Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T15:55:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 regina_silva_santos.pdf: 994226 bytes, checksum: 2d65c8a318f4c25b5c82de13adb8fbad (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T15:56:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 regina_silva_santos.pdf: 994226 bytes, checksum: 2d65c8a318f4c25b5c82de13adb8fbad (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T15:56:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 regina_silva_santos.pdf: 994226 bytes, checksum: 2d65c8a318f4c25b5c82de13adb8fbad (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-05T15:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 regina_silva_santos.pdf: 994226 bytes, checksum: 2d65c8a318f4c25b5c82de13adb8fbad (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar o efeito de dietas, contendo dois n?veis de prote?na bruta e de concentrado sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes, o balan?o de nitrog?nio (BN), o pH, a concentra??o de nitrog?nio amoniacal (N-NH3) no r?men, a efici?ncia microbiana e o desempenho em cordeiros. As dietas consistiram de 10,0 e 14,25% de prote?na bruta (PB) e de 40 e 60% de concentrado (CONC), utilizando-se a silagem de milho como volumoso. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados quatro cordeiros machos, n?o castrados, F1 Santa In?s x Texel desmamados, com peso vivo m?dio de 21 kg, fistulados no r?men e distribu?dos em quadrado latino 4 x 4, com quatro animais, quatro dietas e quatro per?odos. Cada per?odo experimental teve dura??o de 15 dias, sendo nove dias para adapta??o e seis para coletas. Houve efeito da intera??o tripla (PBxCONCxTempo) sobre os teores de nitrog?nio amoniacal ruminal, enquanto o pH n?o foi afetado. N?o houve efeito da intera??o PB x CONC sobre as vari?veis estudadas. Houve efeito de n?veis de PB sobre o consumo e a digestibildade de PB, bem como, sobre as quantidades de N ingerido, absorvido, urin?rio e retido (BN) e sobre as excre??es de ?cido ?rico. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 30 cordeiros F1 Santa In?s x Texel, n?o castrados, com peso vivo m?dio de 19 kg, distribu?dos em esquema fatorial 2x2, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro dietas e oito repeti??es. Al?m desses, mais quatro cordeiros foram abatidos no in?cio da fase experimental, representando os animais refer?ncia. Houve efeito da intera??o de n?veis de PB e de concentrado para os consumos de EE, FDNcp e CNF. Houve efeito de n?veis de PB sobre os consumos de MS, MO, PB, FDNcp, NDT, PDR e PNDR, o GMD, GCPCJ e a CA. Houve efeito dos n?veis de concentrado sobre os consumos de MS, MO, PB, CNF e NDT e sobre GMD, GCPCJ, GCPCJ/GMD e CA. Conclui-se que, dietas com n?vel mais alto de PB ou de concentrado, proporcionam mais alto consumo de nutrientes e melhor desempenho animal. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Two essays were performed in order to evaluate the effects of diets containing two levels of crude protein and concentrate on the consumption, the total apparent digestibility of the nutrients, the nitrogen balance, the pH, the N-NH3 concentration in the rumen, the microbial efficiency and the performance in lambs. The diets consisted of 10,0 and 14,25% crude protein (CP) and 40 and 60% concentrate, using corn silage as forage. In the digestibility essay, four male lambs were used. The animals were not castrated, F1 Santa In?s x Texel, weaned, rumen fistulated, presented an average live weight of 21 kg and were distributed in Latin square 4 x 4, with four diets and four periods. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, being nine of it for adaptation and six for the collections. Triple interaction (CP x CONC x Time) acted on the ruminal ammonia nitrogen contents, while the pH was not affected. The interaction between CP x CONC had no effect on the studied variables. The CP levels presented an effect on the consumption and the PB digestibility, as for the amounts of ingested, absorbed and urinary nitrogen and for the uric acid excretions. In the performance essays, 30 ?F1 Santa In?s x Texel? castrated lambs were used, presenting an average live weight of 19 kg and distributed in the randomized block design using four treatments and eight replicates. Beside these lambs, other four were slaughtered in the beginning of the experimental phase, representing the reference animals. The PB and the concentrate levels interaction affected the EE, NDFap and NFC consumption. The CP levels also affected the DM, OM, CP, NDFap, TDN, RDP and RUP, ADG, CGBWF and FC consumption. The concentrate levels affected DM, OM, CP, NFCap and TDN and also ADG, CGBWF, GCBWF/ADG and FC replicates. So, we conclude the crude protein and concentrate levels do not affect the nutrients consumption and digestibility, except for the crude protein which is higher in a diet with high protein levels, that also provide higher nitrogen balance values, N-NH3 concentrations and uric acid excretions. The diets containing 14,25% PB or 60% concentrate promote higher nutrients consumptions and better lambs performances.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-18T16:55:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_adna_barbosa_sena.pdf: 803348 bytes, checksum: 7fcbe004c490cd56b913efb2969519b6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-18T16:56:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_adna_barbosa_sena.pdf: 803348 bytes, checksum: 7fcbe004c490cd56b913efb2969519b6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-18T16:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_adna_barbosa_sena.pdf: 803348 bytes, checksum: 7fcbe004c490cd56b913efb2969519b6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O experimento foi conduzido no Campus Experimental Moura, no Laborat?rio de Ruminantes do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri ? Curvelo, MG. Foram utilizados para o ensaio de digestibilidade 12 ovinos, machos mesti?os Santa In?s, alimentados com quatro dietas totais, com diferentes n?veis de substitui??o do feno de Tifton 85 pelo res?duo de maracuj?: 0% (controle); 20%; 40% e 60% de substitui??o. Avaliou-se o consumo e fez-se coleta total de fezes e urina, com devidas amostragens para posteriores an?lises. O delineamento utilizado foi o DIC, com peso inicial como covari?vel. O consumo de nutrientes n?o foi influenciado pelos n?veis de substitui??o. ? exce??o da FDN, n?o houve diferen?a significativa para a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, bem como para o balan?o de nitrog?nio. Para o ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados 20 animais, machos mesti?os Santa In?s, confinados. Os mesmos tratamentos foram testados. Ra??es fornecidas e sobras foram amostradas para an?lises. Pesagens foram realizadas semanalmente para avaliar o ganho de peso. Ao final de 63 dias de confinamento avaliou-se as medidas biom?tricas e os animais foram abatidos. Avaliou-se ent?o, pesos e rendimentos de carca?a, e os componentes n?o-carca?a. