Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-12T13:51:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rodrigo Luiz Neves Barros.pdf: 1569971 bytes, checksum: bebc280a379491b5d376031d5427175e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:51:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rodrigo Luiz Neves Barros.pdf: 1569971 bytes, checksum: bebc280a379491b5d376031d5427175e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The average productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Brazil is one of the lowest in the world. Alternatives that can increase yield in a sustainable manner should be preconized, such as reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers through the adoption of biological nitrogen fixation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of rhizobia inoculation and sowing nitrogen fertilization on growth and common bean yield (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Four experiments were conducted in the field, at the Experimental Station of the Department of Crop Science at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, Brazil. So that each experiment was repeated twice in the same growing season. The experiments were conducted in the dry season and rainy the years 2013 and 2014, In a soil classified as Kanhapudalf. For both experiments, we used the common bean cultivar Carioca, indeterminate growth and high yield potential. In the first year of cultivation in the dry season and rainy the experiments were composed of three treatments: only fertilized with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (A); only inoculated with Rhizobium at sowing and fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (I+N); and inoculated and fertilized with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (IA); and an additional treatment only inoculated with Rhizobium with no N fertilization at any phase (I-N), only evaluated in the second year of both growing seasons. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with four replications in both years. Each plot consisted of 6 rows of 5 m spaced 0,5 m apart. At pollination, it was evaluated the number of nodules (NN), nodules dry weight (MSN), shoot dry weight (MSPA) and root dry weight (MSR). However, was observed the highest NN and MSN in treatments without nitrogen fertilization at sowing in both years. Also, it was determinate the leaf soluble proteins content (TPSF) in four developmental stages vegetative, pollination, flowering and grain filling), with higher values for the TPSF in the treatment IA flowering stage. Moreover, for the growth analysis, three plants were collected on the second line of each side of the plot, weekly from 14 DAE until physiological maturation. At physiological maturation all the plants of the two central rows were collected from each plot to evaluate the crop yield components: number of pods per plant (NV), number of grains per pod (NGV), 100 grain matter (MS100G) and grain yield (PG). As for the production of components, there was a significant difference only for PG, with IA producing the highest PG in both years. Therefore, based on these results, it can be concluded that the inoculation with Rhizobium may replace the nitrogen fertilization (20 kg ha-1) at planting without yield loss, however, the nitrogen fertilization (20 kg ha-1) combined with inoculation with Rhizobium at sowing partly inhibit the root nodulation of the common bean plants and increased its total dry weight and grain yield, in both season. However, more studies are needed to recommend these agronomic practices / A produtividade m?dia de feij?o comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) no Brasil ? uma das mais baixas do mundo. Alternativas que possam aumentar a produtividade de forma sustent?vel devem ser preconizadas, tais como a redu??o do uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados pela ado??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influ?ncia da inocula??o de riz?bios e, ou da aduba??o nitrogenada de semeadura no crescimento e produtividade do feijoeiro comum. Foram instalados quatro experimentos no campo experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, Brasil, de modo que cada experimento fosse repetido duas vezes na mesma ?poca de cultivo. Os experimentos foram instalados nas ?pocas da seca e das ?guas dos anos de 2013 e 2014, em um solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo. Para ambos os experimentos, foi utilizado o cultivar de feijoeiro comum Carioca, de crescimento indeterminado e alto potencial produtivo. No primeiro ano de cultivo das ?pocas da seca e das ?guas os experimentos foram compostos por tr?s tratamentos: apenas adubado com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura e 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 dias ap?s a emerg?ncia (DAE) (A), inoculado com Rhizobium e adubado com 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 DAE (I+N), inoculado com Rhizobium e adubado com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura e 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 DAE (IA) e um tratamento adicional somente inoculado com Rhizobium sem aduba??o nitrogenada em nenhum est?dio (I-N), apenas avaliado no segundo ano de ambas as ?pocas de cultivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeti??es em ambos os anos. Cada parcela foi constitu?da por 6 linhas de 5 m, espa?adas de 0,5 m de dist?ncia. No est?dio de poliniza??o, avaliou-se o n?mero de n?dulos (NN), massa seca de n?dulos (MSN), massa seca de parte a?rea (MSPA) e massa seca raiz (MSR), sendo observado o maior NN e MSN nos tratamentos que n?o receberam aduba??o nitrogenada na semeadura em ambos os anos. Tamb?m foram realizadas coletas de tecido foliar para determina??o do teor de prote?nas sol?veis (TPSF) em quatro est?dios de desenvolvimento (vegetativo, poliniza??o, florescimento pleno e enchimento de gr?os), com valores mais elevados para o TPSF no tratamento IA no est?dio de florescimento. Al?m disso, para an?lise de crescimento, foram coletadas tr?s plantas por parcela, semanalmente dos 14 DAE at? a matura??o fisiol?gica. Na matura??o fisiol?gica foram coletadas todas as plantas das duas linhas centrais de cada parcela, desprezando-se o meio metro final de cada extremidade, para avaliar os componentes de produ??o: n?mero de vagens por planta (NV), n?mero de gr?os por vagem (NGV), massa seca de 100 gr?os (MS100G) e produtividade de gr?os (PG). Quanto aos componentes de produ??o, ocorreu diferen?a significativa apenas para PG, com o tratamento IA apresentando rendimentos mais elevados em ambos os anos. Portanto, segundo os resultados obtidos, a inocula??o de riz?bios pode substituir a aduba??o nitrogenada com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura sem perda de produtividade. Al?m disso, a inocula??o com riz?bios, acrescida da aduba??o com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura, inibiu parcialmente a nodula??o e propiciou acr?scimo de produtividade em ambas as ?pocas. No entanto, mais estudos s?o necess?rios para recomenda??o dessas pr?ticas agron?micas.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-19T12:12:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafael Sanches Pacheco.pdf: 669093 bytes, checksum: 3ca2e98e7a5ac781dba791f2e1bfda70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T12:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafael Sanches Pacheco.pdf: 669093 bytes, checksum: 3ca2e98e7a5ac781dba791f2e1bfda70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / Nutrient concentration in the seeds can affect the initial development, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and yield of plants. