel 12 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Julio Israel Fernandes01.pdf: 241205 bytes, checksum: acf25f30582f3e1be75cca7a9fed8334 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) extract on the control of major ectoparasites of domestic animals through in vitro and/or in vivo assays. The product presented effect similar to arthropod growth regulators, inhibiting the development of subsequent stages of Ctenocephalides felis felis and Musca domestica, in which was possible to observe morphological alterations on pupae. Miticidal effects were observed on Otodectes cynotis and, Sarcoptes scabiei on dogs, Notoedres cati on cats and Psoroptes ovis on rabbits, where a dose dependent effect could be observed. Neem did not present efficacy on the control of Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks. High concentrations of neem lead to a moderate efficacy on the control of R. sanguineus engorged females in vitro. However, tests in vivo showed low efficacy when used at high concentrations. Already with adults of the same species, the percentage of hatch of larvae was the main parameter to submit the amendment. The neem emulsion did not showed efficacy on the control of canine demodicosis. However, a significant clinical improvement was observed, possibly due to anti-inflammatory properties of the phytotherapic. Despite considered safe to domestic animals, the product lead to grave side effects in all daily treated rabbits, occasioning erythematous areas with alopecia, macules and papules. Similar effects were observed in a single dog which presented sensibility to the product. Cats presented intense transitory sialorrhea caused by ingestion of small quantity of the product during self-grooming. Other animals did not showed adverse effects following product application. / Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a efic?cia da emuls?o de nim (Azadirachta indica) no controle dos principais ectoparasitos dos animais dom?sticos atrav?s de testes in vitro e/ou in vivo. Verificou-se efeito similar aos reguladores de crescimento de artr?podes, inibindo o desenvolvimento dos est?gios subsequentes de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Efeitos adulticidas foram observados ao administrar o nim em Otodectes cynotis, e Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis em c?es, Notoedres cati, em gatos e Psoroptes ovis em coelhos, onde o efeito dose dependente pode ser observado. O nim n?o apresentou efic?cia no controle dos carrapatos das esp?cies Amblyomma cajennense e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Altas concentra??es de nim levaram a uma efic?cia moderada no controle de f?meas ingurgitadas do carrapato R. sanguineus em testes in vitro. Entretanto, os testes in vivo apresentaram baixa efic?cia quando utilizado em altas concentra??es. J? com adultos da mesma esp?cie, o percentual de eclos?o das larvas foi o principal par?metro a apresentar altera??o. A emuls?o de nim n?o apresentou efic?cia no controle da sarna demod?cica em c?es, entretanto houve melhora das les?es cl?nicas possivelmente devido ?s propriedades anti-inflamat?rias do fitoter?pico. Embora o produto seja considerado seguro para animais dom?sticos, graves efeitos colaterais foram observados em todos os coelhos tratados diariamente com o produto fitoter?pico, ocasionando ?reas eritematosas com alopecia, m?culas e p?pulas. Efeitos similares foram observados em apenas um c?o que demonstrou sensibilidade ao produto. J? os gatos apresentaram intensa sialorr?ia transit?ria causada pela ingest?o de pequena quantidade de produto devido ao h?bito de se lamber dos felinos. Nos demais animais n?o foram observados efeitos adversos ap?s a aplica??o do produto.
24

Subtraction Games: Range and Strict Periodicity

Blackham, Bryce Emerson 01 April 2018 (has links)
In this paper I introduce some background for subtraction games and explore the Sprague-Grundy functions defined on them. I exhibit some subtraction games where the functions are guaranteed to be strictly periodic. I also exhibit a class of subtraction games which have bounded range, and show there are uncountably many of these.
25

A protocol for professional nurses regarding the management of nurse initiated management of antiretroviral therapy (NIMART) in the Ehlanzeni District, Mphumalanga Province, South Africa