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados, sendo as m?dias submetidas ? an?lise de regress?o pelo PROC GLM do programa estat?stico SAS (SAS, 2002). Os consumos de MS e PB foram influenciados pelos tratamentos, com superioridade para o n?vel de 40% de substitui??o; assim como os ganhos em peso. Para os rendimentos de carca?a os melhores resultados foram registrados para 60% de substitui??o. Para a an?lise de cortes e medidas biom?tricas apenas a paleta e a circunfer?ncia de t?rax diferiram, assim como r?men/ret?culo, omaso e intestino delgado para os componentes n?o-carca?a. Recomenda-se a substitui??o do feno pelo res?duo de maracuj? quando houver redu??o no custo da dieta. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted at Moura?s Experimental Campus, in the Laboratory of Ruminants, Department of Animal Science, University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, in the town of Curvelo, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. There had been used for the digestibility trial 12 sheep, Santa Inez crossbred males fed with four diets in total, with different levels of substitution of Tifton 85 hay by the residue of passion fruit: 0% (control), 20%, 40% and 60% replacements. Consumption was evaluated and there was a total collection of feces and urine, with appropriate samples for further analysis. The experimental design was randomized with initial weight as covariate. The nutrient intake was not influenced by levels of substitution. With the exception of the NDF, there was no significant difference in the apparent digestibility of nutrients, or with nitrogen balance. For the performance test were used 20 confined animals, male crossbred Santa In?s. The same treatments were tested. Rations were supplied and sampled for analysis. Weight measurements were performed weekly to assess weight gain. At the end of 63 days of confinement was evaluated biometric measurements and the animals were slaughtered. Therefore, there have been analyzed, weights and carcass, and non-housing components. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and the means subjected to regression analysis using PROC GLM of SAS statistical software (SAS, 2002). The intake of DM and CP were influenced by treatments with high values to the level of 40% substitution, as well as gains in weight. For carcass yield the best results were recorded for 60% substitution. For analysis of cuts and biometric measures only the palette and chest circumference differed, as well as rumen/reticulum, omasum and small intestine for non-housing components. It is recommended to replace the hay residue of passion when there is a reduction in the cost of the diet

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-18T18:04:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_lima_silva.pdf: 2943351 bytes, checksum: eedd3d2b236bb813951c76f45384d9d9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-18T18:04:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_lima_silva.pdf: 2943351 bytes, checksum: eedd3d2b236bb813951c76f45384d9d9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-18T18:04:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_lima_silva.pdf: 2943351 bytes, checksum: eedd3d2b236bb813951c76f45384d9d9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar o efeito de dietas com diferentes n?veis de prote?na degrad?vel no r?men (PDR) sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes, o balan?o de nitrog?nio e o desempenho em cordeiros. As dietas consistiram de quatro n?veis de PDR (9,15; 9,97; 10,79 e 11,61% na MS), correspondentes a 14,25; 15,50; 16,75 e 18,00% de PB, com 40% de silagem de milho e 60% de concentrado, na base da mat?ria seca. No ensaio de digestibilidade e balan?o de nitrog?nio foram utilizados oito cordeiros machos inteiros da ra?a Santa In?s, com peso vivo m?dio de 26,9 e 24,7 kg, distribu?dos em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4. Cada per?odo experimental teve a dura??o de 15 dias, sendo 10 para adapta??o e cinco para coletas. Os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas metab?licas individuais, usando-se sacolas para coleta total de fezes, para fins de c?lculos dos coeficientes de digestibilidade in vivo. A coleta de urina foi realizada durante 24 horas, utilizando-se baldes pl?sticos cobertos com telas, quando mediu-se o volume da quantidade excretada nesse per?odo. N?o houve efeito de n?veis crescentes de PDR sobre os consumos de nutrientes, exceto de PDR. As digestibilidades aparentes totais dos nutrientes, bem como o balan?o de nitrog?nio, tamb?m n?o foram influenciadas pelos n?veis de PDR. No ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados 31 cordeiros machos inteiros da ra?a Santa In?s, com peso vivo m?dio de 22,0 kg, distribu?dos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (9,15 a 11,61% de PDR na MS), tr?s com oito repeti??es e um com sete repeti??es. Al?m desses animais, mais quatro foram abatidos no in?cio da fase experimental, representando os animais-refer?ncia na metodologia do abate comparativo. N?o houve efeito de n?veis crescentes de PDR sobre os consumos de nutrientes, exceto de PB, PDR e PNDR, bem como para o peso vivo ao abate, ganho de peso total, ganho m?dio di?rio, convers?o alimentar e caracter?sticas de carca?a (peso, ganho e rendimento). Conclui-se que os n?veis de PDR, de 9,15 a 11,61% na MS das dietas, n?o alteram o consumo de nutrientes, exceto de PB, PDR e PNDR, nem a digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes, o balan?o de nitrog?nio e o desempenho de cordeiros. Assim, pode-se recomendar a utiliza??o do n?vel mais baixo de PDR (9,15% na MS, com 14,25% de PB), contribuindo para a redu??o da excre??o de nitrog?nio no ambiente e de custos no sistema de produ??o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of diets with different levels of rumen degradable protein (RDP) on the intake, total apparent digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance and performance in lambs. Diets consisted of four levels of RDP (9.15, 9.97, 10.79 and 11.61% in DM), corresponding to 14.25, 15.50, 16.75 and 18.00% CP, with 40% corn silage and 60% concentrated on dry matter basis. In the digestibility trial and nitrogen balance were used eight Santa In?s lambs, with average weight of 26.9 and 24.7 kg divided into two 4 x 4 latin squares. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, considering 10 for adaptation and five for collections. The animals were kept in individual metabolic cages, using bags for total fecal collection for purposes of calculating the digestibility in vivo. The urine collection was performed during 24 hours, using plastic buckets covered with canvas, when the volume of the amount excreted in this period was measured. There was no effect of increasing levels of RDP on the nutrients intake, except for RDP. The apparent digestibilities of nutrients and nitrogen balance were also not influenced by levels of RDP. In the performance test were used 31 male Santa In?s lambs, with average weight of 22.0 kg, allotted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (9.15 to 11.61% RDP in DM), three with eight and one with seven replicates. Besides these animals, four were slaughtered in the early experimental stage, representing the reference animals in the methodology of comparative slaughter. There was no effect of increasing levels of RDP on intake of nutrients, except for CP, RDP and RUP as well as the slaughter live weight, total weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion and carcass traits (weight, gain and yield). We conclude that levels of RDP, from 9.15 to 11.61% in DM of diets, do not alter nutrient intake, except for CP, RDP and RUP nor the total apparent digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance and lambs performance. Thus, we can recommend the use of the lower level of RDP (9.15% DM, with 14.25% CP), contributing to the reduction of nitrogen excretion in the environment and of costs in the production system.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005 - Jose Milton Alves.pdf: 656917 bytes, checksum: a6be51ffb2d9849d6fe513c9574db587 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-01-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Two experiments were carried out at field conditions in the Department de Fitotecnia UFRRJ with the aims of the study the effect of molybdenum in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). The seeds from the cultivar CNCx 409-11F-P2 were used with a plant population of 200.000 plants.ha-1. The first experiment was arranged in a factorial block design with 4 replications, 5 levels of Mo (100, 200, 400, 800 g.ha-1) applied in the leaves and the control, 3 times of application (32 days after germination, flowering period and seed pod filling). During the plant development, 3 harvests were made: 48 and 79 DAG and at the end of plant grown. The parameters analyzed were: number and weight of nodules, shoot and root dry weight and productivity. At the second experiment, the treatments were applied: two levels of pH (5.5 and 6.5); six levels of Mo (20, 40, 80, 160, 1280 g. ha-1) applied in the leaves and the control; 2 ways of Mo application (in the soil and foliar application); with 4 replications. The harvests were made at 62, 73 and 87 DAG and at the end of plant growth. The parameters analyzed were: number and weight of nodules, shoot and root dry weight, productivity and Mo concentration in the seeds. The foliar applications of Mo increase the number of nodules. Occurred a significant variation of weight of nodules shoot and root dry weight in function of the form of Mo application, soil or leaves. The range of Mo concentration in the seeds was between 0,45 and 26,93 g.Mo.semente-1. / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na ?rea experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFRRJ com o objetivo de estudar a aplica??o de molibd?nio em plantas de caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Foram conduzidos dois experimentos utilizando sementes da linhagem CNCx 409-11F-P2 obtendo-se uma popula??o final de 200 mil plantas.ha-1. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido em um esquema fatorial em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 4 repeti??es, 5 n?veis de Mo aplicados via foliar (100, 200, 400, 800 g.ha-1) e testemunha, 3 ?pocas de aplica??o (32 Dias Ap?s a Germina??o, Flora??o Plena e Enchimento dos Gr?os), num total de 60 parcelas. Durante o per?odo de desenvolvimento da cultura foram realizadas coletas das plantas com 48 e 79 DAG e no final do ciclo da cultura, para determina??o do n?mero de n?dulos, do peso de n?dulos secos, do peso da parte a?rea e da raiz secas e produtividade. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 2 n?veis de pH (5,5 e 6,5), 6 n?veis de Mo via foliar (20, 40, 80, 160, 1280 g.ha-1) e testemunha, 2 formas de aplica??o do molibd?nio (sulco e foliar) que ocorreu com 56 DAG e 4 repeti??es, num total de 96 parcelas. Foram realizadas coletas das plantas com: 62, 73 e 87 DAG e no final do desenvolvimento da cultura, onde foram determinados o n?mero de n?dulos, peso de n?dulos secos, do peso da parte a?rea e da raiz secas, produtividade e concentra??o de molibd?nio nas sementes. A aplica??o foliar de Mo aumentou o n?mero de n?dulos das plantas de caupi. Ocorreu uma grande varia??o das caracter?sticas avaliadas, peso de n?dulo, raiz e parte a?rea secas em fun??o da forma de aplica??o de Mo e do pH do solo. O aumento da concentra??o de molibd?nio nas sementes foi linear, independente da forma de aplica??o e do pH. As concentra??es de Mo encontradas nas sementes ficaram entre 0,45 a 26,93 g.Mo.semente-1.