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been considered as a species with low capacity of BNF as compared to other grain legumes, but results demonstrate the potential of BNF to supply the N demand of the crop and to achieve adequate yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed concentrations of Mo and P on biomass production, nodulation and grain yield of common bean at different sources of N supply. The field experiment was conducted between April and July 2009, in the Santa Monica Farm of Embrapa Gado de Leite in the municipality of Valen?a ? Rio de Janeiro State. The experimental design was a split-plot 4x4 factorial randomized block with 5 replicates. The main plots consisted of four N sources: control without N, mineral N fertilization with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing + 40 kg N ha-1 in cover, inoculation with the commercial strain of rhizobia, rhizobia inoculation + 40 kg N ha-1 in cover. The subplots consisted of four combinations between concentrations of P and Mo in the seeds (low P low Mo, low P high Mo, Mo high P low, high-P high-Mo). The seeds of cultivar Carioca were originating from a field experiment when 5 kg P ha-1 and 120 g Mo ha-1 were foliar sprayed at 52 and 71 days after emergence (DAE). In each subplot, plant biomass were sampled at 30, 42 and 57 DAE, and root, shoot and nodules dry mass, the number of nodules and the accumulation of N in the shoot were determined. Grains were harvested at 90 DAE, and grain yield, yield components, N and Mo concentratios in the grains were measured. Interactions between the N sources and the concentrations of P and Mo in the seeds were not significant in the three sampling times, except for shoot dry mass and number of nodules at 57 DAE. Seeds with low P and high Mo increased shoot dry matter and grain yield of beans. Mineral N fertilizer increased root mass in the early growth stages. The rhizobia inoculation increased bean nodulation. There was a small effect of the seeds with high P concentration in the accumulation of N and mass of shoots at 57 DAE. Mineral N fertilizer increased N accumulation in the shoots at 57 DAE. The inoculation + 40 kg N ha-1 in cover gave similar grain yield and N accumulation as the application of 60 kg N ha-1, both treatments superior to the control. The use of seeds enriched with P and Mo, associated with the inoculation of seeds and the application of N in cover, could maximize the process of biological nitrogen fixation in the common bean crop. / A concentra??o de nutrientes nas sementes pode afetar o desenvolvimento inicial, a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN) e a produ??o de gr?os das plantas por elas geradas. O feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tem sido considerado uma esp?cie de baixa capacidade de FBN em compara??o com outras leguminosas de gr?o, mas resultados demonstram o potencial da FBN em suprir a demanda de N do feijoeiro e obter boas produtividades. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos teores de P e Mo em sementes na produ??o de biomassa, nodula??o e no rendimento de gr?os de feijoeiro sob diferentes fontes de fornecimento de N. O experimento foi conduzido em condi??es de campo entre abril e julho de 2009, na Fazenda Santa M?nica da Embrapa Gado de Leite, no munic?pio de Valen?a ? RJ, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso em fatorial 4x4 com 5 repeti??es em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas por quatro fontes de N: testemunha absoluta sem N; aduba??o com N mineral com 20 kg N ha-1 no plantio + 40 kg N ha-1 em cobertura; inocula??o com a estirpe comercial de riz?bio recomendada para a cultura; inocula??o com estirpe comercial + 40 kg N ha-1 em cobertura. As subparcelas foram compostas por quatro combina??es entre teores de P e de Mo na semente (baixo P baixo Mo, baixo P alto Mo, alto P baixo Mo, alto P alto Mo). As sementes da cultivar Carioca utilizadas foram oriundas de um experimento de campo onde foram efetuadas aplica??es foliares com 5 kg P ha-1 e 120 g Mo ha-1 aos 52 e 71 dias ap?s emerg?ncia (DAE). Em cada subparcela foram efetuadas tr?s amostragens de biomassa, aos 30, 42 e 57 DAE, determinando-se a massa seca de raiz, parte a?rea e n?dulos, o n?mero de n?dulos e a acumula??o de N na parte a?rea. A colheita de gr?os foi efetuada aos 90 DAE, determinando-se o rendimento de gr?os, os componentes de produ??o e o teor de N e de Mo nos gr?os. As intera??es entre as fontes de N e os teores de P e Mo das sementes, nas tr?s ?pocas de coleta, n?o foram significativas, exceto para massa seca de parte a?rea e n?mero de n?dulos aos 57 DAE. As sementes com baixo P e alto Mo foram as que promoveram maior massa de parte a?rea e tamb?m a maior produ??o de gr?os de feij?o. A aduba??o com N mineral promoveu maior massa radicular nos est?gios iniciais de crescimento. A inocula??o das sementes com riz?bio aumentou a nodula??o do feijoeiro. Houve um pequeno efeito dos altos teores de P nas sementes na acumula??o de N e de biomassa da parte a?rea aos 57 DAE. A aplica??o de N mineral promoveu maior ac?mulo da N na parte a?rea aos 57 DAE. A inocula??o combinada com 40 kg N ha-1 em cobertura forneceu rendimento de gr?os e acumula??o de N nos gr?os similar ? aplica??o de 60 kg N ha-1, por sua vez superiores ? testemunha. O uso de sementes enriquecidas com P e Mo, associada com a inocula??o de sementes e a aplica??o de N em cobertura, podem maximizar o processo de fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio na cultura do feijoeiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanaLSpdf.pdf: 1986697 bytes, checksum: 096c92db6f636c1bab0aeee590522e53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-31 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Currently, due to part of world is focalized to petroleum, many researches with this theme have been advanced to make possible the production into reservoirs which were classified as unviable. Because of geological and operational challenges presented to oil recovery, more and more efficient methods which are economically successful have been searched. In this background, steam flood is in evidence mainly when it is combined with other procedures to purpose low costs and high recovery factors. This work utilized nitrogen as an alternative fluid after steam flood to adjust the best combination of alternation between these fluids in terms of time and rate injection. To describe the simplified economic profile, many analysis based on liquid cumulative production were performed. The completion interval and injection fluid rates were fixed and the oil viscosity was ranged at 300 cP, 1.000 cP and 3.000 cP. The results defined, for each viscosity, one specific model indicating the best period to stop the introduction of steam and insertion of nitrogen, when the first injected fluid reached its economic limit. Simulations in physics model defined from one-eighth nine-spot inverted were realized using the commercial simulator Steam, Thermal and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator STARS of Computer Modelling Group CMG / Atualmente, pelo fato de parte do mundo estar voltada para a ind?stria do petr?leo, as pesquisas na ?rea t?m avan?ado de modo a tornar poss?vel at? mesmo a produ??o em reservat?rios at? ent?o vistos como invi?veis. Em virtude dos desafios geol?gicos e operacionais apresentados para recuperar o ?leo, cada vez mais se intensifica a busca por m?todos mais eficientes e lucrativos. Neste cen?rio, a inje??o de vapor merece destaque, sobretudo, quando combinada com outros procedimentos visando assim, reduzir os custos, ao mesmo tempo em que aumenta o fator de recupera??o. O presente trabalho utilizou o nitrog?nio como fluido alternativo ap?s a inje??o de vapor a fim de ajustar a melhor combina??o de altern?ncia desses fluidos em termos do tempo e vaz?o de inje??o. Para tra?ar um perfil econ?mico simplificado do processo, realizaram-se an?lises com base na produ??o acumulada l?quida. O intervalo de completa??o e as vaz?es dos fluidos de inje??o foram fixados e variou-se a viscosidade do ?leo em 300 cP, 1.000 cP e 3.000 cP. Os resultados definiram, para cada viscosidade, um modelo espec?fico indicando o melhor per?odo para interrup??o do vapor e inser??o do nitrog?nio, quando o primeiro fluido injetado atingiu seu limite econ?mico. As simula??es foram realizadas em um modelo f?sico definido a partir de 1/8 (um oitavo) do padr?o nine-spot invertido, utilizando o simulador comercial Steam, Thermal and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator STARS do Computer Modelling Group CMG