Sekatane, Patricia Thato January 2014 (has links)
Thesis (M.Cur.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The purpose of the study was to develop protocol for professional nurses regarding NIMART management that is based on data and specific challenges that are faced in the Ehlanzeni district by professional nurses. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research design was used for this study. The population consisted of all professional nurses who are NIMART trained, managing and initiating patients on ARV’s at primary health care clinics. Systematic random sampling method was used to select 135 respondents. Data was collected through the self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre tested. Reliability was ensured through self-administered questionnaire and with the guide of literature review. The questionnaire was also pre tested by conducting a pilot study. Validity was ensured through undertaking extensive literature review, giving operational definitions of concepts, questionnaires were given to supervisors, questions constructed according to the objectives of the study and congruence was ensured between research questions, objectives, findings and recommendations. Data analysis was done through descriptive studies, using SPSS statistics 21.0 programme of data analysis with the assistance of the statistician. The findings indicate that challenges faced by professional nurses regarding nurse initiated and management of antiretroviral therapy are be lack of professional nurses, fear of infecting themselves while treating HIV positive patients, patients do not come on their return dates, encountering problems when they trace defaulters and shortage of retroviral drugs. The study recommends that staff shortage should be addressed, medicine supply should be monitored, a competent HIV trained doctor should be appointed and dedicated outreach team should be appointed. Keywords: NIM-ART, HIV/AIDS, Professional nurse
26

A protocol for professional nurses regarding the management of nurse initiated management of antiretroviral therapy (NIMART) in the Ehlanzeni District, Mphumalanga Province, South Africa

Sekatane, Patricia Thato January 2014 (has links)
Thesis (M.CUR.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The purpose of the study was to develop protocol for professional nurses regarding NIMART management that is based on data and specific challenges that are faced in the Ehlanzeni district by professional nurses. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research design was used for this study. The population consisted of all professional nurses who are NIMART trained, managing and initiating patients on ARV’s at primary health care clinics. Systematic random sampling method was used to select 135 respondents. Data was collected through the self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre tested. Reliability was ensured through self-administered questionnaire and with the guide of literature review. The questionnaire was also pre tested by conducting a pilot study. Validity was ensured through undertaking extensive literature review, giving operational definitions of concepts, questionnaires were given to supervisors, questions constructed according to the objectives of the study and congruence was ensured between research questions, objectives, findings and recommendations. Data analysis was done through descriptive studies, using SPSS statistics 21.0 programme of data analysis with the assistance of the statistician. The findings indicate that challenges faced by professional nurses regarding nurse initiated and management of antiretroviral therapy are be lack of professional nurses, fear of infecting themselves while treating HIV positive patients, patients do not come on their return dates, encountering problems when they trace defaulters and shortage of retroviral drugs. The study recommends that staff shortage should be addressed, medicine supply should be monitored, a competent HIV trained doctor should be appointed and dedicated outreach team should be appointed. Keywords: NIM-ART, HIV/AIDS, Professional nurse
27

Lagererfahrung und Identität literarische Spiegelungen sowjetischer Lagerhaft in Texten von Varlam Šalamov, Lev Konson, Naum Nim und Andrej Sinjavskij

Thaidigsmann, Karoline January 2009 (has links)
Zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2009
28

Remoção de corantes de efluentes têxteis utilizando folhas de Azadirachta indica como adsorvente