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Humberto Antao de Sousa e Silva.pdf: 1812876 bytes, checksum: fc5dddb0fe3112c5b22807ccdce3e05b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In a modern cattle-breeding using pastures that allows a gain of weight is an essential factor. The Arachis pintoi is an option to a good alimentary diet and to the recuperation of degraded pastures, due to its potential in biological fixation of nitrogen and resistance to acid soil with high contents of aluminium. Experiments were conducted in greenhouse and growth chamber condition, in order to study the behavior of Arachis pintoi (Amarillo cv., Belmonte cv. and accession BRA-031534) in its relation to inoculation with rhizobial strains, aluminium tolerance and Mo influence. Strains CIAT-5067, CIAT-5083, CIAT-5087, BR-1432 e BR-1433 were used in inoculation experiments. In experiments with aluminium were used: a) A simple nutritive solution, initially with rates 10μM, 20μM, 40μM, 80μM and 160μM, and later 2μM, 4μM, 8μM, 16μM e 32μM, b) A complete nutritive solution with rates 20μM, 40μM, 80μM, 160μM and 320μM at Amarillo cv. and access BRA-031534 propagated by seeds and at the Amarillo and Belmonte cv. and access BRA-031534 vegetatively propagated. In the experiment with Mo, four rates of molybdenum (0g.ha-1, 50g.ha-1, 100g.ha-1 e 200g.ha-1), three levels of pH (4,0; 5,0 e 6,0) and two collection dates (49 days and 78 days) were used. The plants inoculated with CIAT strains, presented a good response to nodulation especially in relation to Belmonte cv., and with the same effectiveness of native strain. It was observed deleterious effect of nitrogen in the number of nodules. The results in simple nutritive solution had shown reduction in growth and dry mass of the root and a reduction evaluated in 27% by the relative root length between the concentration of 16μM and the control. In these experiments were observed responses to the concentration of aluminium, with appearance of mucilage and darkening of the primary root. In studies involving complete nutritional solution, Amarillo cultivar and accession BRA-031534 propagated by seeds had had reduction in the growth of the primary root and in relative length of the root in relation to the control. In the concentrations of 320μM and 160μM, a reduction of 51% and 49% respectively, in the Amarillo cultivar and access BRA-031534. It was also observed in this study with the Amarillo cultivar, roots with tip dark in the concentrations of 160μM and 320μM, and increase in the number of secondary roots from the concentration of 80μM. Pyrocatecol violet dyes seems to be promising in allowing a visualization of aluminum effects to Amarillo cultivar and accession BRA-031534. The aluminum in vegetative propagation influenced the cultivars and accession tested. Belmonte cultivar formed a higher number of adventitious roots when compared with Amarillo cv and accession BRA-031534, and with a concentration of 80μM a reduction in the adventitious roots length of the tested cultivars and access occurred. The molybdenum application promote answer in the second harvest in the pH 6,0 being obtained a larger number of nodules in the concentration of 200g.ha-1.The pH intervened in the nodulation. / Na pecu?ria moderna, o uso de pastagens que permitem um bom ganho de peso ? um fator imprescind?vel. A leguminosa Arachis pintoi apresenta-se como uma op??o tanto para uma dieta alimentar eficiente, como para recupera??o de pastagens degradadas devido ao seu potencial em fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio e resist?ncia a solos ?cidos com teor elevado de alum?nio. Com a finalidade de estudar o comportamento do Arachis pintoi em rela??o ? inocula??o com estirpes de riz?bio, toler?ncia ao alum?nio e a influ?ncia do molibd?nio, foram conduzidos experimentos em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o e c?mara de crescimento. Nos experimentos de inocula??o utilizaram-se as estirpes CIAT-5067, CIAT-5083, CIAT-5087, BR-1432 e BR-1433. Nos experimentos com alum?nio foram utilizadas: a) Solu??o nutritiva simples, (10μM, 20μM, 40μM, 80μM e 160μM) e (2μM, 4μM, 8μM, 16μM e 32μM), na cultivar Amarillo. b) Solu??o nutritiva completa (20μM, 40μM, 80μM, 160μM e 320μM) na cultivar Amarillo e acesso BRA-031534 propagadas por sementes e nas cultivares Amarillo, Belmonte e acesso BRA-031534 propagadas vegetativamente. No experimento com molibd?nio, foi utilizada a cultivar Amarillo, quatro dosagens de molibd?nio (0gha-1, 50g.ha-1, 100g.ha-1 e 200g.ha-1), tr?s n?veis de pH (4,0; 5,0 e 6,0) e duas ?pocas de coleta (49 e 78 dias). Nos experimentos de sele??o de estirpes, as plantas inoculadas com as estirpes CIAT, apresentaram uma boa resposta ? nodula??o principalmente em rela??o ? cultivar Belmonte, e com a mesma efetividade que as estirpes nativas. Na cultivar Belmonte foi observado efeito delet?rio do nitrog?nio no n?mero de n?dulos por planta. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos com Al, em solu??o nutritiva simples mostraram uma redu??o no crescimento, redu??o na massa seca da raiz e uma redu??o avaliada em 27% pelo comprimento radicular relativo entre as concentra??es de 16μM e o controle. Ocorreram nestes experimentos respostas ?s concentra??es de alum?nio, com aparecimento de mucilagem e escurecimento da raiz prim?ria. Nos estudos envolvendo solu??o nutritiva completa, as pl?ntulas da cultivar Amarillo e do acesso BRA-031534 propagadas por sementes tiveram redu??o no crescimento da raiz prim?ria e no comprimento relativo da raiz em rela??o ? testemunha. Nas concentra??es de 320μM e 160μM, observou-se uma redu??o de 51% e 49% respectivamente, na cultivar Amarillo e no acesso BRA-031534. Tamb?m foi observado na cultivar Amarillo, ra?zes com as extremidades escurecidas nas concentra??es de 160μM e 320μM e aumento no n?mero de ra?zes secund?rias a partir da concentra??o de 80μM. O corante violeta de pirocatecol parece promissor em permitir uma visualiza??o dos efeitos do alum?nio para a cultivar Amarillo e acesso BRA-031534. O alum?nio influenciou as cultivares e acesso testados com a cultivar Belmonte formando um maior n?mero de ra?zes advent?cias que a cv Amarillo e o acesso BRA-031534. A partir da concentra??o de 80μM, ocorreu uma redu??o no comprimento das ra?zes advent?cias das cultivares e acesso testados. A aplica??o de molibd?nio foi eficiente na segunda colheita no pH 6,0 sendo obtido um maior n?mero de n?dulos na concentra??o de 200g.ha-1. O pH interferiu na nodula??