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-10-23T17:04:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Rodrigo_Duarte_Andrade.pdf: 581982 bytes, checksum: 8809fc50e3b7d9566339c5470ea99fc4 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-10-23T17:06:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Rodrigo_Duarte_Andrade.pdf: 581982 bytes, checksum: 8809fc50e3b7d9566339c5470ea99fc4 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-23T17:06:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Rodrigo_Duarte_Andrade.pdf: 581982 bytes, checksum: 8809fc50e3b7d9566339c5470ea99fc4 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes intervalos de aplica??o de N e K2O, ap?s o corte, nas caracter?sticas estruturais e produtivas das cultivares Marandu e Xara?s de Brachiaria brizantha. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegeta??o, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeti??es. No experimento 1, ap?s o desbaste das plantas nos vasos, foram aplicadas doses semanais de 50 mg dm-3 de N e K2O, at? uma semana antes do corte de uniformiza??o, totalizando quatro aplica??es, e, ap?s o corte, foram aplicadas doses de 50 mg dm-3 de N e de K2O nos intervalos 0; 3; 6 e 9 dias, sendo as cultivares avaliadas com 44 dias de rebrota??o. No experimento 2, foi aplicada dose ?nica de 50 mg dm-3 de N de K2O, uma semana antes do corte de uniformiza??o e, ap?s o corte, foram aplicados 100 mg dm-3 de N e de K2O nos intervalos 0; 4; 8 e 12 dias, avaliando-se as cultivares com 39 dias de rebrota??o. No experimento 1, somente a produ??o de mat?ria seca e a rela??o l?mina/colmo foram influenciadas pelo intervalo de aplica??o dos adubos. J? no experimento 2, o n?mero total de folhas, o n?mero de folhas expandidas, o n?mero de folhas mortas e o comprimento laminar acumulado foram influenciados pelo intervalo de forma linear negativa, enquanto a produ??o de mat?ria seca apresentou resposta quadr?tica ao aumento do intervalo de aduba??o. Nas condi??es estudadas, conclui-se que a cv. Marandu apresenta maior n?mero de folhas e de perfilhos que a cv. Xara?s, que, por sua vez, apresenta maior altura, produ??o de mat?ria seca, rela??o l?mina/colmo e produ??o da rebrota??o. A aplica??o dos adubos nitrogenado e pot?ssico imediatamente ap?s o corte apresenta melhores resultados para as caracter?sticas estruturais, exceto para n?mero de folhas mortas. A produ??o de mat?ria seca por vaso e por planta ? maximizada com a aduba??o entre quatro e cinco dias ap?s o corte. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2009. / ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of differents intervals of N and K2O application after the cut in the structural and productives characteristics of the cultivars Marandu and Xara?s of Brachiaria brizantha. Two experiments mere conducted in a greenhouse, in a 4x2 factorial scheme, in a randomized block design with four repetitions. In experiment one, after the plants thinning in the vases, were applied weekly dosage of 50 mg dm-3 of N and K2O, until one week before the standardized cut, in total of four applications, and after the cut, were applied doses of 50 mg dm-3 of N and of K2O, in the intervals 0; 3; 6 and 9 days, been the cultivars evaluated with 44 days of regrowth. In experiment two, were applied unique dose of 50 mg dm-3 of N and of K2O, one week before the standardized cut and, after the cut were applied 100 mg dm-3 of N and of K2O in the intervals 0; 4; 8 and 12 days, evaluating the cultivars with 39 days of regrowth. In experiment one, only the dry material production and the relation leaf-stem were influenced for the intervals of fertilizer application. Already in the experiment two, total number of leaves, number of expanded leaves, number of dead leaves and accumulated laminar length were influenced for the interval in a negative linear form way, while the dry material production presents a quadratic answer to adubation intervals increase. In studied conditions, the conclusion is that cultivar Marandu presents bigger number of leaves and of tillers than the cultivar Xara?s, that presents bigger height, production of dry material, relation leaf-stem and regrowth production. The nitrogen fertilizer and potassium application immediately after the cut presents better results for the structural characteristics, except for number of dead leaves. The dry material production per vase and per plant is maximized with the adubation between four and five days after the cut.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-19T20:36:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) katharine_kelly_azevedo.pdf: 1197322 bytes, checksum: 47b2dff938cb953a1d3c90817b658008 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-08-22T12:59:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) katharine_kelly_azevedo.pdf: 1197322 bytes, checksum: 47b2dff938cb953a1d3c90817b658008 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:59:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) katharine_kelly_azevedo.pdf: 1197322 bytes, checksum: 47b2dff938cb953a1d3c90817b658008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de n?veis crescentes de substitui??o da PB do concentrado (0, 25, 50 e 75% com base na MS) pela PB do farelo de crambe (FC) em dietas para ovinos, sobre o consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes, par?metros ruminais, N ureico no plasma sangu?neo (NUP), excre??o urin?ria de N ureico (EUNU), balan?o de N, fluxo intestinal de N microbiano (NMIC) e efici?ncia de s?ntese de prote?na microbiana (EFIM). Foram utilizados quatro ovinos fistulados no r?men, SRD, machos, castrados, alojados em gaiolas metab?licas, com idade m?dia inicial de 18 meses e peso vivo m?dio inicial de 50 kg, distribu?dos em delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4 (4 tratamentos e 4 per?odos). Cada per?odo foi composto de 14 dias, sendo sete dias destinados ? adapta??o dos animais ? dieta e ?s condi??es experimentais e sete dias para as coletas. As dietas foram compostas por 50% de volumoso (silagem de milho) e 50% de concentrado (%MS). Os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e estudo de regress?o a 5% de signific?ncia, utilizando-se o programa estat?stico SAS. Foi verificado efeito linear crescente para o consumo de extrato et?reo e linear decrescente para o consumo de carboidratos n?o fibrosos corrigidos para cinzas e prote?na. Com o aumento dos n?veis de FC nas dietas observou-se redu??o na digestibilidade de todos os nutrientes avaliados, exceto para PB e EE. N?o houve efeito para o pH do l?quido ruminal, por?m para os valores de N amoniacal no l?quido ruminal foi observado efeito linear decrescente com a inclus?o do FC na dieta. Tamb?m n?o foi observado efeito das dietas para o balan?o de N e EUNU. Contudo, para a concentra??o de NUP houve efeito linear decrescente. O NMIC e EFIM apresentaram efeito linear crescente com a inclus?o do FC. De acordo com os resultados alcan?ados no presente estudo, o FC possui potencial como alimento proteico alternativo na dieta de ovinos, pois assegura consumo e utiliza??o do N semelhante a alimentos convencionais e contribui pra melhor s?ntese de prote?na microbiana. Apesar da redu??o da digestibilidade dos nutrientes com a inclus?o do FC ?s dietas, o consumo de NDT n?o foi prejudicado. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of CP replacement of concentrate (0, 25, 50 and 75% based on DM) for crambe meal (CM) CP in sheep diets regarding on nutrient intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters, blood plasma urea nitrogen (NUP), urinary urea nitrogen excretion (EUNU), N balance, intestinal flow of microbial nitrogen (NMIC), and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EFIM). Four rumen fistulated male sheep of undefined breed, castrated, housed in metabolic cages, with initial mean age of 18 months and initial mean body weight (BW) of 50 kg, were distributed in a 4 x 4 Latin square design (4 treatments and 4 periods). Each period was composed of 14 days, seven days for the adaptation of the animals to the diet and the experimental conditions and seven days sampling. The diets were composed of 50% of roughage (corn silage) and 50% of concentrate (% MS). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression study at 5% of significance using the SAS statistical program. It was verified crescent linear effect for the intake of ethereal extract and linear effect decreasing for the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates corrected for ashes and protein. It was observed a reduction of the digestibility of all the nutrients with increase of CM levels in the diets, except for PB and EE. There was no effect on the ruminal fluid pH, but it was observed linear decreasing effect for the values of ammoniacal nitrogen in the rumen according to the inclusion of the CM in the diets. It was not observed effect of diets on N balance and EUNU. However, there was a linear decreasing effect for NUP. The was in increasing linear effect on NMIC and the EFIM with the inclusion of CM. According to the results obtained in the present study, the CM has potential as an alternative protein food in the diets of sheep, because the intake and use of N is similar to conventional foods and improves the microbial protein synthesis. Even with the reduction of nutrient digestibility with the inclusion of CM in diets, the intake of TDN was not affected.