Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1936. / Vita. "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago libraries, Chicago, Illinois." "Reprinted from Travaux de l'Institut mathématique de Tbilissi, vol. 5, 1938."

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1918. / "Reprinted from Dickson's History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. III, Ch. VI. The Carnegie Institution of Washington." Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Chicago, 1918. / "Reprinted from Dickson's History of the theory of numbers, vol. III, ch. VI. The Carnegie Institution of Washington."

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1918. / "Reprinted from Dickson's History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. III, Ch. VI. The Carnegie Institution of Washington." Includes bibliographical references and index. Also available on the Internet.

This thesis reports the results of the X-ray observations of the galactic binary source SS 433 and the QSO MR 2251-178 made with the EXOSAT and GINGA X-ray satellites. The EXOSAT and GINGA study of SS 433 shows that both the X-ray intensity and spectrum of the binary vary over the periods of the 163 day jet precession and the 13 day binary motion. The X-ray luminosity of SS 433 is high at the phase corresponding to the maximum separation of the Doppler-shifted optical lines, and low when the jets become edge-on. An intensity decrease of up to 50% can be seen in each energy channel while the source changes from high to low luminosity. Over the 13 day binary cycle, the X-ray source is eclipsed by the companion star at the phase of the primary optical minimum. Five such events were observed by the EXOSAT and GINGA satellites at different phases of jet precession. The X-ray spectrum of SS 433 consists of a thermal continuum and a Doppler energy shifted broad emission line. It is proved, in this thesis, that the X-ray emission of SS 433 originates in the jets and is thermal in nature. The X-ray sources of SS 433 are stable and its properties are strongly modulated by the relativistic motion of the X-ray emitting material in the jets, the jet precession and the binary motion. With the constraints from the X-ray observations, a general picture of the X-ray jets of SS 433 is established in this thesis. The X-ray jets are a continuous super-sonic plasma flow and are generated inside the funnels of a thick accretion disc located around a black hole. Variable X-ray absorption and soft X-ray excess are found in the X-ray spectrum of MR 2251-178 with the EXOSAT observations. While there is an overall correlation between the ME(2-10 keV) and LE(0.1-2 keV) fluxes the pattern of variability can not be described by simple intensity, absorption or slope variations. It is shown, in this thesis, that it is possible to explain all the observed features by adopting the 'warm' absorber model in which the absorbing material is partially ionized by the flux of extreme ultra-violet and X-ray photons from the central continuum source. The preferred location of the absorbing material is close to the central continuum source. The recent evidence for 'cool' material in the centre of Seyfert galaxies is thus extended to include an object of significantly higher luminosity.

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Drawing on in-depth, semistructured interviews with 42 nonbinary-identified individuals in Texas, I examine both the relationship between pronouns and identity and how individuals use pronouns in interaction. Some individuals speak about their pronoun set as a crucial component of their gender identity, adopting what I refer to as an essential expression strategy, while others discuss their pronoun set as more loosely connected to their non-binary identity, adopting what I refer to as a flexible expression strategy. Whether an individual adopts an essential or flexible expression strategy informs pronoun use in a particular context. Specifically, I find that respondents adopting an essential expression strategy are more likely to emotionally invest in using/enforcing a particular pronoun set and report strong emotions from the use of correct or incorrect pronouns in interaction. In contrast, respondents adopting a flexible expression approach are less emotionally invested in a particular pronoun set. As a result, these respondents are more likely to defer pronoun choice to the audience and prioritize the ease of interaction with less emotional consequences.

As the world swims deeper into a deluge of data, binary datasets relating objects to properties can be found in many different fields. Such datasets abound in practically any area of interest, including biology, politics, entertainment, and education. This explosion calls for the definition of new types of patterns in binary data, as well as algorithms to find efficiently find these patterns. In this work, we introduce truth tables as a new class of patterns to be mined in binary datasets. Truth tables represent a subset of properties which exhibit maximal variability (and hence, suggest independence) in occurrence patterns over the underlying objects. Unlike other measures of independence, truth tables possess anti-monotone features that can be exploited in order to mine them effectively. We present a level-wise algorithm that takes advantage of these features, showing results on real and synthetic data. These results demonstrate the scalability of our algorithm. We also introduce new methods of mining straddling biclusters. Biclusters relate subsets of objects to subsets of properties they share within a single dataset. Straddling biclusters extend biclusters by relating a subset of objects to subsets of properties they share in two datasets. We present two levelwise algorithms, named UnionMiner and TwoMiner, which discover straddling biclusters efficiently by treating multiple datasets as a single dataset. We show results on real and synthetic data, and explore the advantages and limitations of each algorithm. We develop guidelines which suggest which of these algorithms is likely to perform better based on features of the datasets. / Master of Science

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