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Antonio Edilson da Silva Araujo.pdf: 1302543 bytes, checksum: cc20c323c83af0e996be61700810ba59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Several works have shown that rice crop can benefit from the association with diazotrophic bacteria. However, the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in rice is dependent of a complex interaction among the plants, microorganisms and the ecosystem. The general objective of this work was to evaluate the contribution of BNF in varieties of rice originated from the State of Maranh?o. The specific objectives were: a- To isolate and characterize native diazotrophic bacteria originated from soil cultivated with rice in Maranh?o; b- to select the most efficient bacteria in relation to dry matter accumulation and grain yield; c- to study the relationship between FBN and the teor of proteins in the grains. For the isolation was used two rice varieties (IR42 and Diamante) and two traditional rice varieties of Maranh?o (Zebu Branco and Manteiga), grown in soil samples originated from three districts of Maranh?o, being one of high lands (Bacabal) and two of lowland area (Arari and Vitoria do Mearim). Samples of roots, stems and leaves were grounded and inoculated in nitrogen free semisolid semiselective media: NFB, JNFB, LGI, LGIP and JMV. Around 304 isolates were obtained and classified as belonging to the species Azospirillum amazonense, Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense, Herbaspirillum spp. and Burkholderia spp and a non identified group that was clustered based only in the morphological characteristics. The genetic diversity of the isolates was evaluated through the amplification of 16S DNAr subunit using the Polymerize Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and digestion of the amplified products with restriction enzymes (ARDRA). Restriction fragment profiles confirmed the identity of most of the isolated and showed high diversity mainly for the bacterial isolates characterized as Burkholderia. Isolates representative from the different groups were tested in gnotobiotic conditions, in pots and in the field using different rice varieties originated from the Maranh?o State. Two other cultivars were used as controls. It was observed that among the isolates tested, the Azospirillum amazonense AR3122 and Herbaspirillum sp AR1122 howed potential to promote growth of rice plants and to increase the grain yield of this crop. / Diversos trabalhos t?m mostrado que a cultura do arroz pode se beneficiar da associa??o com bact?rias diazotr?ficas. Entretanto, a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN) em arroz ? dependente de uma intera??o complexa entre as plantas, os microrganismos e o ecossistema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar a contribui??o da FBN em variedades tradicionais de arroz do estado do Maranh?o. Como objetivos espec?ficos: a- isolar e caracterizar bact?rias diazotr?ficas nativas de solo cultivado com arroz no estado do Maranh?o; b- selecionar as bact?rias mais eficientes quanto ao ac?mulo de biomassa e produ??o de gr?os; c- verificar se existe rela??o entre a FBN e o teor de prote?nas nos gr?os. Para o isolamento foi utilizada como planta isca as cultivares IR42 e Diamante e mais duas variedades tradicionais de arroz do Maranh?o Zebu Branco e Manteiga, crescidas em amostras de solo, provenientes de tr?s munic?pios do Maranh?o, sendo uma de terras altas (Bacabal) e duas de ?rea de baixada (Arari e Vitoria do Mearim). Amostras de ra?zes, colmos e folhas foram maceradas e inoculadas em meios semi-s?lidos semi-seletivos, NFB, JNFB, LGI, LGIP e JMV, sem adi??o de nitrog?nio. Foram obtidos 304 isolados que foram classificados morfologicamente como pertencentes ?s esp?cies Azospirillum amazonense, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azospirillum brasilense, Herbaspirillum spp. e Burkholderia spp., al?m de um grupo n?o identificado. A diversidade gen?tica dos isolados foi avaliada por meio da amplifica??o da regi?o 16S DNAr por meio da rea??o da polimerase em cadeia (PCR) e da digest?o dos produtos de amplifica??o com enzimas de restri??o (ARDRA). O perfil de fragmentos de restri??o confirmou o g?nero da maioria dos isolados, al?m disso, mostrou alta diversidade, principalmente para os isolados bacterianos caracterizados morfologicamente como Burkholderia. Isolados representantes dos diferentes grupos foram testados em condi??es gnotobi?ticas, em vasos e em campo, em diferentes variedades procedentes do Maranh?o utilizando-se tamb?m duas cultivares como controle. Foi observado que entre os isolados testados, AR1122 de Herbaspirillum sp. e AR3122 de A. amazonense apresentaram maior potencial para promover o crescimento das plantas e aumentar a produ??o de gr?os na cultura do arroz.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-12T11:41:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1988 - Eduardo Lima.PDF: 3150825 bytes, checksum: ddbd74e342854046edd6ca9d5d6b4876 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T11:41:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1988 - Eduardo Lima.PDF: 3150825 bytes, checksum: ddbd74e342854046edd6ca9d5d6b4876 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1988-04-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / A nitrogen balance study was carried out in four commercial cultivars of sugarcane grown in pots containing 64 kg of soil, with the objective of quantifying possible contributions of the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) to the plants. Vinasse was added in half the vessels and all treatments were repeated 10 times. The pots were kept in the field and fertilized with the equivalent of 80 kg of N / ha with 15N labeled urea fertilizer. After 12 months of growth the plants accumulated between 10 and 24% of the total N of the soil + Fertilizer added. In the next nine months of growth, without any further addition of nitrogen fertilizer, the plants accumulated the equivalent of 8.5 to 19% of the original soil N + fertilizer. The cultivar CB 47-89 accumulated significantly more N than the other cultivars. This difference was greater in the absence of vinasse, and in this treatment the 15 N enrichment in the CB 47-89 cultivar was half that of the other cultivars, suggesting that there was a contribution of unlabelled N of the air to this cultivar via FBN . After 21 months of cultivation the N content of soil and roots was determined in 5 replicates. These analyzes revealed that planted pots lost between 7.5 and 12.5 g of soil N + fertilizer, but all accumulated more than this in plant tissues. In the case of cultivar CB 47-89, in the absence of vinasse, the plants removed approximately 10 g of N from the soil and fertilizer but accumulated about 35 g of N. In a second experiment, sugarcane cultivars were planted in pots containing 100 kg of soil, using two sources of 15N - labeled organic