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-13T20:25:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorHugoFernandesDeVasconcelos_DISSERT.pdf: 2647970 bytes, checksum: 84d964f39f1827856185449f445ffc14 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-16T20:32:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorHugoFernandesDeVasconcelos_DISSERT.pdf: 2647970 bytes, checksum: 84d964f39f1827856185449f445ffc14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T20:32:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorHugoFernandesDeVasconcelos_DISSERT.pdf: 2647970 bytes, checksum: 84d964f39f1827856185449f445ffc14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A eutrofiza??o constitui-se na principal causa de perda de qualidade da ?gua dos a?udes da regi?o semi?rida brasileira. No entanto, ainda n?o existem estudos quantitativos sobre a import?ncia relativa de diferentes fontes de nutrientes para a eutrofiza??o dos a?udes como tamb?m n?o existem a??es efetivas de controle das cargas externas de nutrientes para esses mananciais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar as emiss?es naturais e antr?picas potenciais de nitrog?nio (N) e f?sforo (P) para os sete maiores reservat?rios da bacia hidrogr?fica do Rio Serid?, na regi?o semi?rida do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados mostram que as emiss?es totais variam de 1955 t.N.ano-1 e 1180 t.P.ano-1 (Passagem das Tra?ras) a 84 t.N.ano-1 e 56 t.P.ano-1 (Carna?ba). As emiss?es antr?picas, em conjunto, s?o atualmente respons?veis por 72-87% de todas as emiss?es de nitrog?nio e mais de 98% de todas as emiss?es de f?sforo para os reservat?rios estudados. Dentre as emiss?es naturais, as emiss?es da deposi??o atmosf?rica s?o maiores para P e menores para N quando comparadas ?s emiss?es da denuda??o f?sica e qu?mica dos solos. Dentre as emiss?es antr?picas, as emiss?es de N e P oriundas da pecu?ria s?o maiores do que as emiss?es dos efluentes dom?sticos e da agricultura. Tais resultados dever?o subsidiar a??es de gest?o ambiental das bacias hidrogr?ficas e projetos de restaura??o de a?udes eutrofizados. / Eutrophication constitutes the main cause of water quality loss in reservoirs of Brazilian semiarid region. However, there are no quantitative studies about the relative importance of different nutrients sources for eutrophication of reservoirs as there are no control effective action to control the nutrients external loads to these reservoirs. The present study aimed to estimate the potential natural and anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for the seven largest reservoirs of Serid? River watershed, in the Rio Grande do Norte semiarid region. The results show that the total emission range from 1955 t.N.ano-1 e 1180 t.P.ano-1 (Passagem das Tra?ras) a 84 t.N.ano-1 and 56 t.P.ano-1 (Carna?ba). The anthropogenic emissions are currently responsible for 72-87% of all nitrogen emissions and more than 98% of all phosphorus emissions to the reservoirs. Among the natural emissions, emissions from atmospheric deposition are higher for P and lower to N when compared to the physical and chemical soils denudation. Among the anthropogenic emissions, N and P emissions from husbandry are the larger than emissions from domestic sewage and agriculture. These results should support environmental management programs and watershed restoration projects of eutrophic reservoirs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Michele de oliveira macedo.pdf: 1438139 bytes, checksum: 65185c2bcc2d92ca55054aa48e76edd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This study aimed to evaluate carbon and nitrogen stocks restoration, and soil fertility status in land reclamation with nodulated and mycorrhizal legume trees and fallow length on high productivity shifting cultivation. Evaluations were made of soil C and N stocks, concentration of free and occluded light fraction and soil available Ca, Mg, P, K, C and N, and amounts of mass and nutrients of litter in the dry and rainy season. One of the areas located in Angra dos Reis, RJ is under reclamation for 13 years. As reference area it was used a forest fragment and deforested area nearby. A second area is located in Serop?dica, RJ, and it is under reclamation for 17 years with the species Acacia auriculiformis and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, and with Albizia guachapele for 13 years. As reference area it was used a secondary forest fragment and a pasture area. Both areas under recuperation in Angra dos Reis and in Serop?dica had been used as source of topsoil, having lost part of the upper soil horizons. The slash-and-burn area is located in Bom Jardim, Nova Friburgo, RJ. For this study, it was utilized a chronossequence of soil gradient: area cultivated for one year; area cultivated with crop rotation for three years; area cultivated with bananas for 18 years; area under fallowing for five years; and others two fallowing areas for 18 and 33 years. The usage of legume trees in land reclamation was able to increase stocks of C and N, from 0.04 to 0.15 Mg ha-1 year-1 for N, and of 0.13 to 1.73 Mg ha-1 year-1 for C. In the slash-and-burn agriculture system, the lowest soil C stock was found in the one and three years cultivated areas. The highest stock was observed under fallowing and in the area planted with bananas, and they were similar between areas. The highest soil N stock was found in fallow with five years. In Angra dos Reis area the concentration of free and occluded light fraction was similar between areas of forest and under reclamation. In Serop?dica, only the free light fraction of organic matter was re-established. There was no significant difference between the concentrations of free and occluded light fraction in Bom Jardim areas; however, the area with five years fallow and three years cultivation showed the same values of the free light fraction. In Angra dos Reis areas, the litter stocks were similar between the forest and the area under reclamation. In Serop?dica, except for the area under A.auriculiformis with greatest litter stock, all other areas showed similar litter stocks. In Bom Jardim, the litter stocks were similar among the fallowing areas. The nutrients contained in the litter, in general, were similar among the areas, and they were dependent on the litter mass. The soil fertility in the areas under reclamation was slightly higher than in the reference ones. In the slash-and-burn area, the soil fertility analyses indicated a residual effect of liming in the fallow with five years. Considering the attributes soil fertility and soil C and N stocks, the best fallowing period would be of five years. / Neste estudo foi avaliado o potencial do uso de leguminosas arb?reas fixadoras de nitrog?nio, e da utiliza??o de pousio em um sistema de agricultura itinerante de alta produtividade, em restabelecer a ciclagem de nutrientes e incrementar os estoques de C e N. Foram avaliados os estoques de C e N do solo, as concentra??es de fra??o leve livre e leve oclusa da mat?ria org?nica, os teores de Ca, Mg, P, K, C e N no solo, e o estoque e a quantidade de nutrientes presentes na serapilheira nas esta??es seca e chuvosa. Uma das ?reas avaliadas, no munic?pio de Angra dos Reis (RJ), est? em recupera??o h? 13 anos. Para fins de compara??o, utilizou-se como refer?ncia uma ?rea de mata e outra, desmatada, adjacente ? ?rea em recupera??o. As demais ?reas estudadas localizam-se em Serop?dica (RJ), e est?o em recupera??o h? 17 anos com as esp?cies Mimosa caesalpiniifolia e Acacia auriculiformis, e h? 13 anos, com a esp?cie Albizia guachapele. Como ?rea refer?ncia foi utilizada uma ?rea de capoeira e outra de pastagem. Tanto a ?rea em recupera??o localizada em Angra dos Reis quanto as ?reas em recupera??o em Serop?dica haviam sido utilizadas como ?reas de empr?stimo, tendo perdido parte dos horizontes superficiais do solo. A ?rea de agricultura itinerante situa-se em Bom Jardim, regi?o serrana do Rio de Janeiro. Foi avaliado um gradiente de uso do solo: ?rea cultivada h? um ano; ?rea h? tr?s anos com rota??o cultivos; ?rea h? 18 anos cultivada com bananas; ?rea em pousio h? cinco