Immich, Ana Paula Serafini January 2006 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T14:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 233095.pdf: 2540737 bytes, checksum: 2a99c364a0318d5cb256970cca4fb55b (MD5) / A remoção de corantes presentes em efluentes industriais tem recebido enorme atenção nos últimos anos. Isto se deve ao aumento da conscientização e rigidez das leis ambientais. A adsorção é uma das técnicas que tem sido empregada com sucesso para uma remoção efetiva da cor. Porém, a eficiência do processo de adsorção depende da escolha de um adsorvente apropriado. Devido ao alto custo de alguns adsorventes convencionais, pesquisas vêm sendo direcionadas para o uso de adsorventes alternativos, como é o caso da folha da árvore de Neem. A árvore de Neem (Azadirachta indica) é nativa da Índia e sua importância é reconhecida pela Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos, a qual publicou um relatório, em 1992, intitulado "Neem - uma árvore para resolver os problemas mundiais". O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a aplicação das folhas de Neem como um adsorvente alternativo para remoção de corantes presentes em efluentes têxteis. O corante utilizado para o estudo foi o corante reativo Azul Remazol RR. Visando obter as melhores condições de remoção deste corante, verificou-se a influência dos seguintes parâmetros: pH da solução aquosa, agitação do banho, adição de sal (sulfato de sódio), temperatura da mistura e granulometria do adsorvente. As melhores condições obtidas para a adsorção do corante reativo Azul Remazol RR foram empregadas para a adsorção do corante ácido Azul Lanaset 2R e do corante básico Azul Maxilon GRL, visando verificar a eficiência do adsorvente com relação a diferentes classes de corantes. Espectrofotometria foi a técnica de análise utilizada para medir a concentração de corante remanescente na fase fluida, após o processo de adsorção com folhas de Neem. Os modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich e Radke & Prausnitz foram utilizados para ajustar os dados experimentais da variação da concentração do soluto adsorvido na fase sólida (adsorvente) em função da concentração de equilíbrio na fase fluida e apresentaram boa correlação. De acordo com os dados experimentais, a remoção do corante Azul Maxilon GRL utilizando folhas de Neem como adsorvente alternativo foi superior a 99%. Para os corantes Azul Lanaset 2R e Azul Remazol RR, a remoção foi de aproximadamente 97% e 90%, respectivamente. Para avaliação final do efluente resultante após o processo de adsorção com folhas de Neem, foram realizados testes de toxicidade aguda com Artemia salina e Daphnia magna, donde se obteve que o extrato da folha de Neem pode ser responsável pelo aumento da toxicidade da solução corante. Dessa forma, o extrato da folha foi removido e um novo ensaio foi realizado obtendo-se melhores resultados. Contudo, a remoção de corantes presentes em efluentes têxteis utilizando folhas de Neem como adsorvente apresentou ótimos resultados, podendo este ser empregado na indústria como alternativa para o tratamento dos rejeitos têxteis. The removal of dyes present in industrial effluent has received great attention in the last few years. It is due to the increase of awareness and rigidity of the environmental rules. Adsorption is one of the techniques that has been used with success for the effective removal of dyes. However, the efficiency of the adsorption process depends on the choice of a proper adsorbent. Because of the high cost of some conventional adsorbent, researches have been directed to the use of alternative adsorbent, such as the Neem tree leaves. The Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is native from India and its importance has been recognized by the US National Academy of Sciences, which published a report in 1992 entitled #Neem # a tree for solving global problems#. The aim of the present work was to investigate the use of Neem leaves as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of dyes present in the textile effluent. The dyestuff studied was the reactive dye Remazol Blue RR. In order to get the best removal condition for this dye, it was verified the influence of the following parameters: aqueous solution pH, agitation, addition of sodium sulfate, temperature of mixture and adsorbent particle size. The best conditions obtained for the adsorption of reactive dye Remazol Blue RR were used for the adsorption of the acid dye Lanaset Blue 2R and for the basic dye Maxilon Blue GRL in order to verify the efficiency of the adsorbent for different dye classes. Spectrofotometry was the technique used to measure the concentration of the dye remained in the fluid phase after the adsorption process using Neem tree leaves. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Radke & Prausnitz models were used to adjust the experimental data of changes in the concentration of the solute adsorbed on the solid phase (adsorbent) according to the equilibrium concentration of the fluid phase and showed good correlation. According to the experimental data, the removal of Maxilon Blue GRL using Neem tree leaves as an alternative adsorbent was superior to 99%. For the dyes Lanaset Blue 2R and Remazol Blue RR the removal was approximately 97% and 90%, respectively. For the final evaluation of the effluent after the adsorption process using Neem tree leaves, acute toxicity tests were carried out with Artemia salina and Daphnia magna, and the result obtained showed that the extract from Neem leaves might be responsible for the increase in dye solution toxicity. According to this, the extract from the leaves was removed and a new experiment was carried out with better results. However, the removal of dyes present in textile effluent using Neem tree leaves as adsorbent showed great results, which could be used in industry as an alternative for the treatment of textile discarding.
29