matter and gypsum pellets - with the objective of quantifying the contribution of the biological fixation of Nitrogen at different stages of the culture, using the 15n isotopic dilution technique. Harvests were carried out at 4.8.12 and 16 months of plant growth. There was not a good development of the plants that was attributed to the problem of aeration of the soil due to strong capacity, and there were no significant differences in the enrichment of 15N of the cultivars, suggesting that FBN contribution of the same magnitude occurred. Organic matter proved to be a better supplier of 15N for the soil solution, as it allowed a more constant N-labeling of soil for long-term experiments than did gypsum pellets. These data constitute the first direct evidence of very significant contributions of FBN associated to a sugarcane cultivar. / Um estudo com balan?o de nitrog?nio foi realizado em quatro cultivares comerciais de cana-de-a??car crescidos em vasos contendo 64 Kg de solo, com o objetivo de quantificar poss?veis contribui??es da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN) para as plantas. Vinha?a foi adicionada na metade dos vasos e todos os tratamentos foram repetidos 10 vezes. Os vasos foram mantidos no campo e adubados com o equivalente a 80 Kg de N/ha com fertilizante ur?ia marcada 15N. Ap?s 12 meses de crescimento as plantas acumularam entre 10 e 24 % do N total do solo + Fertilizante adicionado . Nos nove meses de crescimento seguintes, sem qualquer nova adi??o de fertilizante nitrogenado, as plantas acumularam o equivalente a 8,5 at? 19% do N original do solo + fertilizante. O cultivar CB 47-89 acumulou significativamente mais N do que os demais cultivares. Esta diferen?a foi maior na aus?ncia de vinha?a e, neste tratamento, o enriquecimento de 15 N no cultivar CB 47-89 foi a metade do que o dos outros cultivares, sugerindo que houve uma contribui??o de N n?o marcado do ar para este cultivar via FBN. Decorridos 21 meses de cultivo o conte?do de N do solo e das ra?zes foi determinado em 5 repeti??es. Estas an?lises revelaram que os vasos plantados perderam entre 7,5 e 12,5 g de N do solo +fertilizante, mas todos acumularam mais do que isto nos tecidos das plantas. No caso do cultivar CB 47 - 89, na aus?ncia de vinha?a, as planta removeram aproximante 10 g de N do solo e do fertilizante mas acumularam cerca de 35 g de N. Em um segundo experimento, cultivares de cana-de-a??car foram plantados em vasos contendo 100 Kg de solo, utilizando-se duas fontes fornecedoras de 15N - mat?ria org?nica marcada e peletes de gesso - com o objetivo de quantificar a contribui??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio em diferentes fases da cultura, atrav?s da t?cnica da dilui??o isot?pica de 15n. Foram realizadas colheitas aos 4.8,12 e 16 meses de crescimento das plantas. N?o houve um bom desenvolvimento das plantas que foi atribuido ao problema de aera??o do solo em fun??o de forte capacita??o, n?o ocorrendo diferen?as significativas no enriquecimento de 15N dos cultivares, sugerindo ter ocorrido contribui??o da FBN de mesma magnitude. A mat?ria org?nica mostrou-se um melhor fornecedor de 15N para a solu??o do solo, pois permitiu uma marca??o do N do solo mais constante para experimentos de longa dura??o do que os peletes de gesso. Estes dados constituem a primeira evid?ncia direta de contribui??es muito significativas da FBN associada a um cultivar de cana-de-a??car.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-13T20:11:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leonardo dos Santos Fran?a Shockness.pdf: 1003791 bytes, checksum: efd5f4204bec8c095ea24c37002fd302 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-13T20:11:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leonardo dos Santos Fran?a Shockness.pdf: 1003791 bytes, checksum: efd5f4204bec8c095ea24c37002fd302 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / CAPES / One of the main factors that affect growth and persistence of grasses in the tropics, thus increasing the degradation of pastures, is a nitrogen deficiency in the soil. However, nitrogen fertilizers much burden the production costs, and the demand for food increasing year by year, has emphasized the need for sustainable alternatives, such as biological nitrogen fixation. It is necessary to do more research on Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) in forage grasses, especially about diversity among nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with these plants, so that new bacteria can be discovered, as well as its potential to FBN. This study aimed to isolate diazotrophic bacteria of the genus Azospirillum spp. or Herbaspirillum spp., from two cultivars of B. brizhanta (Marandu and Xara?s) and one of B. decumbens (IPEAN), to test them, and to assess their contribution to the growth of Brachiaria brizhanta cv. Marandu identifying the three most promising. This study was conducted at Embrapa Agrobiology in Serop?dica - RJ, in two stages. The first was to isolate possible diazotrophic bacteria from Brachiaria brizantha and B. decumbens plants, using the cultivars Marandu and Xara?s B. brizantha, and the cultivar IPEAN of B. decumbens. The isolation was performed using three semi-solid media, NFB, LGI and JNFb, where the first two selected bacteria of the genus Azospirillum, and the third one Herbaspirillum bacteria. There were selected 46 isolates and, after purification, it was obtained 15 isolates pure, and made the phenotypic characterization thereof. Further biochemical tests were the phosphate solubilization, acetylene reduction analysis (ARA), and production of acid-3-indole acetic (IAA). All tested isolates produced ARA ethylene, even in small quantities, with prominence for isolates L2, L4, J3, J6, J7 and J8. In the phosphate solubilization the isolates N1, L1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8, and T14 were able to solubilize phosphate. In the EIA production the isolates N1, J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8 and J9 excelled. In the second phase it was conducted an experiment to study plant - bacteria interaction. It consisted of the inoculation of 15 isolates from the first phase plus three isolates known as references (SP245, Z94, CBAMC) in B. brizhanta cultivar Marandu, plus the control without inoculation and without N. In this experiment the isolates L2, L4 and J6 outstand when compared to the other seven parameters