anos; e outras duas ?reas em pousio h? 18 e 33 anos. O uso de leguminosas incrementou os estoques de C e N do solo nas ?reas em recupera??o. As taxas de aumento variaram de 0,04 a 0,15 Mg ha-1 ano-1 para N, e de 0,13 a 1,73 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de C. No sistema de agricultura itinerante, os menores estoques de C foram observados nas ?reas cultivadas h? um e h? tr?s anos. Nas ?reas em pousio e no bananal os estoques foram similares entre si e superiores aos das ?reas cultivadas. O maior estoque de N foi observado na ?rea com cinco anos de pousio. As concentra??es de fra??o leve livre e leve oclusa foram similares entre as ?reas de mata e em recupera??o em Angra dos Reis. Nas ?reas em recupera??o em Serop?dica, somente a fra??o leve livre foi restabelecida. J? nas ?reas de Bom Jardim, n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre as concentra??es de fra??o leve livre e leve oclusa. No entanto, o pousio de cinco anos e o cultivo de tr?s anos apresentaram os menores valores de fra??o leve livre. Os estoques de serapilheira nas ?reas de mata e em recupera??o de Angra dos Reis foram similares. As ?reas em recupera??o no munic?pio de Serop?dica apresentaram estoques de serapilheira similares, com exce??o da esp?cie A. auriculiformis que mostrou os maiores estoques. Nas ?reas em pousio do sistema de agricultura itinerante, os estoques de serapilheira foram similares. O estoque de nutrientes da serapilheira, em geral, variou pouco, e foi dependente da massa de serapilheira. A fertilidade dos solos das ?reas em recupera??o foi ligeiramente maior que das ?reas refer?ncia. Na agricultura itinerante, pode-se observar efeito residual da calagem usada pelo agricultor no pousio de cinco anos. De acordo com os resultados de estoque de C, N e fertilidade do solo, o per?odo de pousio mais indicado para o corte e queima foi o de cinco anos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Leandro Azevedo Santos.pdf: 3069700 bytes, checksum: dbd1726a5b683e7f290e1829143eacac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-03 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / To improve nitrogen usage efficiency in plants the rice transcriptional factor OsDof25 was identified and cloned, whose probably orthologe is the maize ZmDof1, already identified and partially characterized. The ZmDof1 was also cloned for comparative analysis with OsDof25, in order to confirm this last one as ZmDof1 orthologe in rice. The constructions for Arabidopsis superexpression of these transcriptional factors were made using the cloning system of gateway technology (Invitrogen), to obtain the expression vectors 35S:ZmDof1:HA and 35S:OsDof25:HA. Lineages with different expression levels of these genes were obtained, but with only one inserted copy. These transgenic lineages when grown in a half strength of MS medium (10mM of NH4 + and 20mM of NO3 -) showed phenotypes with chloroses and growth difficulty; although when they were cultured in soil they showed great vegetative development and delay in the inflorescence emission. When analyzed the gene expression changes induced by the superexpression of these transcriptional factors, it was observed that both genes produced an increase in the expression levels of high and low affinity ammonium transporters (AMT1.1 and AMT2.1, respectively), indicating that these phenotypes may be due to the toxic effect of an excess of ammonium uptake. We also verified an increase of expression for pyruvate kinase (PK1 and PK2), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC1 and PEPC2). Pyruvate kinase converts phophoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase converts PEP to oxalacetate, which is substrate for malate dehydrogenase to form malate. Both pyruvate and malate may feed the Krebs cycle. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase, which is present in the citosol and mitochondria, needed for converting isocitrate to 2- oxoglutarate. Thus, it was hypothesized that the increase of expression levels of these carbon metabolism enzymes was necessary to increase the production of 2-oxoglutarate and, consequently, to reduce the toxic effect of ammonium uptaked. Besides, it was observed an increase of expression levels and activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This enzime may work as much in the direction of glutamate amination as in deamination, when the plants were submitted to ammonium excess or carbon limitation conditions, respectively. / Com o objetivo de aumentar a efici?ncia de uso de nitrog?nio (EUN) em plantas, foi identificado e clonado o fator de transcri??o OsDof25 de arroz, cujo prov?vel ort?logo ? o ZmDof1 de milho, j? identificado e parcialmente caracterizado. Tamb?m foi clonado o ZmDof1 para an?lises comparativas com o OsDof25, a fim de comprovar que este ?ltimo ? realmente ort?logo do ZmDof1. As constru??es para superexpress?o destes fatores de transcri??o em Arabidopis foram feitas utilizando o sistema gateway de clonagem para obten??o dos vetores de express?o 35S:ZmDof1:HA e 35S:OsDof25:HA. Foram obtidas linhagens com diferentes n?veis de express?o destes genes, mas com apenas uma inser??o. As linhagens transg?nicas obtidas quando crescidas em meio MS ? for?a i?nica (10mM de NH4 + e 20mM de NO3 -) apresentaram fen?tipos como clorose e dificuldade de desenvolvimento, ao passo que quando cultivadas em solo mostraram desenvolvimento vegetativo mais intenso e atraso para emiss?o da infloresc?ncia. Quando analisadas as modifica??es de express?o g?nica causadas pela superexpress?o destes fatores de transcri??o, observou-se que ambos os fatores de transcri??o provocaram aumento de express?o dos transportadores de am?nio de alta e baixa afinidades (AMT1.1 e AMT2.1 respectivamente), indicando que o fen?tipo observado pode ser devido ao efeito t?xico do excesso de am?nio absorvido. Verificou-se tamb?m aumento de express?o das enzimas piruvato quinase (PK1 e PK2) e fosfoenolpiruvato carboxilase (PEPC1 e PEPC2). A piruvato quinase converte o fosfoenolpurato (PEP) a piruvato, enquanto a fosfoenolpiruvato carboxilase converte o PEP a oxalacetato (OAA) que pode sofrer a??o da malato desidrogenase originando o malato. Ambos os metab?litos, piruvato e malato, alimentam o ciclo de Krebs. Houve tamb?m aumento de express?o da isocitrato desidrogenase, enzima presente na mitoc?ndria (ciclo de Krebs) e no citosol que converte isocitrato a 2-oxoglutarato (2-OG). Assim, ? prov?vel que o aumento da express?o destas enzimas do metabolismo de carbono foi necess?rio para aumentar a produ??o de 2-OG e, por conseguinte, diminuir o efeito t?xico do excesso de am?nio absorvido. Al?m disso, observou-se aumento de express?o e atividade da glutamato desidrogenase (GDH). Essa enzima pode atuar tanto na dire??o da amina??o, quanto na dire??o da desamina??o, em condi??es de excesso de am?nio e/ou sob condi??es de limita??o de carbono nas plantas, respectivamente.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-26T19:35:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - David Castor Maxwel de Oliveira.pdf: 6489134 bytes, checksum: 23e02124d5d66aa42a02e4375f4e0862 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T19:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - David Castor Maxwel de Oliveira.pdf: 6489134 bytes, checksum: 23e02124d5d66aa42a02e4375f4e0862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-24 / Agroforestry systems (ASF) are potentially characterized as a agroecological crops by the similarity to the forest structure and function which gives more sustainability to the production systems, making them environmentally friendly. This study evaluated an AFS ten years plantation to obtain information about the nitrogen fixing legumes influenced over the soil chemical properties, the palm heart production, the Khaya ivorensis A. Chevalier and Euterpe oleracea Mart. Growth, and finally the common beans cultivation. The AFS was located at Embrapa Agrobiologia Experimental field, at Serop?dica city, Rio de Janeiro state. The statistical was randomized blocks with 5 treatments and 4 replications with 9 m x 9 m plots and total area with 1.620 m2. There were E. oleraceae, planted in a 3 m x 3 m spacing with one plant of K. ivorensis at the plot center. The treatments were different kinds of green manure crops between the lines such as: Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze; Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud;. Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC, nitrogen fertilization with castor cake and spontaneous vegetation. For the soil fertility analyses were collected two samples, one before and other after green manure crops management. K. ivorensis and E. oleraceae biometry, also heart palm production were harmed by inappropriate management on cultivation care lack between post planting and this evaluation lapse. These commercial crops reached larger diameters and superior height at the plot without leguminous crops competition. Green manure crops were efficient in soils nutrients cycling, increasing the most elements content after pruning the leguminous plants and the application of the biomass over the ground. Extract nodules inoculation showed capacity to increase nodulation and nitrogen content in common beans plants, but didn?t increase the grain production. / Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) podem ser configurados como cultivos agroecol?gicos, onde a similaridade com as florestas em estrutura e fun??o confere ao sistema uma maior sustentabilidade, tornando-os ambientalmente adequados. Este estudo avaliou um SAF com 10 anos de implanta??o, gerando informa??es sobre quanto as culturas de leguminosas fixadoras de nitrog?nio influenciaram nas propriedades qu?micas do solo e na produ??o do sistema, quantificando a produ??o de palmito, o crescimento de plantas de Khaya ivorensis A. Chevalier e Euterpe oleracea Mart. plantados e o cultivo de feij?o. O experimento estava localizado no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia, no munic?pio de Serop?dica, do Rio de Janeiro. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeti??es, com parcelas de 9 m x 9 m cada, totalizando 1.620 m2. Em todos os tratamentos existiam a?a?s plantados de 3 m x 3 m ao longo de todas as parcelas que tamb?m continham um mogno africano no centro de cada uma. Os tratamentos foram compostos por aduba??es verdes nas entrelinhas dos a?a?s, constitu?dos por Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze; Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.; p aduba??o nitrogenada de cobertura com torta de mamona e o controle com vegeta??o espont?nea. Para avalia??o qu?mica do solo foram feitas duas coletas, uma antes e outra p?s manejo da biomassa vegetal. Foi realizada a biometria das plantas de mogno africano, de a?a?, e a quantifica??o da produ??o de palmito, onde foi poss?vel perceber que essas culturas tiveram o crescimento prejudicado devido a falta de manejo, tendo em vista que houve menos competi??o nas parcelas sem leguminosas arb?reas, onde essas culturas de interesse atingiram maiores di?metros e alturas, refletindo da mesma forma na produ??o de palmito. A aduba??o verde foi eficiente na ciclagem de nutrientes do solo, aumentando o teor da maioria dos elementos ap?s um manejo e superando vegeta??o espont?nea al?m de ter beneficiado a produ??o do feijoeiro. A inocula??o com extrato de n?dulos ? capaz de aumentar a nodula??o e o teor de nitrog?nio da parte a?rea do feijoeiro, por?m n?o aumentou a produ??o de gr?os.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-11T19:30:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marcius Nei Zanin Cesar.pdf: 3447328 bytes, checksum: 098490a3674208d8609db17b18d3c285 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T19:30:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marcius Nei Zanin Cesar.pdf: 3447328 bytes, checksum: 098490a3674208d8609db17b18d3c285 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-30 / Cap. I The aim of this work is to evaluate the agronomic behavior of different legume species under cerrado conditions in Mato Grosso do Sul. Seven experiments were carried out, all of them in the experimental field of the (Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e Extens?o Rural de MS), (Agency of rural development and extension of MS). Two of these experiments referred to the performance of legumes evaluation. The first experiment was carried out during the Spring- Summer period, and the second one during the Fall- Winter period. The treatments were constituted by the legume species (Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria mucronata, Crotalaria reviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp Cv Fava larga and Cv IAPAR Arat? 43 an?o, Canavalia ensiformes and Canavalia brasiliensis). The third experiment was carried out to determine the dry phytomass decomposition rate and the nitrogen release of the species that were evaluated; this happened during the Fall-Winter period, and the treatments were the mulching of the legumes cited above, except C. breviflora, which was severely attacked by Fusarium sp. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, with eleven treatments and nine harvest dates disposed with four replicates. The forth and the fifth experiments were carried out in the subsequent year, their aim was qualifying the Biological Nitrogen Fixation (hereinafter called BNF) and determining the isotope discrimination value ?B value?; their treatments were seven legume species previously selected due to their performances on the former experimental actions and three checks, Brachiaria decumbens, Helianthus annuus, and Zea mays cv BR 106, disposed in randomized blocks with four replicates. The sixth and the seventh experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the cabbage cv Astrus under organic management in no-tillage system. The treatments of the sixth experiment were maize-velvet bean intercrop. The later was sown in five different times after maize germination, mucuna alone, maize alone, spontaneous vegetation, and cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil. The treatments of the seventh experiment were maize intercropped with Crotalaria juncea, the latter was slashed, slashed and pruned, maize with basic fertilizer, maize with basic and dressing fertilizers, crotalaria alone, maize alone, spontaneous vegetation, and cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil. The experimental design adopted for both experiments was randomized blocks. The evaluation of the aerial phytomass production was determined when the legume species flowered and when the non-legume ones underwent the grain filling process. The quantification of BNF and the determination of the B value were estimated by using natural abundance 15N and the 15N dilution technique. Functional growth analyses were also carried out as well as soil cover rates, digestion time of the plant tissues, and the phytosociology were determined. On the sixth and seventh experiments the green manure contributions on the agronomic behavior of the cabbage cultivated in no-tillage system under organic management were evaluated. The results obtained have demonstrated the viability for the cultivations of these legume species at the Cerrado Biome, with the contribution of the BNF varying between 75 and 85% of the nitrogen found in the plant tissue originating from the air. They have also demonstrated the viability of using C. juncea and velvet bean when both are intercropped with maize in the mulching formation to the organic cultivation of the cabbage in no-tillage system Cap. II Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the agronomic behavior of legume species in which several components of plant growth were evaluated, such as aerial phytomass production, soil cover rate, seed production, besides phytosociology and in situ decomposition rate under cerrado conditions in Mato Grosso do Sul in two periods of the year. One experiment was carried out during the Spring-Summer period and the other one was carried out during the Fall-Winter period. Both experiments were carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa da Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Rural e Extens?o Rural de Mato Grosso do Sul (Mato Grosso do Sul Research center of the Agency of rural development and extension), in Campo Grande ? MS. The experimental design adopted for both was randomized blocks, formed by eleven treatments made up by the species C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, C. breviflora, Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna pruriens, Canavalia brasiliensis, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus Cajans cv ?IAPAR an?o?, and Cajanus Cajans cv. giant broad bean. The agronomic behavior of the species that were studied was evaluated by the analysis of the stem and the leaf separately. It was observed that the aerial