Listopasi rodu Sitona na hrachu a ochrana proti nim

Zdražilová, Miroslava January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
30

Efeitos do óleo da semente de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) nos ovócitos e glândulas salivares de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Remedio, Rafael Neodini [UNESP] 13 November 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:28:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-13. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:33:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856112.pdf: 4422258 bytes, checksum: 675eb8d60dbbf40c256acc5ba1788f42 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus têm atraído, nos últimos anos, a atenção de pesquisadores, bem como de órgãos gerenciadores da saúde pública, por estarem se tornando grandes pragas urbanas, transmissoras de doenças para cães e humanos. Por esta razão, a busca por formulações com ação acaricida tem sido preocupação constante das indústrias farmacêuticas veterinárias. No entanto, a grande maioria dos produtos atualmente comercializados apresenta alta toxicidade aos hospedeiros dos ectoparasitas e ao meio ambiente, induzindo, inclusive, resistência nos carrapatos. Métodos alternativos de controle, como o uso de extratos de plantas, por exemplo, têm se tornado cada vez mais interessantes, já que apresentam menores custos e baixa toxicidade. Neste sentido, destaca-se a espécie Azadirachta indica (neem), cujos extratos de folhas e sementes apresentam reconhecido potencial repelente, inseticida e acaricida. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações morfológicas observadas no ovário e nas glândulas salivares de fêmeas semiingurgitadas de carrapatos R. sanguineus, submetidas à aplicação tópica do óleo extraído das sementes de neem, nas concentrações de 20, 40 e 60%, utilizando-se etanol aquoso a 10% como solvente. Os órgãos foram coletados, fixados, e analisados por meio de técnicas de microscopia de luz convencional, microscopia confocal de varredura a laser e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. De forma geral, a metodologia proposta neste trabalho permitiu a simulação de um tratamento tópico dos animais infestados, tornando os resultados obtidos mais próximos de uma aplicação prática em campo. Em ambos os órgãos analisados, o óleo de neem demonstrou efeitos claramente dose-dependentes. Os ovócitos e os ácinos glandulares de carrapatos R. sanguineus exibiram alterações morfológicas semelhantes, tais como sinais evidentes de desorganização citoplasmática,... / Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks have attracted, in recent years, the attention of researchers as well as public health managers, since they have become major urban pests, transmitters of diseases to humans and dogs. For this reason, the search for formulations with acaricide action has been constant concern of veterinary pharmaceutical industries. However, the vast majority of products currently commercialized exhibits high toxicity to the hosts of these ectoparasites and to the environment, even inducing resistance in ticks. Alternative control methods such as the use of plant extracts, for example, have become increasingly interesting, since they have reduced costs and low toxicity. In this sense, Azadirachta indica (neem) species stands out, as its leaf and seed extracts have recognized repellent, insecticide and acaricide potential. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological alterations resulting from the action of neem in the ovary and salivary glands of semi-engorged R. sanguineus female ticks, subjected to the topical application of the oil extracted from neem seeds, at concentrations of 20, 40 and 60%, using 10% aqueous ethanol as solvent. The organs were collected and fixed, and analyzed by means of techniques in conventional light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In general, the methodology proposed in this work allowed the simulation of a topical treatment of the infested animals, making the results closer to a practical application in field. In both analyzed organs, neem oil clearly demonstrated a dose-dependent effect. Oocytes and glandular acini of R. sanguineus ticks exhibited similar morphological changes, such as evident signs of cytoplasmic disorganization, cellular vacuolation, nuclear or nucleolar irregularities, dilation of mitochondrial cristae, as well as dilation in rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen. These facts show that, regardless of the organ, neem ...

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