evaluated. On the basis of this study we can conclude that there are nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing, and that produce 3-indoleacetic acid, associated to Brachiaria brizhanta and Brachiaria decumbens. The isolated bacteria of the two B. brizhanta cultivars (Marandu and Xara?s), and the Brachiaria decumbens (IPEAN) cultivar were more efficient in the growth of B. brizhanta cultivar Marandu than the bacteria standards obtained from other plant species. Also, among the 15 isolates from Brachiaria plants, the J6, L2 and L4 were statistically different from the others, and are considered the three most promising. / Um dos principais fatores que afeta o crescimento e a persist?ncia de gram?neas nos tr?picos, aumentando assim a degrada??o das pastagens, ? a defici?ncia de nitrog?nio no solo. Entretanto, fertilizantes nitrogenados oneram muito os custos de produ??o, e com a demanda por alimentos crescendo ano a ano, tem-se enfatizado a necessidade de alternativas sustent?veis, tal como a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio. Faz-se necess?rio pesquisas com Fixa??o Biol?gica de Nitrog?nio (FBN) em gram?neas forrageiras, principalmente sobre diversidade de bact?rias diazotr?ficas associadas a essas plantas, para que novas bact?rias possam ser descobertas, assim como seu potencial de FBN. Este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar bact?rias diazotr?ficas do g?nero Azospirillum Spp. ou Herbaspirillum Spp., provenientes de duas cultivares de B. brizhanta (Marandu e Xar?es) e de uma cultivar de B. decumbens (Ipean), testar as mesmas, e avaliar sua contribui??o no crescimento de Brachiaria brizhanta cv. Marandu identificando as tr?s mais promissoras. O trabalho foi realizado na Embrapa Agrobiologia em Serop?dica ? RJ, em duas etapas. Na primeira foi feito o isolamento de poss?veis bact?rias dizotr?ficas provenientes de plantas de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, sendo utilizadas as cultivares Marandu e Xara?s de B. brizantha e a cultivar IPEAN de B. decumbens. O isolamento foi realizado utilizando tr?s meios semiss?lidos, NFB, LGI e JNFB, onde os dois primeiros selecionaram bact?rias do g?nero Azospirillum, e o terceiro bact?rias do g?nero Herbaspirillum. Foram selecionados 46 isolados, e ap?s a purifica??o obteve-se 15 isolados puros, sendo feita a caracteriza??o fenot?pica dos mesmos, e posteriormente os testes bioqu?micos de solubiliza??o de fosfato, an?lise da redu??o de acetileno (ARA) e produ??o de ?cido-3-indolac?tico (AIA). Na ARA todos isolados avaliados produziram etileno, mesmo em pequenas quantidades, tendo destaque os isolados L2, L4, J3, J6, J7, e J8. Na solubiliza??o de fosfato os isolados N1, L1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8 e T14 foram capazes de solubilizar fosfato. Na produ??o de AIA se sobressa?ram os isolados N1, J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8 e J9. Na segunda etapa foi realizado o experimento de intera??o planta - bact?ria; que consistiu da inocula??o dos 15 isolados da primeira etapa, acrescidos de tr?s isolados conhecidos como padr?es (SP245, Z94, CBAMC) em B. brizhanta cv. Marandu, mais a testemunha n?o inoculada e sem N. Neste experimento os isolados L2, L4 e J6 se destacaram em rela??o aos outros nos sete par?metros avaliados. Com base neste trabalho podemos concluir que existem bact?rias fixadoras de nitrog?nio, solubilizadoras de fosfato e que produzem ?cido-3-indolac?tico associadas a Brachiaria brizhanta e Brachiaria decumbens. As bact?rias isoladas de duas cultivares de B. brizhanta (Marandu e Xar?es) e de uma cultivar de B. decumbens (Ipean) se mostraram mais eficientes no crescimento de B. brizhanta cv. Marandu do que as bact?rias padr?es provenientes de outras esp?cies de plantas. Ainda, dentre os 15 isolados de plantas do g?nero Brachiaria, os isolados J6, L2 e L4 diferiram estatisticamente dos demais, sendo considerados os tr?s mais promissores.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-26T16:31:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Danilo Antonio Morenz.pdf: 881703 bytes, checksum: 6cfcd4c0f7c8a5dd52386788991fd786 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T16:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Danilo Antonio Morenz.pdf: 881703 bytes, checksum: 6cfcd4c0f7c8a5dd52386788991fd786 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / CAPES / The aim was evaluate the effect of replacing corn by bakery waste (BW) in goats diet on performance, dry matter and nutrients intake, carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and the food intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, ruminal parameters, production and composition of milk by goats. Experiment 1: Four levels of inclusion of BW replacing corn (0, 33, 66, 100%) in the diet of kids distributed in a completely randomized design were analyzed. The diets were composed of concentrate and Cynodon spp. hay, with forage: concentrate ratio of 60:40. The intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and carbohydrates decreased linearly, while the non-fiber carbohydrates intake, animal performance, carcass characteristics and chemical composition were not affected by replacement of corn by BW. The elaidic acid content (C18: 1 trans-9) increased in the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi muscle with the inclusion of RP, which can be used as a substitute for corn meal in goats feed composition. It was concluded that bakery waste can substitute the corn up to 100% in the concentrate mixture without affecting intake, performance and carcass and meat traits of kids. Experiment 2: Bakery waste was added replacing 0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% of the concentrate in dry matter basis. Five Saanen lactating goats, non-pregnant with an average weight of 55.7 kg were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. Experimental diets were composed by Cynodon hay and concentrate, in a roughage:concentrate ration of 40:60. The inclusion of BW in diets decreases the intake of ether extract, acid detergent fiber and the coefficients of apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract. Different levels of substitution did not affect ruminal pH, but for the concentration of ruminal ammonia was found linear reduction with the level of replacement. The inclusion of BW in diets increased the efficiency of use of N. The bakery waste can