phytomass productions differed significantly with the species of the genus Crotalaria, showing the best results. Crotalaria juncea stands out with 14.16 Mg ha-1, followed by the Cajanus cajan cv. Fava larga with 11.58 Mg ha-1; there were no significant differences among the species of prostrate habit, mucunas and Brazilian jackbean (Canavalia brasiliensis). The later obtained 3.56 Mg ha-1 and the former did 2.85 Mg ha-1. Regarding seed production, the best performances were obtained during the Fall-Winter period for all legume species, except jack bean and feij?o-bravo (Capparis flexuosa), both obtained similar performances on the two periods of sowing, probably because they might be more tolerant to the drought stress. Regarding the decomposition rate, the results have revealed that the decomposition constants and the residue half-lives had different behaviors on the species that were studied; the Crotalaria species obtained higher decomposition rates when compared to the other species, differentiated behaviors were also noticed on the stem and on the leaf. The C. juncea, jack bean, and the two species of mucuna obtained higher soil cover rate, which reflected a higher suppression of spontaneous plants Cap. III Two experiments related to the quantification of BNF and the determination of the isotope discrimination, ?B value?, in legume species previously selected were simultaneously carried out in the experimental field of the AGRAER-MS, in Campo Grande-MS, during the Spring/Summer period in the 2005/2006 year of production. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, formed by ten treatments made up by the species C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, velvet bean, Brazilian jackbean, and Pigeon pea; there have been also, as checks, Sunflower, Maize, and Brachiaria species. The aerial phytomass productions were determined when each legume species flowered and when the non-legume ones underwent the grain filling process. With the samples of legumes and check plants, the quantities of N and the BNF were estimated by using the 15N dilution technique. Afterwards, when the BNF values were known, they were applied to the equation used in natural abundance 15N with the aim of estimating the B value. Regarding the aerial phytomass production, the Pigeon pea had the best performance, followed by the C. ochroleuca, reaching averages of 16.24 Mg ha-1 against 14.44 Mg ha-1. The legume species behaved similarly to the amount of accumulated nitrogen; the Pigeon pea, C. ohcroleuca, and C. mucronata reached values of 346.57 kg ha-1, 333.25 kg ha-1, and 277.35 kg ha- 1 respectively, and they deserve a distinction. Regarding the %BNF, it was observed that the 15N dilution technique could not be applied in all the species that were studied since the cycle of most legumes species was different from the checks; in this way, the checks were not appropriate because the technique demands that legumes and checks grow simultaneously and under the same conditions. However, to the varieties which were more precocious that the checks, the BNF value must be at least between 73 to 87%. Just on the specie C. mucronata it was possible to estimate the BNF and the B value with the rigor that the applied isotopic methodologies demand. The B value of this specie was -3.69. Cap. IV The aim of this study is to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the cabbage in no-tillage system under organic management and the contribution of the prior cultivation of two legumes with different growing habits intercropping with maize in the mulching formation. Both experiments were carried out in the experimental field of AGRAER-MS, in Campo Grande-MS. The first experiment was the maize-C. juncea intercrop, the latter was managed, slashed, pruned, and slashed afterwards; besides the cultivation of single maize, single C. juncea, cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil with and without fertilization with equivalent amounts of 100 Kg N ha-1 at planting and sidressed 30 days after the maize cultivation, making up eight treatments with four replications in randomized blocks. The dry matter productions in the aerial part of the cover crops and the spontaneous vegetation were evaluated. Agronomic characteristics that were evaluated on the cabbage: productivity, commercial standard, fresh and dry weight, besides the dry phytomass of the prior cultivation. On this experiment it was possible to verify better yields regarding the fresh weight and head diameter when we used single, pruned C. juncea maize with basic fertilizer, and maize with base and dressing fertilizers, reaching a fresh weight over 1.0 Kg and heads diameter over 10 cm. Regarding maize and cabbage productivity, they were not influenced by the different kinds of intercrop systems; there were no significant statistic difference of treatments, which also reflected on the dry matter production of the prior cultivations. On the second experiment, the experimental design which was adopted was randomized blocks, with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: maize-velvet bean intercrop, the later was planted in five different times: after the maize germination, maize alone, mucuna alone, cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil, and fallow with spontaneous vegetation, making up a total number of nine treatments. The parameters that were evaluated were similar to the ones of the former experiment.The cabbage production showed the most promising yield 2.06 Kg of head average weight and when cultivated as a sequential crop to the maize-velvet bean intercrop sown 15 days after the maize germination, differing significantly from the other treatments. When we analyzed the maize productivities, we noticed fall of productivity around 29% when it was intercropped with velvet bean at 15 and 30 days after its germination when it was compared to the other prior cultivations in which the intercrop system was used. / Cap. I O presente trabalho teve como finalidade avaliar o comportamento agron?mico de diferentes esp?cies de leguminosas nas condi??es do cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram conduzidos sete experimentos, todos no campo experimental da Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e Extens?o Rural de MS, sendo que dois deles foram referentes ? avalia??o do desempenho das leguminosas. O primeiro foi instalado no per?odo de primavera-ver?o e o segundo no outonoinverno. Os tratamentos foram constitu?dos das esp?cies de leguminosas Crotal?ria juncea, Crotal?ria ochroleuca, Crotal?ria mucronata, Crotal?ria reviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp cv Fava larga e Cv IAPAR Arat? 43 an?o, Canavalia ensiformes e Canavalia brasiliensis. O terceiro experimento foi realizado para determinar a taxa de decomposi??o da fitomassa seca e libera??o de nitrog?nio das esp?cies avaliadas, realizado no per?odo de outono-inverno, com os tratamentos constituindo-se da palhada das leguminosas descrita acima, exceto C. breviflora, pois a leguminosa sofreu ataque severo de Fusarium sp. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com onze tratamentos e nove ?pocas de coleta distribu?dos em quatro repeti??es. O quarto e o quinto experimentos foram realizados no ano subsequente e tiveram como finalidade quantificar a Fixa??o Biol?gica de Nitrog?nio (FBN) e determinar o valor de discrimina??o isot?pica ?Valor B?, tendo como tratamentos sete esp?cies de leguminosas previamente selecionadas pelos seus desempenhos nas a??es experimentais anteriores e tr?s testemunhas, Brachiaria decumbens, Helianthus annuus e Zea mays cv BR 106, dispostos em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es. O sexto e o s?timo experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o desempenho do repolho cv Astrus sob manejo org?nico em sistema plantio direto, sendo que o sexto experimento teve como tratamentos cons?rcio milho x mucuna cinza, sendo esta semeada em cinco ?pocas diferentes, ap?s germina??o do milho, mucuna em monocultivo, milho em monocultivo, vegeta??o espont?nea e cultivo com preparo convencional do solo. O s?timo experimento teve como tratamentos milho consorciado com Crotal?ria juncea, sendo esta ro?ada, ro?ada e podada, milho com aduba??o de base, milho com aduba??o de base e cobertura, crotal?ria em monocultivo, milho em monocultivo, vegeta??o espont?nea e cultivo com preparo convencional do solo. O delineamento experimental adotado em ambos os experimentos foi o de blocos ao acaso. A avalia??o da produ??o de fitomassa a?rea foi determinada por ocasi?o do florescimento para as esp?cies de leguminosas e de enchimento de gr?os para as n?o-leguminosas. A quantifica??o da FBN e determina??o do valor ?B? foram estimadas utilizando-se a t?cnica de abund?ncia natural 15N e da dilui??o isot?pica de 15N. Foram tamb?m realizadas an?lises funcionais de crescimento, bem como determinadas as taxas de cobertura do solo, tempo de decomposi??o dos tecidos vegetais e a fitossociologia. No sexto e no s?timo experimentos, foram avaliadas as contribui??es da aduba??o verde no desempenho agron?mico do repolho cultivado em sistema de plantio direto, sob manejo org?nico. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a viabilidade do cultivo destas leguminosas no bioma cerrado, com a contribui??o da FBN, variando entre 75 e 85% do nitrog?nio encontrado no tecido vegetal proveniente do ar. Tamb?m, demonstraram a viabilidade do uso da C. juncea e M. cinza quando cultivadas em cons?rcio com milho para obten??o de palhada ao cultivo org?nico do repolho em sistema plantio direto. Cap. II Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o comportamento agron?mico de esp?cies de leguminosas, onde foram avaliados diferentes componentes do crescimento vegetal, como produ??o fitomassa a?rea, taxa de cobertura de solo, produ??o de sementes, al?m da fitossociologia e taxa de decomposi??o ?in situ?, nas condi??es do cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul, em duas ?pocas do ano. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Centro de Pesquisa da Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e Extens?o Rural de Mato Grosso do Sul, localizado em Campo Grande - MS, sendo um no per?odo de primavera-ver?o e outro no outono-inverno. Em ambos, o delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, formado de onze tratamentos constitu?dos das esp?cies C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, C. breviflora, Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna pruriens, Canavalia brasiliensis, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus Cajans cv. IAPAR an?o e Cajanus Cajans cv. fava larga gigante. O comportamento agron?mico das esp?cies estudadas foi avaliado analisando-se separadamente haste e folha. Observou-se que as produ??es de fitomassa a?rea diferiram de forma significativa com as esp?cies do g?nero crotal?ria, obtendo-se melhores desempenhos. Destacam-se a Crotal?ria juncea com 14,16 Mg ha-1, seguida do Guandu cv fava-larga com 11,58 Mg ha-1; entre as esp?cies de h?bito prostrado, n?o houve diferen?as significativas, mucunas e o feij?o-bravo-do Cear?, sendo que esse obteve 3,56 Mg ha-1 contra 2,85 Mg ha-1 da M. preta. Com rela??o ? produ??o de sementes, os melhores desempenhos foram obtidos no per?odo de outono-inverno para todas as leguminosas, com exce??o do feij?o-de-porco e feij?o-bravo, que obtiveram desempenhos semelhantes nas duas ?pocas de semeadura, provavelmente, por serem mais tolerantes ao estresse h?drico. No tocante ? taxa de decomposi??o, os resultados revelaram que as constantes de decomposi??o e tempo de meia-vida tiveram comportamentos diferentes para as esp?cies estudadas, com esp?cies de crotal?ria obtendo maiores velocidades de decomposi??o quando comparadas ?s demais esp?cies, notou-se tamb?m comportamentos diferenciados para haste e folha. A C. juncea, feij?o de porco e as duas esp?cies de mucuna obtiveram maior taxa de cobertura de solo, o que refletiu em uma maior supress?o da vegeta??o de ocorr?ncia espont?nea Cap III Foram conduzidos simultaneamente dois experimentos relacionados ? quantifica??o da FBN e determina??o do valor de discrimina??o isot?pica, valor ?B?, em esp?cies de leguminosas previamente selecionadas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no campo experimental da AGRAER-MS, localizado em Campo Grande-MS, no per?odo de primavera-ver?o, no ano agr?cola 2005/06. O delineamento estat?stico utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, constitu?dos de dez tratamentos, sendo este compostos pelas esp?cies C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, Mucuna cinza, Feij?o-bravo-do-cear? e Guandu fava larga; e como testemunhas as esp?cies Girassol, Milho e Braqui?ria. Por ocasi?o do florescimento de cada esp?cie de leguminosa e enchimento de gr?os das n?o-leguminosas, foram determinadas as produ??es de fitomassa a?rea. A partir das amostras de leguminosas e plantas testemunhas, estimaram-se as quantidades de N e a FBN, para tanto usando a t?cnica de dilui??o isot?pica de 15N . Posteriormente, conhecendo-se os valores de FBN, aplicou-se aos mesmos a equa??o utilizada na t?cnica de abund?ncia natural de 15N com a finalidade de estimar o valor B. Com rela??o ? produ??o de fitomassa a?rea, o Guandu fava larga obteve melhor desempenho seguido da C. ochroleuca, atingindo m?dias de 16,24 Mg ha -1 contra 14,44 Mg ha-1. Para a quantidade de nitrog?nio acumulada as esp?cies de leguminosas se comportaram de maneira semelhante, com destaque para o Guandu fava larga, C. ohcroleuca e C. Mucronata, atingido valores de 346,57 kg ha-1, 333,25 kg ha-1 e 277,35 kg ha-1 respectivamente. No tocante ? %FBN, observou-se que a t?cnica de dilui??o isot?pica de 15N n?o poderia ser aplicada para todas as esp?cies estudadas, uma vez que a maioria das esp?cies de leguminosas teve ciclo diferenciado das testemunhas, desta forma, as testemunhas n?o foram apropriadas, visto que a t?cnica exige que tanto as leguminosas como as testemunhas cres?am nas mesmas condi??es e de forma simult?nea. Contudo, para as variedades mais precoces que as testemunhas, o valor de FBN deve estar no m?nimo entre 73 a 87%. Somente na esp?cie C. Mucronata, foi poss?vel estimar a FBN e o valor B com o rigor que exigem as metodologias isot?picas aplicadas. O valor B para esta esp?cie foi de -3,69. Cap. IV O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agron?mico do repolho em sistema plantio direto, sob manejo org?nico, e a contribui??o do pr?-cultivo de duas leguminosas de h?bitos de crescimento distintos em cons?rcio com milho, na forma??o de palhada. Ambos experimentos foram implantados no Campo Experimental da AGRAER, em Campo Grande-MS. O primeiro experimento consistiu no cons?rcio entre milho e C. juncea, sendo esta manejada, somente com ro?ada (taratamento 6), podada e posteriormente ro?ada (tratamento 5), al?m do cultivo do milho solteiro, C. juncea solteira, cultivo com preparo convencional do solo, com aus?ncia e presen?a de aduba??o, em quantidades equivalentes a 100 Kg N ha-1 no plantio e em cobertura 30 dias ap?s plantio do milho, perfazendo oito tratamentos com quatro repeti??es, dispostos em blocos ao acaso. Avaliaram-se as produ??es de mat?ria seca na parte a?rea das plantas de cobertura e da vegeta??o espont?nea. As caracter?sticas agron?micas avaliadas no repolho foram: produtividade, padr?o comercial, peso fresco e seco, al?m da fitomassa seca do pr?-cultivo. Neste experimento, verificaram-se melhores rendimentos quanto ao peso m?dio e di?metro da cabe?a quando se utilizaram C. juncea solteira, C.juncea ro?ada, milho com aduba??o de base e milho com aduba??o de base e cobertura, alcan?ando peso m?dio acima de 1,0 kg e di?metro das cabe?as acima de 10 cm. Quanto ? produtividade do milho e do repolho, estes n?o foram influenciados pelos diferentes tipos de cons?rcios, n?o havendo diferen?a estat?stica significativa entre os tratamentos, o que refletiu tamb?m na produ??o de mat?ria seca dos pr?-cultivos. No segundo experimento, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com nove tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram: o cons?rcio entre milho e mucuna cinza, sendo esta plantada em cinco ?pocas diferentes - ap?s a germina??o do milho, monocultivo do milho, monocultivo da mucuna, cultivo com preparo convencional do solo e pousio com vegeta??o espont?nea -, perfazendo um total de nove tratamentos. Os par?metros avaliados foram semelhantes aos do experimento anterior. A produ??o do repolho alcan?ou melhores rendimentos, 2,06 kg de peso m?dio da cabe?a; e, quando cultivado em sucess?o ao cons?rcio milho x M. Cinza, semeada aos 15 dias ap?s germina??o do milho, diferiu significativamente dos demais tratamentos. Ao se analisarem as produtividades do milho, notouse uma queda de rendimento em torno de 29% quando este foi consorciado com M. Cinza, aos 15 e 30 dias ap?s sua germina??o, ao comparar-lo aos demais pr?-cultivos utilizando-se cons?rcios