replace conventional concentrate in diets for goats. / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substitui??o do milho pelo res?duo de panifica??o (RP) na dieta de cabritos sobre o desempenho, consumo de mat?ria seca e dos nutrientes, caracter?sticas de carca?a, composi??o qu?mica e perfil dos ?cidos graxos do m?sculo Longissimus dorsi e em cabras em lacta??o o consumo alimentar, a digestibilidade aparente, o balan?o de compostos nitrogenados, os par?metros ruminais, a produ??o e a composi??o do leite. Experimento 1: Foram analisados quatro n?veis de inclus?o do RP em substitui??o ao milho (0, 33, 66, 100%) na dieta de cabritos distribu?dos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As dietas foram compostas de concentrado e feno de Cynodon spp, com rela??o volumoso:concentrado de 60:40. O consumo de mat?ria seca (MS), mat?ria org?nica (MO), prote?na bruta (PB), extrato et?reo (EE) e carboidratos totais (CT) foi linear decrescente, enquanto que o consumo de carboidratos n?o fibrosos (CNF), o desempenho dos animais, as caracter?sticas de carca?a e a composi??o centesimal n?o foram influenciados pela inclus?o do RP em substitui??o ao milho. O teor de ?cido ela?dico (C 18:1 trans-9) aumentou no perfil de ?cidos graxos do m?sculo Longissimus dorsi com a inclus?o do RP. Conclui-se que o RP pode substituir o milho em at? 100% na mistura do concentrado. Experimento 2: Foram avaliados cinco n?veis de substitui??o do concentrado pelo RP (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%), utilizando-se cinco cabras em lacta??o da ra?a Saanen, com peso m?dio de 55,7 kg, distribu?dos em delineamento em Quadrado Latino 5 X 5. As dietas experimentais foram compostas de concentrado e feno de Cynodon spp, numa rela??o volumoso:concentrado de 40:60 na mat?ria seca. Houve redu??o linear do consumo de EE, do consumo de FDA, da digestibilidade da PB e da digestibilidade do EE. A substitui??o crescente do concentrado pelo RP na dieta n?o influenciou o pH ruminal, por?m reduziu a concentra??o de N-NH3 no l?quido ruminal. A inclus?o do RP em n?veis crescentes nas dietas favoreceu a efici?ncia de utiliza??o de nitrog?nio. O RP pode substituir totalmente o concentrado na dieta de cabras em lacta??o.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-02-09T11:41:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ramon de Souza Victorino da Silva.pdf: 1815548 bytes, checksum: d38cb3bc107f782e4c75f4e66118d838 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-09T11:41:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ramon de Souza Victorino da Silva.pdf: 1815548 bytes, checksum: d38cb3bc107f782e4c75f4e66118d838 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / The aim of this project was to develop a statistical classifier based on algorithms using Bayesian theorem for prediction of nitrogen applied to the soil using low cost multispectral images Tifton85 pastures From information obtained from these images the indexes were calculated spectrum, which was used in a feature vector for discriminating N levels applied to the soil. The research was developed in the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Engineering, Machinery Area and Energy in Agriculture. The data were obtained from an experiment installed in the production area of Company Feno Rio Agro LTDA, partner in the project. Images were acquired in 2 times one after 36 days due to the cutting standardization of culture using a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56 days using an imaging platform an experiment with 6 portions 250m2 (10x25m) containing respectively the treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-? N), statistical analyzes were performed the computer program SAS version student using PROCDISCRIM procedure. It was determined discriminant functions for each dose of nitrogen, using as feature vectors vegetation indices (NDVI, GNIR, SAVI, GNDVI, RNIR). These discriminant functions were tested in a Bayesian classifier, and the highest accuracies were using vegetation indices together getting a Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy of 83% and 80%, respectively. The results indicate that low cost multispectral images can be used to develop classifiers of nitrogen applied to the soil. These binders may be applied in computational algorithms in agricultural machinery control systems for fertilizer application at variable rates in precision agriculture. / O objetivo geral deste projeto foi desenvolver um classificador estat?stico com base em algoritmos utilizando o teorema bayesianos para predi??o de doses de nitrog?nio aplicadas ao solo, atrav?s de imagens multiespectrais de baixo custo em pastagens de Tifton85 A partir de informa??es obtidas nessas imagens foram calculados os ?ndices espectrais, os quais foram utilizados em um vetor de caracter?sticas para discriminar n?veis de N aplicados ao solo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Engenharia, ?rea de M?quinas e Energia na Agricultura. Os dados foram obtidos de um experimento instalado no campo de produ??o da Empresa Feno Rio Agro LTDA, parceira do projeto. As imagens foram adquiridas em 2 momentos uma ap?s 36 dias decorrentes ao corte de uniformiza??o da cultura utilizando um VANT (Ve?culo A?reo N?o Tripulado) e aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56 dias utilizando uma plataforma de capta??o de imagens de um experimento com 6 parcelas contendo respectivamente os tratamentos (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg ha -? de N), as an?lises estat?sticas foram realizadas no programa computacional SAS vers?o estudante, utilizando o procedimento PROCDISCRIM. Determinou-se fun??es discriminantes para cada dose de nitrog?nio, utilizando-se como vetores de caracter?sticas os ?ndices de vegeta??o (NDVI, GNIR, SAVI, GNDVI, RNIR). Essas fun??es discriminantes foram testadas em um classificador bayesiano, sendo que a maior acur?cia de classifica??o foi utilizando os ?ndices de vegeta??o em conjunto obtendo um coeficiente Kappa e a exatid?o global de 83% e 80%, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que imagens multiespectrais de baixo custo podem ser utilizadas para desenvolver classificadores de doses de nitrog?nio aplicadas ao solo. Esses classificadores poder?o ser aplicados em algoritmos computacionais em sistemas de controle de m?quinas agr?colas para aplica??o de fertilizantes a taxas vari?veis em agricultura de precis?o.